Ⅲ. Local Poverty Alleviation I
Ⅲ. Local Poverty Alleviation
Overview
In 2013, to fully implement the central spirit, taking contiguous poor areas, key counties for poverty alleviation and impoverished villages as the main battlefields, giving priority to accelerating the development of impoverished regions and promoting the income growth of the poor, through special poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation and social poverty alleviation, various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) further promoted the poverty-relief relocation, entire village advancement, food for work, industry poverty alleviation, employment promotion, old revolutionary base area building and the pilot work of poverty alleviation, constantly improved the infrastructure in impoverished areas and further enhanced the levels of public services. As a result, the economic and social development showed a good trend, the growth of rural per capita net income of the key counties continued to exceed the national average, rural poverty reduction targets were further reduced and new achievements were made in poverty alleviation and development.
Over the past year, the central government investment in special poverty alleviation continued to increase sharply, amounting to 39.4 billion yuan. Plus the central lottery funds of 1.2 billion yuan, the total anti-poverty funds amounted to 40.6 billion yuan, reaching the highest level in history. Meanwhile, the state launched the reform of anti-poverty fund management mechanism, steadily promoted the performance evaluation of financial anti-poverty funds, steadily implemented the “12th Five-year Plan for Poverty Alleviation and Development by Entire Village Advancement”, involving 11,000 impoverished villages and 120 poor towns; successfully implemented the “12th Five-year Plan for Poverty Alleviation by Relocation”, involving 573,000 rural poor residents in the areas with harsh living conditions, and further promoted the implementation of the “12th Five-year Plan for Food for Work”. Under the guideline of “promote poverty alleviation and development by regional development and boosting regional development by poverty alleviation and development”, the State Council approved the implementation of the regional development and poverty alleviation plans for 11 contiguous poor areas including Wuling Mountain Area and comprehensively launched the key-problem tackling for poverty reduction in contiguous poor areas. We actively carried out pilot reform of the “Rain Plan” implementation mode, provided direct cash subsidies for more than 400,000 poverty-stricken vocational students, steadily expanded the pilot area of mutual funds for poor villages, launched pilot projects in more than 21,000 villages of over 1300 counties, continued to implement lottery funds-supported poverty alleviation projects and arranged a total of 1.2 billion
yuan for 128 old revolutionary base counties of 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities); basically completed the preparation of provincial industrial poverty alleviation plans, comprehensively launched the pilot project in Fuping of Yanshan – Taihang Mountain Area, the pilot project of poverty alleviation by developing sheep industry in Jishishan County and the sheep breeding project in Dongxiang County; actively promoted the pilot work of “transformation of overhead cable into bridge” and the pilot special poverty alleviation projects in Weining of Guizhou, Aba, Daliangshan and Xiaoliangshan of Sichuan, Dingxi of Gansu, arid zones in central Ningxia and border areas of Xinjiang; and coordinated the relevant ministries and commissions to support the poverty alleviation and development work in Fuping of Hebei and Linxia of Gansu, etc. Nine provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) promulgated and implemented the “Regulations on Poverty Alleviation and Development Work”.
Various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) seriously studied and implemented the important instructions of the new central collective leadership on poverty alleviation and development, increased efforts on key-problem tackling for poverty reduction and made innovations to the poverty alleviation and development mechanism to enhance the endogenous motivation of development. First, the provincial (autonomous regional and municipal) government attached great importance to it. The main party and government leaders of Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps carried out field research in the poor areas to guide the anti-poverty work, the provincial governments and party committees held high-level meetings, issued guidance documents and made overall deployments on the poverty alleviation and development. Shandong Province strengthened the poverty alleviation institution building and Qinghai arranged special poverty alleviation cadres in all the towns in the province. Second, increased investment in poverty alleviation significantly. The central government funding for poverty alleviation rose by 18.7% and the provincial anti-poverty funds increased by 24%, and the growth rate in Qinghai, Henan, Fujian, Hunan and Xinjiang exceeded the national average level. Third, targeted poverty alleviation. Guangdong Province launch a new round of “Shuangdao” work. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shaanxi and Xinjiang improved the card filing system and targeted at specific impoverished households in poverty reduction. Inner Mongolia, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Chongqing and Guizhou arranged provincial leaders to contact the key counties and strengthened the measures of cadres’ village staying, contacting and supporting. Taking poverty alleviation and development as an important part of the “Shuangdao” program, Gansu Province arranged more than 400,000 cadres at all levels to support more than 600,000 poverty-stricken households. Fourth, actively explored effective ways for hoursehold poverty reduction. Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Ningxia took relocation as the starting point, Shanxi, Hubei, Henan and Guizhou focused on industrial poverty alleviation, Gansu and Liaoning took vocational education as the carrier and actively implemented the household poverty reduction policies. Fifth, put efforts to promote key-problem tackling for poverty alleviation in contiguous poor areas. Various provinces completed the preparation of the implementation planning for poverty reduction in local contiguous poor areas and implemented the planning. Jilin, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Tibet introduced policies to support the key areas for poverty reduction in local area. Guangxi, Yunnan and Guizhou held the joint meeting of government leaders. Provincial Political Consultative Conferences of Henan, Hubei and Hunan established the liaison system to strengthen the inter-provincial coordination. Sixth, the eastern provinces made active explorations. While continuing with the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation and the counterpart support work, they actively promoted local poverty reduction, summarized a lot of new experience and started the construction of three eastern pilot areas for poverty alleviation reform in Qingyuan of Guangdong, Lishui of Zhejiang and Fuxin of Liaoning.
