（III）Special Poverty Alleviation ——Main Work

【Research on the improvement of the national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation and development】

　　In October, 2008, the Third Plenary Session of 17th CPC Central Committee approved the "Decision by Centre Committee of CPC on Some Important Issues Regarding Promoting Country Reform Development", which clearly states that we must improve the national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation. In 2009, LGOP carried out researches on improving the national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation and founded the Expert Advisory Group to carry out researches on the improvement of the national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation and the initial program for the research activities on the poverty alleviation program in the next decade. Subsequently, the study activities were carried out in four related areas: First, joint investigation and researches of LGOP’s member units; Second, poverty alleviation work summary of various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities; Third, poverty alleviation work summary of the relevant industries; Fourth, entrusting relevant experts to carry out systematic research. The 28 member units of the Leading Group and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development organized five research groups. Led by the vice team leader, the research groups carried out investigations and research on 144 poor villages of 69 counties (including 50 key counties for poverty alleviation) in 19 provinces and autonomous regions and more than 80 comrades participated in the research. The research groups have written high-quality research reports. The provincial and regional poverty alleviation offices and related industrial sectors provided their work summary and policy recommendations. On this basis, LGOP drafted the General Report of the joint research, listened to the comments and suggestions of various experts and grassroots poverty alleviation offices and ultimately formed the general report on joint research on the improvement of national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation. The report summarized and evaluated the poverty alleviation and development work since the implementation of the "Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China's Rural Areas (2001-2010)", analyzed the current situation and problems of poverty alleviation and development and put forward the basic ideology and suggestions for the improvement of the national strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation.

【Entire Village Advancement】

1. Performance

　　In 2009, the Entire Village Advancement program was implemented in 18,500 poor villages, including 9000 poverty-stricken villages involved in “three guarantees”: Ensure the completion of Entire Village Advancement in a total of 8684 poor villages in old revolutionary base areas of key counties, 124 minority poor villages and 1952 border poor villages. In fact, the projects were implemented in a total of 18,600 poor villages, of which 9,069 were “three guarantees” villages.

　　By the end of 2009, the program was implemented in the 207 minority poor villages covered by the “three guarantees”. Yunnan, Tibet and Qinghai completed the task of “three guarantees” ahead of schedule.

2. Funding

　　In 2009, a total of 21.409 billion Yuan was invested in Entire Village Advancement program, of which: 8.68 billion was from the central government, 2.55 billion from local government and 10.2 billion from various departments. Averagely 1.218 million Yuan was invested for each village. 8.133 billion Yuan was invested in “three guarantees” villages, of which: 7.638 billion Yuan was for old revolutionary base areas, 200 million Yuan for minority areas and 295 million Yuan for border villages. The average investment to each village was 914,700 Yuan.

　　Among the 10.6 billion anti-poverty funds for Entire Village Advancement provided that year, 5.5 billion Yuan was invested to infrastructure construction, accounting for 51.8%; 3.7 billion Yuan was put in industrial development, accounting or 34.8% and 1.44 billion Yuan was invested in public welfare, accounting for 13.4%.

【Labor transfer training – Rain Plan】

　　To further improve the quality of the poor, increase the income of poor people and accelerate the pace of poverty alleviation and development, the socialist new rural construction in poor areas and building a harmonious society, the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development decided to implement the "Rain Plan" in poverty-stricken areas.

　　As one of the important contents of the poverty alleviation and development work in the new era, featured “government leadership and social participation”, with the purpose of “enhancing the quality and strengthening the employment and entrepreneurship capacity”, through vocational education, entrepreneurship training and agricultural practical techniques training to promote transfer employment and entrepreneurship, the “Rain Plan” is designed to help solve the practical difficulties of young farmers in poor areas in their employment and entrepreneurship to develop production and increase income, and ultimately promote the economic development of poverty-stricken areas. The full implementation of “Rain Plan” marked the poverty alleviation and development of China has entered a new stage combining the development of natural resources and human resources from the original development of natural resources.

1. Effectiveness of “Rain Plan”

　　In 2009, the amount of the anti-poverty funds for trainings reached 1 billion Yuan, a total of 1.27 million people participated in the trainings, the employment rate reached 90% and the stable employment rate came to 80%.

2. "Private enterprise recruitment week"

　　"Private enterprise recruitment week" is long-term annual employment recruitment activity jointly organized by several central ministries, covering more than one hundred cities nationwide. It is of great significance to promoting the employment of migrant workers and college graduates and has a broad influence in society. As one of the sponsors, LGOP participated the "private enterprise recruitment week" activity in 2009 for the first time and started the “Second Job Fair of 'Rain Plan' for Poor Labors” nationwide. Deputy Leader of the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development and Director-General of LGOP Fan Xiaojian attended and addressed the opening ceremony. The leaders from 28 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) participated in the opening ceremony and the plenary. The local poverty alleviation departments in the sub-venues also actively organized local poor to participate in the activity.

3. Training modes

　　Through investing 600-1500 Yuan of training fee for each poor labor, the “Rain Plan” supports the poor to participate in vocational skills training and entrepreneurship and rural practical skills trainings. In such a way, one person can get a job in one or two years to lift the whole family out of poverty. After going back to the home village, some trained farmers used the skills they learned, information they obtained and the funds they got in launching enterprises and developing efficient featured agriculture and tertiary industry, which not only increased the family income, but also greatly supported local economic development.

　　In the practices over the years, local governments in various areas created and developed various effective training modes, including:

　　（1）  "Combination of long and middle-term programs for sustained development"

　　（2）  "School-enterprise cooperation, order output"

　　（3）  "Business investment, fixed-point employment"

　　（4）  "Combining work and study by work-study program"

　　（5)  "School-town linkage for local training"

　　（6）  "Local transfer for the nearest settlement"

　　（7）  "Highlight characteristics and build brands"

　　（8）  "Loan training, employment repayment"

4. "Rain plan" network

　　By the end of 2009, LGOP identified 31 "Rain Plan" demonstration bases across the country. The provincial poverty alleviation offices identified 600 provincial training bases and some key counties for poverty alleviation and development also identified more than 1700 county-level training bases. These training bases have formed a nationwide training network covering all poverty-stricken areas.

