（III）Basic Experience in Poverty Alleviation and Development

　　China is a populous developing country and is a major practitioner of the cause of global poverty reduction. After the founding of New China, especially since reform and opening up, China has witnessed sustained and rapid economic development and people’s living standard has been constantly improved, laying a solid foundation for the development of poverty alleviation. While promoting economic development, in the 1980s, the Chinese government implemented organized, planned, large-scale poverty alleviation and development and created, based on China’s situation, a development-oriented poverty alleviation model featured "government leadership, social participation, self-reliance and overall development". The food and clothing problem of more than 200 million rural poor has been solved. It is not only a great event in the history of China, but has made a great contribution to global poverty reduction. Reviewing the history of China’s development and poverty reduction, we conclude the following basic experiences of China:

　　First, adhere to urban- rural coordination and implement reciprocal policy, forming large-scale poverty alleviation Since the 16th CPC National Congress, the state has implemented the guideline of coordinating urban and rural development, promoting agriculture by industry and boosting rural development by urban growth. Meanwhile, it has implemented reciprocal policy on agriculture and constantly increased the intensity of policies benefiting the agriculture, which has effectively promoted the process of equalization of basic public services in poverty-stricken areas. In 2007, rural minimum living security system was established nationwide and a new pattern of "two-wheel drive" integrating development-oriented poverty alleviation and social relief was formed. Since 2004, the state has significantly accelerated the pace of poverty reduction and reversed the situation of slowing down and lingering in the first three years after the implementation of the “Outline”.

　　Secondly, adhere to government leadership and constantly increase investment and efforts in poverty alleviation and development in various forms Government leadership is mainly reflected in: First, set up institutions and develop programs. The Chinese government once formulated the "Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program" and the "Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China's Rural Areas (2001-2010)". Secondly, identify key areas. The key areas expanded from 18 contiguous poverty-stricken areas to 592 counties, and then to 150,000 poor villages. Thirdly, make clear standards. The government set the poverty line of 206 Yuan for the first time in 1986 and the low-income poverty line of 865 Yuan in 2000, and changed the poverty line to 1196 Yuan in 2009. Fourthly, provide financial support and loan support. From 2001 to 2009, the central government provided a total of 11.17 million Yuan (including work-relief funds) of financial anti-poverty funds and mobilized poverty alleviation loans of nearly 100 billion Yuan through providing financial discount.

　　Government-led poverty alleviation is in four forms: special poverty alleviation, fixed-point poverty alleviation, East-West pairing-off cooperation for poverty reduction and industrial poverty alleviation, which constantly change with the historic development. Special poverty relief work began in 1986, when the fixed-point poverty alleviation program of central government organs was also launched. So far, a total of 272 government organs, institutions, enterprises and units have provided assistance for 481 key counties through fixed-point poverty alleviation program. In 1994, the state organized the implementation of the "Seven-Year Priority Poverty Alleviation Program" and launched the East-West pairing-off cooperation for poverty reduction. According to the requirements of Comrade Deng Xiaoping of “two overall situations”, we should allow some people and some regions get rich first in order to stimulate and help the poor people and backward areas. Currently, 15 coastal developed provinces and cities have built pairing-off cooperative relationship with 11 undeveloped provinces and regions in the western areas in poverty alleviation. Since the guideline of "promoting agriculture by industry and promoting rural development by urban growth" was put forward by the 16th CPC National Congress in 2002, various departments have increased their investment in impoverished areas, gradually forming the pattern of industrial poverty alleviation.

　　Thirdly, adhere to social participation and promote international cooperation to form strong cohesion force for poverty reduction and development. Mobilize the army and armed police, Communist Youth League, the Women’s Federation and democratic parties to carry out various distinctive poverty alleviation activities with their own advantages. The participation of private economy and NGOs has not only increased the resources of poverty relief, but also promoted the understanding and trust between various regions and social classes and promoted social harmony as well. China is active in international cooperation and exchanges in the field of poverty reduction to play a special role in poverty alleviation diplomacy.

　　Fourthly, adhere to self-reliance and increase the degree of organization to stimulate the inherent vitality of poor areas for development. The grassroots organizations in poor areas, as the fighting forces, lead cadres and the masses to carry forward the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle, actively contribute ideas and exert efforts as masters, and initiatively put in labors. Participatory entire village advancement projects have been widely implemented and rural cooperatives have witnessed gradual development. The number of mutual fund organizations in poor villages rose from 319 in 2006 to 9003 in 2009 and the number of the rural households receiving credit loan support increased from 1.52 million in 2001 to 1.97 million. The self-development and self-management capacity of poor farmers has been gradually improved.

　　Fifthly, emancipate our minds and actively explore new ways to continuously improve the level of anti-poverty work. In 2009, the government raised the poverty line to 1196 Yuan of rural per capita net income. The targets of poverty alleviation were expanded to 40.07 million and pro-poor policies were comprehensively implemented for rural low-income people. It has constantly improved the anti-poverty fund management system, reformed anti-poverty discount loan management system and improved the capacity of the poor to participate in public affairs. While continuously focusing on the poverty of a few contiguous impoverished areas, the eastern provinces have shifted the work focus to improving the living standards of low-income population, stabilizing the development capacity, narrowing the internal development gap and exploring a new path for national poverty alleviation and development.