Poverty Alleviation and Development in Hebei Province
【Overview】In 2013, adhering to the development-oriented poverty alleviation and development, aiming at improving the production and living conditions of the masses, increasing farmers' income and improving public services, Hebei Province targeted at the poor, vigorously promoted the construction of demonstration zones of key-problem tackling for poverty reduction around the capital, pushed forward the implementation of the regional development and poverty alleviation planning for Yanshan - Taihang Mountain Area and the Black Dragon River Basin, promoted the special poverty alleviation, industry poverty alleviation and social poverty alleviation and put a lot of efforts to consolidate and develop the grand pattern of poverty reduction. The province invested a total of nearly 30 billion yuan of anti-poverty funds to help 120,000 poor households establish projects that generate stable income, reducing the poor by one million; and completed the relocation of 8225 people, the labor trainings of 16,000 people and the labor transfer of 12,000 people, greatly improving the overall appearances of 3688 key poor villages.
【Investment of poverty-relief funds】In 2013, the province invested nearly 30 billion yuan of anti-poverty funds in total, of which 2.326 billion yuan was central and provincial financial anti-poverty funds (including 1.226 billion yuan from the central government and 1.1 billion yuan from the provincial government). According to the provincial government’s requirements that “the cities and key counties concerned must use more than 1% of the local public budget revenue and the demonstration zone counties for poverty reduction around the capital must use more than 2% of the local public budget revenue every year for poverty alleviation and development”, the nine cities and 65 key counties allocated a total of 730 billion yuan of anti-poverty funds; relevant departments and social forces put in 1.3 billion yuan, 22.8 billion yuan of department financial resources and credit loans were integrated and the poor raised 2.84 billion yuan by themselves as well. More than 70% of the central and provincial poverty-relief funds were used to support production projects, involving the facility breeding projects of 98,000 poor households and the facility planting and efficient forest and fruit projects of 105,000 poor households. Held 422 training courses for 16400 people, covering 2102 impoverished villages. Through increasing financial investment of poverty-relief funds, we implemented a large number of industrial and infrastructure projects to benefit the people, greatly improving the public services and the production and living conditions of the masses in poor areas.
【Management of poverty-relief funds】In the distribution of financial anti-poverty funds,
Hebei Province mainly adopted the factor method - 40% for the poverty reduction objects, 30% for rural per capital net income, 20% for per capita financial resources and 10% for impoverished villages, supplemented by competition reply, substituting subsidies with rewards and performance evaluation to ensure the fair distribution of poverty-relief funds. In the management of anti-poverty funds, the province implemented five systems: All the counties with poverty alleviation projects launched had to implement the pre-construction publicity, post-construction announcement and the reimbursement system for the project construction sites, contents and scale, project funding, support objects and the completion examination and acceptance to make all links of the distribution, management and use of the anti-poverty funds transparent. Meanwhile, the municipal poverty alleviation offices were required to inform the key villages the content, funding and objects of the poverty-relief projects of relevant counties, the village poverty alleviation project monitoring team shall call out supervision on the work, registered the poor villages and poor households, established the “overall situation of poverty alleviation and development” of impoverished villages to ensure the provision of relevant projects, funds, technology and support. One card was made for each poor household receiving support of the anti-poverty funds and all the cards were in the same style. The card numbers were given with the county as a unit and the cards should be kept by the impoverished households. The villages’ “two committee” cadres should register each household poverty reduction projects to receive mass and social supervision. The provincial and city poverty alleviation offices also set up the poverty alleviation project funding supervision and inspection agencies to carry out inspection and supervision on the allocation of the anti-poverty funds and the completion and acceptation of the projects to ensure the smooth implementation of poverty alleviation projects.