　　In order to regulate the "Rain Plan" demonstration bases, in the first half of 2009, LGOP conducted a comprehensive inspection on all the national and provincial demonstration bases to ensure the training bases can really meet the requirements for training capacity, teacher status, poor labor force training and employment arrangements, the use of training funds for poverty alleviation, etc. The results show that all the demonstration training bases can complete the transfer training task and have set a good example for the training bases nationwide.

【Industrialization in poor areas and poverty alleviation leading enterprises】

　　Poverty alleviation by industrialization refers to the poverty alleviation promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure in poor areas through supporting and fostering leading enterprises to form backbone industries and promote regional economic development, aiming to increase the income of farmers. The driving force of leading enterprises is the key to poverty alleviation by industrialization. On November 29, 2004, LGOP issued the "Notice on Declaration of the National Poverty Alleviation Leading Enterprises" (Guo Kai Ban [2004] No.83), and launched the national poverty alleviation leading enterprise declaration, examination and approval work. So far, it has approved two batches, covering a total of 625 national poverty alleviation leading enterprises, of which 123 are from the eastern provinces, 209 from the central provinces and 293 from the western provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The first batch was approved in 2005. 261 national poverty alleviation leading enterprises were identified, of which 47 are from the east, 96 from central areas and 118 from the western areas. The second batch was approved in 2008, covering a total of 364 national poverty alleviation leading enterprises, of which 76 are from the eastern areas, 113 from western areas and 175 from western areas. 673 provincial poverty alleviation leading enterprises have been identified by the provincial government. In 2005, LGOP and Agricultural Bank of China issued the "Notice on the Issuance of 'Opinions Concerning Supporting the Development of National Poverty Alleviation Leading Enterprises' " (Guo Kai Ban Fa (2005) No.19) to increase support for national poverty alleviation leading enterprises. In addition, local governments provided credit anti-poverty funds and financial anti-poverty fund support for the processing of agricultural products, base construction and training. Currently, these poverty alleviation leading enterprises have promoted the income growth of more than 8 million rural households in poor areas and promoted the adjustment of industrial structure in impoverished areas. To help poverty alleviation leading enterprises to improve competitiveness, LGOP, the State Development Bank and the National Export-Import Bank signed a long-term financial cooperation agreement to support the development of leading enterprises by providing preferential loans.

【Promote the development of old revolutionary base areas】

1. "Three guarantees" Entire Village Advancement

　　In order to implement the spirit of "increasing support for the development of old revolutionary base areas, minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas" of the 17th CPC Central Committee, in 2008, LGOP put forward the work task of "three guarantees": By 2010, ensure to complete the implementation of Entire Village Advancement program in minority poor villages, border poor villages and the poor villages in old revolutionary base areas, covering 24008 poor villages in old revolutionary base areas, accounting for 97% of the total. By the end of 2009, the Entire Village Advancement program had been implemented in 15464 "three guarantees" villages, including 14969 villages in old revolutionary base areas.

2. Pilot projects for contiguous development in old revolutionary base areas

　　In 2009, the pilot projects for the “contiguous development with county as the unit, integrating funds and entire village advancement” were launched in 72 key counties of 22 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the central and western areas. Each county put in financial anti-poverty funds of 10 million Yuan, and a total of 720 million Yuan was invested. The pilot projects covered 31 old revolutionary base areas, accounting for 43% of the total counties involved. In addition, financial anti-poverty funds of about 30 million Yuan were arranged for the pilot projects in one county in Shanxi, one county in Guangxi and one in Shaanxi, taking into account the infrastructure, public services, biological construction and industrial development of the old revolutionary base areas, aiming to promote the overall economic and social development of the old revolutionary base areas.

3. Central special lottery public welfare funds support the Entire Village Advancement in old revolutionary base areas

　　In 2009, central special lottery public welfare funds of 170 million Yuan were arranged for the implementation of Entire Village Advancement of the old revolutionary base areas in key counties of Hebei, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan.

4. Launch pilot projects for comprehensive poverty alleviation and development in the old revolutionary base areas

　　Since 2009, the central government has arranged annual financial funds of 20 million Yuan for six consecutive years for the implementation of pilot projects for "comprehensive poverty alleviation and development in Kasite" of Xianning County, Guizhou Province, aiming to help the poor shake off poverty and explore a way for the overall development of old revolutionary base areas in poverty-stricken regions.

5. Encourage the mobilization of social forces to support the development of old revolutionary base areas

　　Taking full advantage of the institutional strengths, the government mobilized and organized the party and government organs and social forces to participate in the development and construction of the old revolutionary base areas and positive and significant results have been achieved. Now, a total of 154 central state organs, democratic parties, social organizations and large state-owned enterprises have built pairing relationship with the old revolutionary base areas in 232 key counties for national poverty alleviation and development, accounting for 76% of the total old revolutionary base counties. Besides, many non-public economies and social forces have tried their best to carry out poverty alleviation activities in various forms, creating an atmosphere of the whole society's participation in the poverty alleviation of old revolutionary base areas.  

【Poverty alleviation by relocation】

　　Poverty alleviation by relocation is an important part of the poverty alleviation and development work. Since the pilot projects were launched in Dingx and Hexi of Gansu and Xihaigu of Ningxia in early 1980s, the poverty alleviation by relocation has totally covered more than 5.8 million people, which has accelerated the pace of shaking off poverty of the poor, improved the production and living conditions of poor people, alleviated the biological pressure on impoverished areas, promoted the process of rural urbanization in poor areas, speeded up the pace of new rural construction in poor areas and enhanced the ability of the poor to resist natural disasters.

