Ⅳ. Industrial Poverty Alleviation I
Ⅳ. Industrial Poverty Alleviation
(I)Summary
In 2013, 34 government departments, enterprises and institutions undertaking anti-poverty
task earnestly implemented the overall deployments made by the Central Committee of the CPC
and the State Council on the poverty alleviation and development work in the new era, promoted the implementation of the important policy measures determined by the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020), made overall deployments, gave full play to their respective advantages, helped poor areas develop featured industries, carried out poverty reduction by science and technology, improved the infrastructure, developed education and culture, improved public health, strengthened population service management, improved the social security system, promoted energy and ecological environment construction and made steady progress in promoting industrial poverty alleviation across the country, significantly improving the appearance of rural poor areas.
On the whole, giving full play to their respective advantages, the relevant departments and units played a very important role in formulating the development planning for rural poor areas, implementing industrial poverty alleviation, technical support, educational support, financial aid and social and cultural support projects. Throughout the year, the rural poor areas supported by 34 departments and units witnessed further social and economic development, local farmers’ income further increased, local rural infrastructure was improved, and the rural basic education, culture, health and ecological environment were all improved significantly.
Guide the preparation of development plans. Giving full play to their respective advantages, the relevant departments and units guided, prepared and implemented the development planning of impoverished regions, drawing the development blueprint of rural poor areas from a strategic perspective. The National Development and Reform Commission guided various provinces to prepare the provincial plan for poverty reduction in contiguous destitute areas, completed the recording review of the provincial plans for regional development and poverty reduction in 41 contiguous destitute areas with special difficulties jointly with the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP), actively gave play to the role of the fixed-point liaison mechanism with 13 related departments to constantly increase support for contiguous destitute areas. To accelerate the urban construction in contiguous destitute areas and other impoverished regions, to enhance the urban population concentration ability and promote the process of urbanization, the Ministry of Civil Affairs made three adjustments to the administrative division above county level: Renamed Nankang City in Ganzhou of Jiangxi Province in Luoxiao Mountain Area as Nankang District, set up Enshi District in Bazhou District of Bazhong City in Sichuan Province in Qinba Mountain Area, and renamed Haidong District of Qinghai Province in Liupan Mountain Area as Haidong City. The Ministry of Commerce included supporting the market construction and trade development in border and minority areas into the “’12th Five-year Plan’ for Domestic Trade Development” (Guo Ban Fa No.[2012] 47) and proposed to “vigorously support the development of border and minority areas, establish a number of border trading markets, commodity markets and regional trade centers with ethnic and local characteristics and support the development of special commodity and minority nationality trade in minority areas”.
Promote rural economic development. Based on the actual situation in poor areas, various departments and units gave priority to impoverished regions in the allocation of preferential policies, aid funds and projects and vigorously supported the economic development in poor areas to enhance the level of development. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development coordinated and boosted the development of construction labors and featured industries in nine key counties for poverty reduction, including Gushi County of Henan Province, supported Tuanfeng County of Hubei Province to develop steel structure industry, enhancing the county’s industrial structure and achieving considerable economic benefits and tax revenue. The Ministry of Land and Resources increased support for impoverished areas in terms of planning, policy, project, funding and human resources, promoted the implementation of the “Several Opinions of the Ministry of Land and Resources on Supporting the Regional Development and Poverty Reduction in Contiguous destitute areas” (Guo Tu Zi Fa No.[2012] 122) and achieved remarkable results. The Ministry of Agriculture raised the subsidy standard for purchase of agricultural machinery, covering all agricultural and husbandry counties (farms) across the country, and continued to implement the subsidy policy for grassland ecological protection in the semi-pastoral and pastoral counties (districts) of 13 provinces (autonomous regions). People’s Bank of China guided financial institutions to increase credit loans for poor areas. The reserve ratios for rural cooperative banks and rural credit cooperatives were respectively 5.5 and 6 percentage points lower than that for large commercial banks. Meanwhile, People’s Bank of China increased quota adjustment for agriculture-supporting reloans and rediscount to mobilize the enthusiasm of rural financial agencies for increasing credit loans for “three rural issues”. Targeting at the western impoverished regions, the All China Women’s Federation (ACWF) carried out demonstration base construction and technological poverty reduction work and invested more than 9 million yuan to support the construction of 152 “national heroine modern agricultural technology demonstration bases” and “March 8th green projects” in 20 central and western provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) and central enterprises provided guarantee and services for electric power, telecommunications, oil and gas, grain and cotton, salt, transport and infrastructure, which are related to national economy and the people’s livelihood and, through industrial development, creating jobs and joint development by local governments and businesses, supported the economic and social development in impoverished regions.