【Infrastructure construction】In 2013, Hebei Province arranged a total of 190 million yuan in the infrastructure construction for industrial income-generating projects, of which: 86.32 million yuan was invested in field road construction, involving cement road building of 319 kilometers and field brick road building of 141600 cubic meters for farming project zones in 1240 key villages; and 100 million yuan was invested in the construction of water conservancy and electric projects, mainly supporting 877 key villages to dig or repair 782 motor-pumped wells in farming project zones, build 513 water cellars or impounding reservoirs, 25.2 kilometers of canals, 409 kilometers of seepage-proofing canals, 21 water tanks, five drinking water facilities for human and animals, 1300 mu of sprinkling irrigation areas, three pumping stations and one small reservoir, repair 4 kilometers of dams and 19 culverts, purchase 102 sets of 30KW water pumps and 31 25KW sinking pumps, erect 32 kilometers of electric transmission lines and install 106 sets of transformers, etc.
【Poverty alleviation in contiguous poor areas】In 2013, Hebei Province put in a total of
1.96 billion yuan of special anti-poverty funds for the contiguous poor areas in Yanshan – Taihang Mountains, of which 580 million yuan was from the central government, 30% up, and 1.38 billion yuan was the provincial, city and county governments’ matching funds. Meanwhile, in the allocation of provincial matching funds, we gave priority to the construction of poverty alleviation demonstration zones around the capital. In order to speed up the construction of the demonstration zones, in addition to an additional funding 15%, the provincial government also allocated 50 million yuan of special anti-poverty funds for each of the ten counties around Beijing to support the construction of financing platform, encourage the issuance of credit loans and develop the industries and social undertakings that enrich people and increase income. The cities and counties where the contiguous poor areas are located all used more than 1% of the local public fiscal budget revenue for special poverty alleviation and development and the province established the mechanism for the stable growth of financial transfer payments for the contiguous poor areas. Meanwhile, the provincial government implemented the fiscal system policy of “an approved base, overcharges return and lasting for four years” in provincial sharing of VAT, sales tax and corporate income tax in the key counties for poverty alleviation and development within the contiguous poor counties. In addition, as for financial support, the government supported the financial agencies in contiguous poor counties to increase loanable funds by more than 70% for local use, implemented the preferential tax for agriculture-related loans and provided targeted cost subsidies and incremental rewards, etc. As for investment, governments at the county level or below (including the county) are no longer required to provide matching funds for the public projects arranged by the central and provincial governments.
【Entire village advancement】In 2013, to optimize the agricultural structure, promote the
industrialization process, strengthen the infrastructure construction and improve farmers' income level, Hebei Province increased investment in poverty reduction, vigorously implemented the entire village advancement projects and made considerable progress in various undertakings. We launched entire village advancement projects in 2848 key villages (including 1612 poor villages covered by the national poverty alleviation planning), invested a total of 8.33 billion yuan in the program, of which 3.7 billion yuan was integrated funds of other sectors, 2.69 billion yuan was labor inputs of the masses and owners’ financing, 920 million yuan was central government’s anti-poverty funds, 380 million yuan was provincial funds, 140 million yuan was municipal funds and 480 million yuan was county government investment. Relying on the provincial government’s activity of grassroots construction year and the rural appearance improvement activity, we mainly supported 2472 of the 2848 impoverished villages covered by the entire village advancement program with an investment of 4.89 billion yuan, 1.98 million yuan per village, and did ten practical things for the villages, namely the provision of safe drinking water, road hardening, standardization construction of clinics, garbage treatment, safe use of electricity, telecommunication and postal communication, cultural and sports resources sharing project, renovation of rural dangerous houses, environment improvement and one product for one village, achieving the goal of layout optimization, residential landscaping, road hardening, village afforestation, water purification, clean sanitation, street lighting and service optimization.
【Ex-situ relocation for poverty alleviation】In 2013, Hebei Province invested a total of 95.07 million yuan of financial anti-poverty funds for the construction of 41 immigrants communities, including 26 communities with more than 40 households and 15 communities with 20-39 households, and relocated 2425 households and 8825 people. In accordance with the overall requirements of “affordable relocation, stable development and possibility for becoming rich”, we vigorously implemented the post-relocation industry support and labor skills training to ensure that the relocated households will shake off poverty steadily.