　　Poverty alleviation by relocation is an important work of the LGOP. We must follow the following principles in promoting the poverty alleviation by relocation: Adhere to the mass voluntary, giving full play the main role of the masses; adhere to classified guidance for the development of scientific plans; adhere to targeting at objects to really benefit poor households; Adhere to the integration of resources for the improvement of infrastructure; adhere to industrial development, putting more efforts on follow-up support and promoting income growth; adhere to standardized management and continuously improving the effectiveness of poverty alleviation by relocation.

　　In 2009, steady progress was made in poverty alleviation by relocation. According to relevant statistic, in 2009, a total of 1.75 billion Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds were arranged for the program, and 140,000 households were relocated, involving 610,000 people.

【County-based contiguous development pilot projects】

　　In 2009, the pilot projects "with county as the unit through integration of resources, entire village advancement and contiguous development" were launched in 72 key counties of 22 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), covering 547,000 rural households (including 276,000 poor households), 1749 villages (including 1360 poor villages0 and 377 towns. So far, the implementation of the projects is going on smoothly.

　　According to preliminary statistics, a total of 7.17 billion Yuan was put in the pilot projects. Of which: 830 million Yuan was central government’s anti-poverty funds, 650 million Yuan was the matching funds of provincial, city and county governments, 2.75 billion Yuan was from relevant departments 290 million Yuan was bank loans, 1.57 billion Yuan was raised by the masses and 1.08 billion Yuan was other funds. According to the reported provincial data, each 10 million Yuan of financial anti-poverty funds can integrate capital of 50-80 million Yuan; Chongqing put the most efforts on the fund integration and a total of 2.16 billion Yuan was invested in the five pilot counties, much more than that of other provinces.

　　Now, a total of 3 billion Yuan has been invested in the 72 pilot counties, accounting for 41.8% of the total investment. 51% of the financial anti-poverty funds were used in industrial development, 42% in infrastructure construction, 5% in public welfare and 2% in other fields. The average investment for each pilot village was 4.1 million Yuan. Deducted the influence factor of Chongqing, the average investment for each pilot village was 3.28 million Yuan, much higher than the national average of 1.218 million Yuan for Entire Village Advancement program.

【Poverty alleviation in special poverty-stricken areas】

1. Pilot projects in Aba Prefecture of Sichuan for poverty alleviation and development and integrated control of Kashin-Beck disease

　　To help 860,000 Tibetan and Qiang people of Aba Prefecture of Sichuan get rid of the Kashin-Beck disease, since 2008, for five consecutive years, the central government have arranged 334 million Yuan for the poverty alleviation and development and integrated control of Kashin-Beck disease. As of the end of June 2010, a total of 1.538 billion Yuan was paid, of which 1.002 billion Yuan was the anti-poverty funds provided by the central government, 350 billion Yuan was from National Development and Reform Commission and 186 million Yuan was provincial matching funds.

　　Over the past two years, the working groups at all levels, through overall coordination, in accordance with the principle of government leadership, public participation, overall planning and self-development of farmers, carefully organized and implemented the projects and fully relied on and mobilized the masses to orderly construct the pilot projects.

1. Progress in project activities

　　No one missing in relocation and education. All the 26,400 children above 5 in the Kaschin-Beck Disease Region have been transferred to the schools of non-disease areas.

　　The relocation gained unprecedented public approval. The relocation projects have been launched for 21200 people from 4514 households in 55 villages of nine counties. 3208 households have already relocated and most of the farmers have moved into the new houses.

　　Adequate and timely supply of food. Grain of nearly 40 million kg has been supplied for 144,600 people (including 26400 school-age children in the disease areas) in the Kaschin-Beck Disease Region.

　　Full implementation of Entire Village Advancement. The Entire Village Advancement projects have been implemented in 255 villages. The program has built a total of 3,438 houses for the villages, constructed "five changes and two construction" household projects for 21,900 households, built village roads of 1,007 kilometers and village activity rooms of 14,800 square meters; supported the development of pillar industries of 9,401 farm households; improved power grids for 98,412 households; and trained 1,355 village-level cadres and 6,353 rural labors.

　　Basic safety of drinking water. Implemented 136 drinking water projects for poor villages, added effective irrigation area of 14,900 mu of farmland and basically solved the drinking water safety problem of 126,100 people in the disease areas.

　　Full coverage of social security. All the 41,200 Kashin-Beck patients were included in the rural medical assistance and the new rural cooperative medical system; implemented medical treatment for 20,800 people; built 20 centralized support centers with 2,540 beds and a total of 935 III degree patients have checked in; provided rural subsistence allowances of 27.08 million Yuan for I and II degree patients.

　　Synchronization support for prosperity and industrial development. Implemented backbone industrial projects in 66 villages and launched eight aquaculture base construction projects. Newly built pollution-free vegetables and potato base of 80,000 mu, featured fruit base of 36,800 mu, high-quality barley base of 47,800 mu and authentic Tibetan medicine base of 40,800 mu; cultivated 2.62 million bags of plateau middle/low-temperature type edible fungus, built four seedlings and standardization demonstration bases; purchased 61,500 livestock, planed artificial grassland of 75,100 mu, built livestock pens of 601,500 square meters and 13 commercial livestock production bases; introduced 1010 improved varieties of male livestock, newly built 396 improvement bases and organized technical trainings for 5074 people.

　　Implemented technical services for 1585 households, organized agricultural practical skills trainings for 20,700 people; improved basic farmland of 37800 mu and newly built and improved tractor roads of 1563 kilometers.