Promote the development of science and technology. Giving full play to their technical advantages, to meet the needs of rural poor areas, the Ministry of Science, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Agriculture targeted at the poor and did a lot to improve the efficiency and level of technical resources. Taking the “Spark Program 30 Minutes” as the main carrier, the Ministry of Science and Technology accelerated the spreading of new technological achievements in poor areas to increase farmers’ income and lift the masses out of poverty. To enhance grassroots innovation and entrepreneurial ability and promote the development of county pillar industries, the Ministry of Science and Technology carried out poverty alleviation by science and technology and transferred advantageous technological resources into the endogenous power of the development in poor areas, significantly improving the self-development ability of impoverished regions. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology coordinated the integration of industrial resources and gave instructions on the technological transformation of enterprises, small and medium enterprise development, the establishment of public service platform, Chinese herbal medicine production, cleaner production of enterprises, etc. The Ministry of Agriculture established fast-track of “expert - agricultural technicians - technology demonstration households” for the transformation and application of agricultural science and technology achievements, established the county, township and village agricultural science experiment and demonstration network and organized relevant chief experts in the field of agronomy, horticulture, animal husbandry, fisheries and agricultural machinery to help 14 contiguous destitute areas select 331 agricultural suitable varieties and 191 agricultural applicable technologies, accelerating the promotion and application of good agricultural varieties and advanced technologies.
Develop rural basic education. In 2013, the central government allocated about 82.84 billion yuan to support the compulsory education funds safeguard mechanism reform in rural areas and further raised the benchmark quota of public funds for rural primary and secondary schools, 560 yuan per primary school student and 760 yuan per junior middle school student in the central and western regions. Through comprehensively strengthening basic education, accelerating the development of modern vocational education, improving service capacity of higher education, raising the subsidy standards for needy students and improving the level of educational informationization , the Ministry of Education accelerated the development of education and human resource development. In 2013, approximately 120 million rural compulsory education students nationwide were exempted from petty expenses and received free textbooks, and about 12.6 million boarding students from needy families in the central and western regions received subsidies. The central government allocated 12.036 billion yuan to support the implementation of free tuition policy for urban compulsory education in local areas and safeguard migrant children’s equal access to compulsory education. In 2013, about 27.25 million urban students enjoyed free compulsory education and received relevant subsidies, and 13.94 million migrant children got the opportunity to receive compulsory education in the city.
Promote infrastructure construction. Infrastructure in poor rural areas is generally backward, hindering the rapid economic and social development in local areas. It is the general consensus and common initiatives of relevant departments and units in poverty alleviation to accelerate infrastructure construction in rural areas. The Ministry of Transport arranged 71.5 billion yuan of vehicle purchase tax funds to support the construction of nearly 26,000 km of national and provincial highways in 14 contiguous destitute areas and allocated 48.1 billion yuan of vehicle purchase tax funds to support the construction of approximately 66,000 km of rural roads in 14 contiguous destitute areas, directly addressing the traffic problem of 12,000 administrative villages. The Ministry of Education arranged 31.8 billion yuan of special funds to support the construction of canteens and ancillary facilities in rural primary and secondary schools, the construction of boarding schools in the areas concentrated with left-behind children and the expansion and transformation of county and township big classes, and donated books, music, art and sports equipment, teaching and experimental equipment as well as multimedia teaching equipment for needy schools. Giving full play to its advantages in water conservancy field, the Ministry of Water Resources continued to strengthen the water conservancy construction in poor areas and, focusing on the implementation of rural drinking water projects, farmland and water conservancy projects, rural water and electricity projects, soil and water conservation, hydrological development and education of science and technology, increased support for the water conservancy work in impoverished regions to provide support and guarantee for the economic and social development in rural areas.