【Industry poverty alleviation】In 2013, in accordance with the requirements for the use of
anti-poverty funds, to ensure 70% of the financial anti-poverty funds would be invested in industrial development, taking projects as the carriers, Hebei Province targeted at the poor and vigorously implemented the participatory poverty alleviation. In Heilonggang Region, we vigorously developed facility vegetable industry mainly in Raoyang, Fucheng and Xianxian County; in Taihang Mountain Area, we mainly developed quality dry and fresh fruit industries in Lincheng, Pingshan, Zanhuang, Fuping and Laiyuan. In Yanshan Mountains, we vigorously developed edible mushroom industry in Pingquan and Weichang. In some other poor counties, we developed the red jujube, apricot, fattening pig, cattle, rabbit, laying hen, bee and other poverty alleviation projects based on local conditions. Throughout the year, the central and provincial governments put in 1.53 billion yuan of anti-poverty funds to directly support 200,000 households to develop income-generating industrial projects. In poor counties, we increased 210,000 mu of fruit and forest area, 306,000 mu of facility vegetable and melon planting area, 4600 edible mushroom greenhouses, 5 million ducks, 3.6 million chickens and 16,000 cows, and supported 8200 needy students to receive education.
【Rain Plan】In 2013, Hebei Province invested a total of 26.07 million yuan of anti-poverty
funds for the Rain Plan, of which 10.09 million yuan was used for labor transfer trainings of 16,300 people and the transfer employment of 12,600 people; 10.59 million yuan was used to support practical agricultural skills trainings of 129,200 person-times; 4.57 million yuan was used to support the entrepreneurship training (including the trainings of village cadres and leaders in becoming rich) and other trainings for 15,100 people, and 19.35 million yuan was put in the pilot reform of the Rain Plan, subsidizing a total of 10,762 people.
【Pilot program of mutual funds】In 2013, under the guidance of the No.103 Document, adhering to the positive guideline for the pilot work of mutual funds, focusing on standardization and improvement, Hebei Province implemented three mechanisms to consolidate the results of the pilot work, namely the village determination through competition, substituting subsidies with rewards and adjustment and withdrawal mechanism, tackled key problems in the work, improved the pilot work assessment system and further enhanced the standardization level of the pilot work to promote the healthy and order development of the pilot work. In 2013, the pilot mutual funds project was planned to be launched in 1208 impoverished villages and the total mutual funds amounted to 243 million yuan (including 212 million yuan of central financial anti-poverty funds, 30 million yuan paid by rural households as participation fee of the mutual-aid society and one million yuan of other funds). There were 330100 permanent households (including 245400 poverty-stricken households) in the pilot villages and 122400 households participated in the mutual funds (including 102700 impoverished households, accounting for 83.9% of the total), and the mutual-aid society participation rate of the rural households was 33.7%. In 2013, the pilot villages issued a total of 528 million yuan of loans for 123,200 farmers (including 112600 from impoverished households), a total of 441 million yuan was repaid, the maturity repayment rate was 99.8%, and the income per household increased by 700 yuan.
【Pilot project of public lottery funds】In 2013, LGOP allocated 125 million yuan of central lottery funds to support the pilot program of entire village advancement in the old revolutionary base areas of Hebei Province and launched the pilot work of entire village advancement in 104 villages of 10 counties. The project was constructed for two years, involving infrastructure construction, environmental and public service facility construction and industrial development in impoverished villages. The ten pilot counties raised a total of 307 million yuan, of which 125 million yuan was central lottery funds, 137 million yuan was department funds and 45 million yuan was raised by the masses, and 1388 projects were launched.
【Construction of old revolutionary base areas】In 2013, Hebei Province increased inputs
in the old revolutionary base areas and issued 1.86 billion yuan of central and provincial anti-poverty funds for 60 old revolutionary base areas, up 23% over the previous year, accelerating the poverty reduction in the old revolutionary base areas.
【Food for work】In 2013, a total of 255 million yuan of food-for-work funds was invested
in Hebei Province for the implementation of 208 projects, covering 46 national poor counties (districts) and the contiguous poor counties in Yanshan – Taihang Mountain Area. The province established a number of rural small infrastructure construction projects, including the basic farmland building, small irrigation, rural roads, comprehensive development of contiguous poor areas and the improvement of ecological environment, effectively improving the production and living conditions in poor areas; Completed the construction of 15 mu of farmland, 200,000 mu of small water conservancy and irrigated area improvement area, the construction of 820 kilometers of county and rural roads, the comprehensive improvement of 50,000 mu of contiguous poor areas and the governance of 6.08 square kilometers of small watersheds, etc. The province issued 47.3 million yuan of remuneration for personal services in the Food for Work Project, used a total of 680,000 rural farmer workers, provided temporary jobs for the surplus labors in impoverished areas and directly increased the income of poor farmers.