　　Meanwhile, the government has successfully constructed 14 high-quality tourist villages and built 454 "happiness of farmers (herdsmen) and happiness of Tibet (Qiang) " projects. In 2009, it received a total of 1.1763 million tourists with revenue of 46.1018 million Yuan.

2. Remarkable results have been achieved in disease prevention and control and the experience is worth promoting

　　Over the three years since the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control project, the sample survey did not find any new case of illness and remarkable achievements have been made in the comprehensive prevention and control of disease. Practice has proved that the comprehensive measure adopted by the pilot project is a successful model combating the Kashin-Beck disease and off-site education is a key measure to prevent new cases. The cost of off-site education is low and but the results are good. Off-site education has not only effectively prevented new cases, but has greatly promoted the improvement of the quality of basic education in poor areas and the development of patriotism of the students in minority areas. The successful experience in the comprehensive disease prevention and control can be promoted in Kashin-Beck disease-prone areas nationwide.     

2. Poverty alleviation pilot projects in Bulang (Mang people and Kemu people) Nationality and Shanyao of Yao Nationality in Yunnan

　　The number of the Mang and Kemu people mainly living in the 23 natural villages of Yunnan Honghe Haini Yi Prefecture, Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai Prefecture and Mengla County and Jinghong City of Xishuangbanna Dai Prefecture reaches 3972 and they are “Direct Transition Nationalities” that directly transformed from primitive society to the socialist society.

　　In January 2008, General Secretary Hu Jintao made the following important instructions: “Yunnan provincial government must put forward support measures to help them shake off poverty as soon as possible”. Premier Wen Jiabao also made important instructions: “The comrades of poverty alleviation offices must put forward policy measures together with Yunnan provincial government and relevant departments to solve the production and living problems of Mang people and Kumu people”. To implement the important instructions of the leaders, in March 2008, LGOP took the lead to establish the coordination group composed of relevant personnel of LGOP, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Health, State Administration of Radio, Film and TV, the State Forestry Administration, Shanghai, China Southern Power Grid and Yunnan Provincial government to give instructions for the poverty alleviation and development of Mang people and Kemu people of Yunnan Province. Meanwhile, to effectively solve the production and living difficulties of Mang people and Kemu people, and help the poor in ethnic minority areas shake off poverty as soon as possible, from 2008 to 2009, the central government arranged financial anti-poverty funds of 20 million Yuan to implement pilot projects for poverty alleviation of Mang people and Kemu people. After the project construction, great changes have taken place to the production and living conditions of Mang people and Kemu people. Over the two years, the government implemented Entire Village Advancement program in all the 23 natural villages concentrated by the Mang people and Kemu people and constructed 324 housing projects for them, with an average household living area of more than 80 square meters. Meanwhile, the government vigorously constructed “five small” water conservancy projects to improve the irrigation of mountain areas; built basic farmland of 5100 mu, two water reservoirs with capacity of 820,000 cubic meters and solved the drinking water problem of local people and livestock. In addition, it accelerated the construction of power grid and built village highroads of 203.9 li and 11 bridges, achieving the goal of universal access to highroads of the Mang and Kumu villages. Besides, the government has erected 10-KV transmission lines of 27.17 km to solve the problem of electricity in the production and life of the masses. 

　　Increase support for the development of featured industries. Leading industries have been initially fostered. In accordance with the requirements of "backbone industry for village and projects for income growth of households", the government put more efforts to the construction of industry and invested a total of 11.555 million Yuan in the two years to promote the development of featured planting and breeding industries. By the end of 2009, the per capita net income of Mang people and Kemu people reached 1413 Yuan and 1887 Yuan respectively, 924 Yuan and 689 Yuan more than that in 2007. The food and clothing problem of the poor among Mang people and Kemu people was basically solved.

　　Increase efforts for technology and practical skills trainings. Over the two years, the government had organized a total of 187 agricultural technical trainings for 10900 people, and transferred 45 village working groups to help the masses develop production. As a result, the self-accumulation and self-development capacities of the poor have been significantly improved.

　　Increase efforts for social construction to enable Mang people and Kemu people share the results of reform and opening up. Effectively increase investment in education and implement school building and students’ neighborhoods preferential admission policy.  By the end of 2009, the school-age children enrollment rate in Kemu neighborhoods reached 99.7%, plus the rural health infrastructure construction, it has solved the problem of difficulty in seeing a doctor. Combining the construction of "Frontier Cultural Corridor", "universal access" to radio and TV program of the villages, the 23 natural villages concentrated by the Mang people and Kemu people have got access to radio and TV program; vigorously increased the intensity of social security and included 1806 poor Mang and Kemu people into the rural minimum living security system to help them participate in the new rural cooperative medical system and illness relief system. Through strengthening the development of education, health, culture and other social undertakings, it has promoted the overall coordinated economic and social development of Mang and Kemu neighborhoods.

3. Poverty alleviation pilot projects in Aheqi of Xinjiang

　　Aheqi County is located in the western part of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, mostly mountain and desert, and only 0.5% of the area has earth. It is always in winter and has no summer, with large evaporation capacity. It covers a large area but is sparsely populated and has inconvenient traffic. Meanwhile, it undertakes the task of safeguarding 46 mountain passes and long border line of 371.4 kilometers. The per capita income of farmers and herdsmen in the county was only 42% of that in Xinjiang, the lowest in the whole region, and the incidence of poverty is 45% in rural areas.

　　Due to historic reasons, inadequate investment in border area and backward economic and social development, the front-line border residents live in extremely difficult conditions, and there is a growing development gap between the border counties, the bases to support and serve border residents, and the inland cities, and the service functions of the border areas have been weakened. The number of the people living in border areas has been decreasing year by year and the quality of the border people is not high. The problems of outflow of talents and weakened ability of border areas are prominent.