Promote the development of cultural health. The Ministry of Culture officially launched a mobile library vehicle project in 2013 and planned to donate one mobile library vehicle for each of the 656 county public libraries in the contiguous destitute areas in Liupan Mountain Area, Qinling Mountain Area,-Wuling Mountain Area, Wumeng Mountain Area, Yunnan – Guangxi - Guizhou Rocky Cesertification Area, western border mountainous in Yunnan, southern foot area of Daxing’anling, Yanshan - Taihang Mountain Area, Lvliang Mountain Area, Dabie Mountain Area and Luoxiao Mountain Area, as well as Tibet, the Tibetan areas in four provinces and three southern prefectures in Xinjiang. In 2013, the Ministry of Culture issued a total of 82 million yuan of special funds to support the donation of mobile library vehicles for 328 county public libraries. The National Health and Family Planning Commission arranged 300 million yuan to support child nutrition improvement projects and the program coverage was expanded from 100 counties of eight contiguous destitute areas to 300 counties of 14 contiguous destitute areas, benefiting 822,000 rural infants. In 2013, the central government allocated 58.8 million yuan of special funds to support free screening of congenital hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria and hearing impairment among 490,000 newborns in the contiguous destitute areas.
Promote ecological environment construction. The Ministry of Land and Resources gave more priority to poor areas in the implementation of relevant preferential policies in land and mineral resource development, launched a number of key mining area and key mineral projects such as the Tungsten ore and rare earth projects in Jiangxi, the tin and tungsten projects in Yunnan and Zunyi manganese ore projects in Guizhou, arranged 1735 land remediation projects of 21.09 million mu with an investment of 33.3 billion yuan in poor areas natiownide, significantly improving the quality of arable land in poor areas, and developed the “Program for Bio-diversity Conservation and Poverty Reduction” jointly with LGOP to promote the bio-diversity conservation and poverty reduction work. Meanwhile, it supported poverty-stricken areas to carry out comprehensive rural environmental remediation, included 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) into the contiguous remediation demonstration zone, arranged central government funds of 4.25 billion yuan to support drinking water source protection and sewage and waste disposal, addressing a number of prominent environmental problems in rural areas.
Promote the development of social undertakings. Approved by the State Council, in 2013, the
national inter-ministerial joint conference system for social assistance was established. Under the leadership of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, participated by 24 departments, the joint conference system was set up to guide local governments to improve the social assistance mechanism and guide the creation of “national demonstration communities for integrated poverty reduction” in accordance with the “standards for national demonstration communities for integrated poverty reduction” in the provinces with special difficulties. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs arranged a total of 10.322 billion yuan of living subsidies from the central government to respond to natural disasters, the Ministry of Civil Affairs organized the allocation of 196,000 disaster-relief tents, 154,000 cotton coats, 473,000 quilts, 19,000 sleeping bags, 89,000 folding beds and 13,000 stoves to support the disaster relief work in poor areas, providing a guarantee for the basic living of the affected people. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security strengthened public employment services to promote the labor transfer and stable employment of people in poor areas. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly implemented a pilot project of expanding rural dilapidated housing renovation. The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce promoted the action of “China Glorious Cause in Tibet” and the poverty alleviation by the Glorious Cause. China Disabled Persons’ Federation and LGOP jointly developed the “Circular on Strengthening Poverty Alleviation and Development among the Disabled in Contiguous destitute areas” (Can Lian Fa No. [2013] 12), requiring more financial anti-poverty funds for poverty alleviation and development among the disabled.
Support the development of minority areas. In 2013, the central government allocated 3.69 billion yuan of minority development funds, up 30% over 2012, of which, 2.79 billion yuan was for 12 western provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, accounting for 75.6% of total. According to the sample survey of the National Bureau of Statistics on 74,000 rural families in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), based on the new national poverty line, in 2013, there were a total of 25.62 million poverty-stricken people in the eight minority provinces (autonomous regions), with a decrease of 5.59 million compared to 2012, down 17.9%, above the national poverty reduction rate of 16.7%.