【Improvement of social security system】In 2013, Hebei Province registered the identified
poor in 65 contiguous poor counties and key counties as well as nine non-key counties with a heavy anti-poverty task based on three types – objects of the minimum living security system, objects of poverty reduction and the overlapped objects. Based on the effective convergence of two systems for poverty reduction objects and the card establishing for archives of the poor, according to the requirement of “One Product for One Village”, we used the market mechanism to promote poverty alleviation and development and, aiming at poverty reduction objects, reformed the mode of operation to ensure sustained and stable income of the poor. The civil affairs departments are required to guarantee the basic living of the poor in accordance with the relevant policies. Meanwhile, poverty alleviation departments increased support for the masses returning to poverty due to disasters. Last year, they issued a total of 9 million yuan of relief funds (including 6 million yuan from the central government and 3 million yuan from the provincial government) to support the post-disaster restoration and reconstruction in the key counties seriously affected by rain and snow disasters.
【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】In 2013, Hebei held in Fengning County of Chengde City the work conference on fixed-point poverty alleviation of central organs, summarized the experience and results of the fixed-point poverty alleviation and discussed how to carry out the counterpart support in future. In 2013, the central organs sent 44 cadres to the twinned poor areas and directly invested 28.595 million yuan, helped local areas introduce 550 million yuan of various kinds of funds for the implementation of 114 projects; held 165 training courses for 12554 person-times, including 1242 party and government cadres, 1877 technicians, 1290 rural leaders in becoming rich and 8142 rural labors, and helped local areas transfer labors for 1364 person-times. The fixed-point poverty alleviation was participated by a total of 410 provincial units, 1664 municipal units and 4065 county units, and supported a total of 80 counties, including 62 key counties (contiguous poor counties) for anti-poverty work and 18 other counties with key impoverished villages for poverty reduction. The provincial aiding units sent a total of 428 poverty alleviation cadres to directly support 716 poor villages, put in a total of 380 million yuan of anti-poverty funds in the whole year, including 310 million yuan in cash and 75.6 million yuan in kind, and coordinated the introduction of 900 million yuan of funds and 3159 projects.
【Poverty alleviation by army and armed police forces】In 2013, Hebei Province held a
work conference on the army’s participation in poverty alleviation and development work, issued
the “Opinions on the Participation of the Armies in Hebei Province in Poverty Alleviation and Development” and the “Work Plan 2012-2015”, and implemented six projects, namely the fixed-point village poverty reduction, infrastructure construction, ecological governance, poverty
alleviation by science and education, medical support and spiritual civilization construction. Every
army unit above the level of regiment in the province was required to support one poor or backward village. The armies did a lot of work to benefit the farmers, put in a total of 11.5 million yuan of relief funds, coordinated the introduction of 25.677 million yuan of relief funds, built roads of 193.65 kilometers, nine bridges and 37 wells (impounding reservoirs), supported the construction of the two committees’ offices, 81 clinics, libraries and cultural activity centers (squares), helped 23 primary schools improve the teaching conditions, supported 3395 needy students, organized free diagnosis for 62 times and organized 12,000 officials, soldiers, militiamen and reservists to support the remediation of environment, greatly improving the production and living conditions of the poor villages.
【Poverty alleviation institution and team building】In 2013, with the original offices’ basic functions remaining unchanged, Hebei Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office integrated the offices and divided them into four working groups under the unified planning to constantly improve work efficiency. As a result, the party cadres had a more solid sense of service, higher work efficiency and better work style. To strengthen institutional construction, the government issued the “Opinions on Overcoming ‘Four Trends’ and Improving the Work Style” and some other rules and regulations and strictly followed the relevant regulations and procedures in dealing with relevant affairs, initially establishing an efficiency, effective working mechanism. To improve the overall quality of cadres, we proposed to deepen "three improvements" (improvement of the quality, efficiency and level) and enhance "three consciousness" (honorary sense, sense of responsibility, sense of competition), creating a good atmosphere for uniting as one. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the provincial government, we actively carried out standardized management of relevant institutions, developed 25 quality management system program documents, established 57 basic work systems, identified 182 job record forms and successfully passed the Quality Mark Certification Group's ISO / 9001: 2008 standard certifications.
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