　　In March 2007, taking poverty alleviation and development as a platform, the state launched poverty alleviation pilot projects in border areas of Aheqi County. Through integrating the funds of Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Water Resources, State Administration of Radio, Film and TV and the Ethnic Affairs Commission and the grants of China Huaneng Group and Wuxi City, it has invested a total of 280 million Yuan for the construction of 153 border poverty alleviation projects. All the comrades of the autonomous region, Ke Prefecture and Aheqi County were absolutely devoted to the construction of pilot projects with clear guideline and made steady progress and a historic breakthrough in the cause of poverty alleviation of Aheqi County: The living conditions of border residents have been obviously improved, the level of income has been enhanced and the problem of food, schooling, seeing a doctor and traveling has been basically solved; desert industry has been formed, facility agriculture and modern farming industry begin to take shape; urban appearance has been obviously improved, hardware service facilities are improved, and education and health service has almost covered the whole county. Over the three years, remarkable achievements have been made in poverty alleviation pilot projects in border areas, laying a good foundation for future work.

　　Focusing on the fundamental task of “safeguarding the border line”, all the comrades in the autonomous region, prefectures and counties create a “three-line structure” in the pilot areas for poverty alleviation: Frontline is the administrative area of the public security and police substation; Line 2 refers to the intermediate zone between frontline and the down town of the county; Line 3 is the down town of the county. Different responsibilities for the three lines: Frontline is mainly responsible for border safeguarding and helping people settle down, stay and get rich; the areas covered by Line 2 are engaged in the development of industry to provide frontline people with staff, economic support and education and health care services; the regions covered by Line 3 are mainly responsible for strengthening urban construction to form an integrated public service network for Line 1 and 2, promoting the linkage of the three “lines”.

　　The “three-line structure” has accurately summarized the situation in the border counties, given a global vision for the planning, implementation and evaluation of specific poverty alleviation projects, raised the pilot poverty reduction program to a new height and provided a good foundation for the pilot work summary and experience promotion in the future.

　　Currently, based on the "three-line structure", Aheqi is conducting the border poverty alleviation pilot projects smoothly and has achieved initial results.

　　The poverty reduction work on the borderline is the most important and most difficult task. 60% of the total investment for border poverty alleviation pilot projects has already been put in the program and 66% of the total projects have been launched. Significant achievements have been made.

　　The Gobi industry in the second-line border areas, based on modern animal husbandry and facility agriculture, has got a good foundation. Currently, Aheqi Town has built many high-standard greenhouses and each greenhouse covers an area of ​​1.5 mu. Since they were put into operation, more than 20 types of in-season vegetables have been planted, including tomatoes, cucumbers, etc, which has not only enriched local market supply of vegetables, but also changed the situation of long-term dependence on redeployment of vegetables.

　　The third-line border areas have witnessed significant improvement in appearance and service system. Supported by Huaneng Group and Wuxi City government, Aheqi County newly built hospitals, kindergartens and primary and secondary schools with beautiful environment and good facilities. The service system in the third-line border areas and the clinics, primary and secondary schools and cultural stations in the second-line border areas form the logistic service center for border safeguarding to support the frontline in the field of industry, education, health, old-age provision, etc.  

4. Pilot projects of poverty alleviation by industrialization through grass growing and livestock industry in rocky areas

　　To explore new ways of rocky desertification control, since 2008, for three consecutive years, the central government has allocated financial anti-poverty funds for pilot projects of grass growing and livestock industry in rocky areas of Guizhou Province. Over the two years, remarkable achievements have been made. It has not only enable farmers gain good economic benefits in a short period of time, but also expanded the vegetation coverage, effectively alleviated the rocky desertification process and brought good ecological benefits.

　　In 2009, poverty alleviation projects through the development of grassland animal husbandry industry were launched in ten counties of Nanzhou and Bijie in southwest of Guizhou Province. So far, the project construction has been basically completed and good results have been made in poverty reduction.

1. Funding. In 2009, a total of 605 million Yuan was put in the projects, of which 20 million Yuan was the funds for the pilot projects for rocky desertification control, 55 million Yuan was central government’s financial anti-poverty funds, 50 million Yuan was provincial financial anti-poverty funds by poverty reduction by industrialization, 108 million Yuan was various funds invested by Nanzhou of Qianxi and about 372 million Yuan was the fund for rocky desertification control.

2. Project implementation. By Dec 30, 2009, the two prefectures carried out a lot of work for grass growing, pen building, grass waterway and grass road building. So far, they have planted 157585 mu artificial grassland, accounting for 100.05% of the planned area; built pens of 235990 square meters, accounting for 99.89%of the planned area; purchased and distributed 149739 foundation ewes, accounting for 95.07% the required number; purchased and distributed 6229 rams, accounting for 101.70% the required number; and repaired 2500 ponds, accounting for 100% of the required number.

3. Initial results. First, economic benefits:

　　Through the development of grass growing and sheep breeding, farmers can gain economic benefits within a short period of time. All the well managed projects have increased the income of the rural households. For example, 250 households in Qinglong County, through the project construction, can sell out 30 sheep and 7500 high-quality meat sheep per household per year, equivalent to 300 tons of mutton. According to market price of 50 Yuan per kilogram, equivalent to 7.5 million Yuan, then the average household income is 30,000 Yuan, also resulting in a substantial increase in the county revenue. Second, eco-efficiency: through mixed sowing of many grass seeds, the project has expanded the vegetation coverage and effectively alleviated the rocky desertification process, resulting in good ecological benefits. According to Qinglong monitoring data, soil erosion of 20 square kilometers has been reduced every year, the artificial turf soil organic content has increased by 2% and the improved grassland soil organic content increased by 1%. Third, social benefits: It has effectively reduced poverty-stricken population, solved the employment problem of some farmers, promoted the adjustment of local agricultural industrial structure, set up pillar industries and has become an important source of the income growth of local farmers. In addition, it has promoted the development of livestock processing industry, transport, services and other related industries in project areas.