To sum up, the national industrial poverty alleviation showed three characteristics: First, attach great importance to the work and earnestly make deployments. The relevant leaders of various departments and units were all concerned about the industrial poverty alleviation and some leaders even personally made the deployment to promote the work. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology held a working conference on poverty reduction. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce and China Railway Corporation also held poverty alleviation conference or seminar to make deployment for anti-poverty work. Comrade Sheng Guangzu, for example, acted as the Head of the Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China Railway Corporation. On the work conference on poverty alleviation and development, he required China Railway Corporation to continue to actively perform its duties from a political perspective and continue to play its advantages in railway construction to better serve the national poverty alleviation and development with constant efforts and the spirit of utter devotion. Second, attach importance to field research and have a definite object. The relevant departments and units all carried out field survey and research at different levels and, on this basis, developed the poverty reduction planning. 19 departments and institutions of the Ministry of Agriculture, for example, organized relevant persons to carry out field researches on agricultural and rural economic development in the twinned counties of the contiguous destitute areas at the southern foot of Daxing’anling. Third, steadily promote the anti-poverty work and highlight key points. On the basis of preliminary research, the relevant departments and units promoted their anti-poverty work according to their poverty reduction plans. In the project implementation, they gave full play to their respective advantages, highlighted the key points and strived to achieve practical results. As a result, the national industrial poverty alleviation showed a more gratifying situation.
(Cui Pengwei)
Poverty Alleviation of National Development
and Reform Commission
【Overview】In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) earnestly implemented the overall deployment made by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council on the poverty alleviation and development work in the new era, promoted the implementation of important policy measures determined by the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020)”, constantly expanded the contents of anti-poverty work and made innovations to the work mechanism, playing a positive role in helping the poor shake off poverty, narrowing the development gap between impoverished regions and promoting coordinated development between regions.
The National Development and Reform Commission attaches poverty alleviation and development work in poor areas and accelerated the study of relevant policies to boost the economic development in impoverished regions jointly with the relevant departments of the State Council. To implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the instructions of the new central leadership on poverty alleviation and development, in accordance with the relevant requirements of the State Council, we drafted the “Opinions on Promoting Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development through Mechanism Innovation” jointly with LGOP. The General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the General Office of the State Council issued the “Notice on the Issuance of ‘Opinions on Promoting Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development through Mechanism Innovation’” (Zhong Ban Fa No.[2013] 25). The National Development and Reform Commission timely organized the study and made clear the division of task to ensure the implementation of the relevant documents. In addition, jointly with LGOP and the related departments, the National Development and Reform Commission carried out careful study of the relevant affairs on the legislation for poverty alleviation and development, listened to the opinions of relevant departments and experts and conducted rigorous demonstration on the necessity and feasibility of the legislation for poverty alleviation and development.
Organized universities and research institutions to carry out a series of study on anti-poverty
work, successively guided the preparation of the “Study of Thinking and Countermeasures for
Xinjiang to Carry on Industry Transfer in the New Era”, “Study of Countermeasures for Poverty
Reduction in Contiguous destitute areas in the New Era – Based on the Cases in Dabie Mountain and Wuling Mountain Experimental Zone”, the “Study of Poverty Alleviation and Development in Xinghe County of Wulanchabu City” and the “Study of Leapfrog Development in the Tibetan Areas of Qinghai” and carried out in-depth study of the improvement of pro-poor policy mechanism and the economic and social development in old revolutionary base areas, minority areas, border areas and poor regions from different perspectives.
【Guide the implementation of poverty reduction plan for contiguous destitute areas】
Guided local governments to prepare the provincial implementation plan for poverty reduction in contiguous destitute areas and completed the recording review of the regional development and poverty reduction plans of 41 contiguous destitute areas jointly with LGOP. To make an objective evaluation on the implementation of the development objectives, main tasks, major projects and important policies put forward by the poverty reduction plans for contiguous destitute areas, the NDRC and LGOP carried out the monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of poverty reduction plans for contiguous destitute areas and launched the pilot projects in Wuling Mountain Area and Wumeng Mountain Area. Coordinated the relevant parties to accelerate the implementation of the preliminary work for major projects in contiguous destitute areas, reviewed or approved the projects meeting the conditions as soon as possible to accelerate the pace of project construction. In conjunction with 13 departments assigned the fixed-point contact task, we actively gave play to the role of the fixed-point liaison mechanism and constantly increased support for the contiguous destitute areas through conducting field survey, holding inter-provincial coordination meetings in contiguous destitute areas, preparing industrial poverty alleviation planning and raising subsidies for related fields. For example, we prepared and issued planning on poverty alleviation by transport construction and water conservancy construction jointly with the Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Water Conservancy and carefully formulated plans for the development of traffic and water conservancy in poor areas. Raised central government’s subsidy budget for rural roads in contiguous destitute areas. The subsidy for township asphalt (cement) roads, for example, was raised from 600,000 yuan / km to 800,000 yuan / km and the subsidy for the asphalt (cement) roads in administrative villages was raised from 250,000 yuan / km to 500,000 yuan / km. Raised central government’s subsidy proportion for continued construction and water-saving transformation of large irrigation areas as well as rural drinking water safety and dam reinforcement projects in contiguous destitute areas to 60% and 80%, up 13-15 percentage points respectively; raised central government’s subsidy per household for the renovation of rural dangerous houses in contiguous destitute areas from 7500 yuan to 8500 yuan, and provided additional subsidy of 2500 yuan per household for the renovation of rural dangerous houses in border lines. In addition, priorities were given to contiguous destitute areas in the formulation of relevant price policies for related areas and industries and the development of fiscal, financial and land policies.