5. Overhead cable transformation pilot projects

　　To solve the problem of difficulty in travelling of the people in remote areas, especially minority areas, in 2009, the central government arranged financial anti-poverty funds of 30 million for the pilot projects of transforming overhead cables into footbridges in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. With the joint efforts of various departments at all levels, the pilot projects have achieved initial results.

　　In 2009, the pilot projects for overhead cable transformation were launched in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet to solve the problem of difficulty in travelling of the poor in some high mountains and deep valleys regions. With the joint efforts of various departments at all levels, the pilot projects have achieved initial results.

1. Funding. A total of 11.1847 million Yuan was put in the pilot project construction in Sichuan, of which, 5 million Yuan was the financial anti-poverty funds from the central government, 5 million Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds from the provincial government and 1.1847 million Yuan was the labor input of the masses. A total of 9.7588 million Yuan was invested in Yunnan, of which: 5 million Yuan was the financial anti-poverty funds from the central government, 3 million Yuan was from departments and 1.7588 million Yuan was the labor input of the masses. A total of 23.09 million Yuan was put in Tibet, including 23 million Yuan financial anti-poverty funds from the central government and 90,000 Yuan of other funds.

2. Major work and results. In Sichuan, the first batch of pilot projects were launched in seven counties including Ganzi and Liangshan, covering ten flexible cable suspension bridges of 980.17 meters, which has solved the problem of “difficulty in traveling, schooling, seeing a doctor and income growth” of 11376 local residents from 904 households in the project areas, and 35130 people from 6094 households in neighboring areas. In Yunnan, the government has completed five overhead cable transformation projects in five counties including Baoshan, Nujiang and Diqing, covering 20839 people and 4880 households. In Tibet, the pilot projects were launched in ten counties in Changdu, Shigatse and Linzhi, covering 18 simple bridges for human and animals. So far, six bridges have been built and relevant department is going to organize the examination and acceptance. The other 12 bridges are being built. After the project construction, 8886 residents and 1568 households in the project areas will say goodbye to the cable ere.

【Social poverty alleviation】

　　Social poverty alleviation: Mobilize and organize all social forces to participate in the development and construction in poor areas. As an important part of the socialist poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics, it fully reflects the superiority of the socialist system, helps coordinating the development between urban and rural areas and various regions, ensures poor areas and poor masses to share the fruits of reform and development and is necessary for building a socialist harmonious society and implementing the scientific concept of development. Meanwhile, it is of great significance to the national education for the cadres of state organs and cadres in eastern regions, the close ties between the party and the masses and between cadres and the masses, the cadre style change, promoting good social practice and consolidating the position of ruling party.

　　At the Central Anti-poverty Work Conference held in 1996, Comrade Jiang Zemin clearly stated: “It is an important guideline for poverty alleviation work to widely mobilize social forces to participate in poverty reduction. It can not only accelerate the process of shaking off poverty, but also promote good social tendency to adhere to this guideline”. The “Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning the Promotion of Rural Reform and Development” issued by the Third Plenary Session of 17th CPC Central Committee in October 2008 clearly calls for "party and government organs to continue helping the poor and continue the East-West pairing-off for poverty alleviation, give full play to the positive role of businesses, schools, research institutes, armies and social forces in poverty alleviation and development". This is the first time for the central government’s document to put forward so clear and systematic requirements on social poverty alleviation, almost covering the main areas of social poverty alleviation work. After more than 20 years’ exploration and practice, a social poverty alleviation work framework with Chinese characteristics has been basically formed in China. This framework system includes six aspects: ①fixed-point poverty alleviation conducted by the party and government organs and enterprises; ② East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation for the eastern coastal provinces to help the western regions; ③ participation of private sector in poverty reduction; ④ participation of social organizations in poverty alleviation; ⑤participation of the public, including volunteers, in poverty reduction; ⑥ military involvement in poverty alleviation.

　　Currently, the poverty alleviation work has entered a new stage of “two-wheel drive”- the development-oriented poverty alleviation and relief type poverty alleviation, forming the "grand pattern of poverty alleviation" integrating special planned poverty alleviation, agriculture-benefiting poverty reduction and social poverty alleviation. Social poverty alleviation will surely play an increasingly important role in the poverty alleviation and development.

【Training of cadres in poor areas】

　　Training of cadres in poor areas is an important link in poverty alleviation and development. Since the organized large-scale poverty alleviation and development was launched in China in 1986, the government always attaches importance to the training of cadres. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of pro-poor policies of the central government, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, Ministry of Finance and LGOP have long cooperated with each other to organize trainings for the cadres in poor areas engaged in poverty alleviation and development, and have gradually embarked on the path of systematism. Over the past two decades, to promote poverty alleviation and development, they have successively trained 30,000 cadres for poverty reduction; edited and published 35 teaching materials with more than 100,000 copies on rural development, development planning, business management, project management, micro-credit and participatory poverty alleviation; they implemented the pro-poor policies through organizing trainings, summarized the experience of local governments in poverty alleviation and development and explored the models for the development of impoverished areas and the creative practices of cadres and masses, which has greatly promoted the improvement of the quality of poverty alleviation cadres.

　　In 2009, a new breakthrough was made in the training of poverty reduction cadres and the overall level and quality of the poverty alleviation work was improved. According to the requirements of the spirits of the Third and Fourth Plenary Session of 17th CPC Central Committee, focusing on the hot issues of poverty alleviation, the government has organized eight training courses for more than 800 people and compiled the "Selected Speeches of Experts at China's High-level Forums on Poverty Alleviation and Development" and "Teaching Materials for Lectures on the Seminars on Poverty Alleviation and Development Theory and Practices" for the trainings of poverty alleviation cadres. According to the teaching evaluation, 98% of the participants of the seminars are satisfied with the seminars’ courses, teaching materials and field visits,

1. Trainings for young and middle-aged backbone cadres

　　It is necessary for enhancing the basic quality and capacity building of poverty alleviation cadres, an important step to promote the specialization and intellecturization of China's poverty alleviation and a long-term plan for the development of poverty alleviation departments to organize the comprehensive trainings for young and middle-aged cadres in the field of poverty alleviation nationwide. Aiming to increase theoretical knowledge and improve the overall quality of the cadres, the national training on the improvement of overall quality of young and middle-aged poverty alleviation cadres last for four weeks and focused on policy-based theory courses, supplemented by field teaching in poor areas. A total of 60 young and middle-aged cadres under 45 years old from local poverty alleviation offices participated in the training. As a training reform experiment, it made effective exploration on approaches to strengthening the trainings of basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills.

2. Special seminars

　　In 2009, the government held six seminars on the improvement of the strategy and policy system for poverty alleviation and development, covering expert lectures, field trips, case studies and exchanges. The methods were innovated and the effects were obvious. The party and political leaders from the key counties and poor regions (cities) and the directors of the poverty alleviation and development offices of relevant provinces and counties attended the seminars.

3. Capacity building training courses

　　Through interactions between teachers and trainees, based on modern cadre training ideology and methods, the national capacity building training courses mainly talked about how to meet the requirements of poverty alleviation and development in the new stage and the government organized the training for cadres in the area of poverty alleviation to conduct in-depth discussion and exchanges. The directors responsible for training and the dean of training center of the provincial (municipal, autonomous region) poverty alleviation offices, and the comrades of the cadre training centers in poor areas of China attended the training.

4. Going abroad training courses

　　In 2009, three going abroad trainings were organized and 48 representatives of the city or provincial party cadres and the staffs of poverty alleviation departments attended the trainings. The participants respectively went to Australia, UK and USA to attend the trainings. The contents of the training include social services in poor communities and rural cooperatives, rural sustainable development and the operation of agricultural management system, social poverty alleviation under the financial crisis, etc.

【Restoration and reconstruction of poor villages after Wenchuan Earthquake 】

1. Overall planning for post-disaster restoration and reconstruction of poor villages

　　On May 12, 2008, an earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale struck Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, causing serious loss of life and property to some regions in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. Chinese Government and people united as one and achieved periodical success in quake relief. On September 19, 2008, the Chinese government issued the “State Overall Planning for the Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction” (hereinafter “Overall Planning”), which makes overall arrangements for the relevant policies, projects and work of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction from the following aspects: reconstruction of infrastructure, reconstruction of the guiding ideology, reconstruction of basic principles, rebuilding target, spatial distribution, urban and rural housing, urban development, rural development, public services, infrastructure, industry reconstruction, disaster prevention and mitigation, environmental protection, spiritual home, policy measures, refunding, planning implementation, etc. It marked the overall launch of government-led post-disaster restoration and reconstruction.

　　In accordance with the instructions of “combining post-disaster reconstruction with poverty alleviation and development” put forward by Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, especially the important instruction of Vice Premier Hui Liangyu that the LGOP must develop the plan for post-disaster reconstruction in poor disaster areas as soon as possible, LGOP immediately conducted investigations into the disaster areas in Sichuan and explored relief measures to lead the post-disaster reconstruction work. At the same time, LGOP issued a disaster questionnaire and asked the provinces to organize survey on the situation of the poor disaster areas. Through survey statistics and field visits, it was clear about the situation of the affected poor counties, villages and poor people. Based on the in-depth investigation, LGOP held a few special meetings on the post-disaster reconstruction of the three provinces. Based on the pilot projects, through public participation and combination of part and whole, LGOP mobilized more than 100 people from the provincial and county poverty alleviation offices to complete the compilation of the "Overall Planning for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction of Poor Village" on time, involving 51 severely affected counties and 4834 poor villages, which was included into the state’s Overall Planning and rural construction planning. In the process of developing plans for the reconstruction of pilot villages, the governments of the three provinces got the support of the cadres and masses in poverty-stricken areas, especially the poor farmers actively participated in the plan design with high enthusiasm, showing the master spirit. After relatively adequate communication and coordination, the plan for post-disaster reconstruction was also affirmed by the relevant departments.

2. Pilot projects of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in 100 poor villages

　　To guide the large-scale post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in poor villages and explore a mechanism for the combination of poverty alleviation and development and post-disaster reconstruction, LGOP guided the three provinces to select 100 poor villages to carry out pilot projects of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. On September 21, 2008, the opening ceremony of the pilot projects for post-disaster restoration and reconstruction of poor villages after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake was held in Makou Village, Sandui Town, Lizhou District, Guangyuan City of Sichuan Province, and the pilot projects for post-disaster restoration and reconstruction of poor villages were officially launched. The first batch of pilot projects covered 20 villages, including ten in Sichuan, five in Gansu and four in Shaanxi; the second batch of pilot projects covered 40 villages, including 20 in Sichuan, 12 in Gansu and 8 in Shaanxi. At the same time, the whole post-disaster reconstruction project was launched. In the construction of pilot projects, The Office for Post-disaster Restoration and Reconstruction of Poor Villages of LGOP integrated resources and made overall arrangements to help these poor villages to carry out post-disaster reconstruction to recover local economic and social development to pre-disaster level, laying a foundation for sustainable development. Meanwhile, it explored mechanisms and models for the combination of post-disaster reconstruction and poverty alleviation and development, summarized the relevant experience and enriched the theory and practices of the poverty alleviation and development with Chinese characteristics.

3. Full implementation of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in poor villages

　　After the "Conference on Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction in Poor Villages and the Trainings", LGOP developed the overall plan of ensuring "completing the three-year tasks in two years" and the implementation program. The three provinces conscientiously implemented the plan and actively promoted the work. The poverty alleviation departments actively prepared the funds for reconstruction: 2266.88 million Yuan was issued in Sichuan, 854.376 million Yuan was issued in Gansu and 278.538 million Yuan was issued in Shaanxi for the reconstruction. While constructing the pilot projects in 100 poor villages, the governments of the three provinces also actively promoted the reconstruction work in all poor villages, constantly strengthened the coordination in funding, strengthened the guidance and inspection, timely reported work progress to higher authorities and explored solutions to problems. To support the overall reconstruction, in 2009, the Office for Post-disaster Restoration and Reconstruction of Poor Villages of LGOP organized six trainings in total, of which 4 covered the three provinces, 1 for Sichuan and 1 for Shaanxi. Meanwhile, it carried out participatory inspection on the first batch of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in the pilot villages, developed the "system for the supervision and management of post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in poor villages" and put it into use; and conducted a series of research work together with scientific research academies, research institutes, and international organizations.

4. Overall progress in the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in poor villages

　　As of December 30, 2009, smooth progress had been made in the funding and implementation of the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in poor villages of Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu (hereinafter three provinces), and the reconstruction projects had significant poverty reduction effects on the whole.

　　①Smooth progress was made in the reconstruction work in pilot villages

　　As of November 30, 2009, a total of 29.358 million Yuan, of which 15.44 million Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds, 4.05 million Yuan was UNDP project funds, and 9.868 million Yuan was other funds (including reconstruction funds, counterpart assistance funds, sectoral integrated funds and other donor funding, the same below), were provided for the first batch of 14 pilot villages (10 included in the LGOP pilot villages) in Sichuan Province, averagely 2.097 million Yuan for each village. All the reconstruction projects organized by poverty alleviation departments have been completed. For the second batch of 20 pilot villages, a total of 17.9936 million Yuan was provided, including financial anti-poverty funds of 10 million Yuan, Oxfam Hong Kong funds of 4.5136 million Yuan and other funds of 3.48 million Yuan, averagely 899,700 Yuan for each village. The projects have been launched in 18 pilot villages. The name list of the third batch of 20 pilot villages has been determined and some villages have begun the development of village-level planning and will complete the planning development by the end of January. It is estimated that financial anti-poverty funds of 500,000 Yuan and Oxfam project funds of 1 million Yuan will be invested in each village, but it is hard to estimate how much other funds will be put in.

　　As of December 31, 2009, the reconstruction of the first batch of five pilot villages in Gansu Province had been basically completed. A total of 14.028 million Yuan was provided for the pilot projects, including financial anti-poverty funds of 7.78 million Yuan, UNDP project funds of 1.825 million Yuan and other funds of 4.423 million Yuan, averagely 2.806 million Yuan for each village. 100% of the housing, infrastructure and the projects promoting the income growth of farmers have been completed. For the second batch of 12 pilot villages, a total of 18.924 million Yuan was invested, including financial anti-poverty funds of 6 million Yuan, Oxfam HK funds of 10.88 million Yuan and other funds of 2.044 million Yuan, averagely 1.577 million Yuan for each village. The project proposals for the reconstruction of nine pilot villages have been approved and the other three project proposals are on the procedures of being approved. The village-level plan for the reconstruction of the third batch of 12 pilot villages has been developed. It is estimated that financial anti-poverty funds of 500,000 Yuan and Oxfam HK funds of 1 million Yuan will be put in each village. It is hard to forecast how much other funds will be raised.

　　As of December 31, 2009, a total of 21.603 million Yuan had been provided for the reconstruction of the first batch of pilot villages (4 included in LGOP pilot villages), of which 5 million Yuan was financial anti-poverty funds, 1.46 million Yuan was UNDP project funds and 15.143 million Yuan was other funds, averagely 3.6 million Yuan for each village. Except the mutual funds project that is going through the related formalities, all the projects have been completed. For the second batch of 8 pilot villages, a total of 19.11 million Yuan was provided, including financial anti-poverty funds of 4 million Yuan, Oxfam HK funds of 8 million and other funds of 7.11 million Yuan, averagely 2.39 million Yuan for each village. One village has comprehensively completed the construction projects and passed the examination and acceptance, three villages’ project proposals have been approved and the bidding work has been completed, and the other four villages’ project proposals are on the procedures of being approved. The village-level plan for the reconstruction of the third batch of 8 pilot villages has been developed and 4 of the pilot villages are conducting budgeting check work. It is estimated that a total of 14.84 million Yuan will be invested in each village, including financial anti-poverty funds of 500,000 Yuan, Oxfam HK funds of 1 million and other funds of 2.847 million Yuan, averagely 1.855 million Yuan for each village.

　　②Smooth progress was made in the reconstruction work in other affected poor villages

　　Except the three batches of pilot projects, a total of 2266.88 million Yuan was invested in the reconstruction of 2462 poor villages, averagely 921,000 Yuan for each village. Among the 2462 villages, 2352 have launched the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction projects, accounting for 95.5% of the total (exceeded the annual plan of 70%), and 587 have completed the reconstruction projects (685 by the end of December).

　　Except the three batches of pilot projects, a total of 854.376 million Yuan was invested in 1782 poor villages (if the administrative villages were merged or adjusted, calculate the average figure based on the former village number before merging) for the reconstruction, averagely 479,000 Yuan for each village. Among the 1782 villages, 1290 have launched the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction projects, accounting for 72.4% of the total.

　　Except the three batches of pilot projects, a total of 278.538 million Yuan was put in the reconstruction of 485 poor villages ((if the administrative villages were merged or adjusted, calculate the average figure based on the former village number before merging), averagely 574,000 Yuan for each village. Among the 485 villages, 349 have launched the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction projects, accounting for 72.0% of the total.