【Investment in special poverty alleviation】In 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission arranged central government funds of 8.72 billion yuan for work-relief and ex-situ poverty alleviation, of which 1.5 billion yuan was central budget for demonstration work-relief projects, 4.22 billion yuan was financial budget work-relief projects and issued 3 billion yuan of ex-situ poverty alleviation project funds. According to the requirements of the Budget Commission of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the Ministry of Finance, NDRC issued in advance 3 billion yuan of financial budget for work-relief program in 2014. In the whole year, we relocated a total of 506,100 rural poverty-stricken people living in the places not suitable for habitation, built basic farmland of 438,000 mu, increased and improved irrigation area of 2.748 million mu, newly built and renovated rural roads of 17,100 kilometers, solved the drinking water problem of 575,000 people and 493,000 heads of livestock, controlled soil erosion area of 2483 square kilometers and built grassland of 138,000 mu, significantly enhancing the level of infrastructure and public services in impoverished regions and effectively addressing the travel, drinking water, medical service and children’s schooling difficulties of local residents. Meanwhile, the food-for-work project issued more than 700 million yuan of remuneration for personal services. Through participating in the project construction, the masses in poverty-stricken regions directly benefited from the project and obtained a higher labor income.
【Management of anti-poverty funds】In order to further strengthen and improve the use
and management of anti-poverty funds, in 2013, the NDRC carried out field research in Henan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia, communicated with local governments, grassroots cadres and the masses, carried out in-depth study of the problems in the use and management of poverty-relief funds and carried out study on reforming the poverty-relief fund management mechanism to further strengthen the management of funds in livelihood field. To meet the requirements for the work in the new stage, on basis of the revised "Management Measures on National Food for Work Program" and the "Implementation Plan of Ex-situ Relocation", the NDRC again seeked opinions of local governments, further standardized the management procedures of Food for Work and Ex-situ Relocation projects based on the actual situation of the relevant work in recent years, and strengthened the use and management of anti-poverty funds. Continued to strengthen the supervision and inspection on the investment plan, fund allocation and project construction of local governments and regulated and strengthened the preparation of quarterly reports on the implementation of investment plans within the central budget. Urged local governments to decompose and forward central investment plans, strictly fulfill the basic construction procedures, actively implement local investment plans, promote the timely launch of relevant projects and accelerate the project construction and fund payment.
【Poverty alleviation in old revolutionary bases, minority areas, border regions and
impoverished areas】Conscientiously implemented the policy documents and regional planning
issued by the Party Central Committee and the State Council on promoting the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border regions and poverty-stricken areas and gave priority to these areas in the allocation of the central budget investment for renovation of rural dilapidated buildings, safe drinking water, rural highroads, upgrading of rural power grid, education, medical care, Food for Work and ex-situ relocation for poverty reduction. Through holding special conferences, carrying on field research, guiding the preparation of special programs and strengthening exchange among cadres, we strived to strengthen the self-development capacity and blood-making function of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border regions and poverty-stricken areas, enhance their economic strength and level of development. To address the special difficulties and problems put forward by relevant local governments, we carried out in-depth field research successively in the former Soviet areas of Sichuan and Shaanxi, Nujiang prefecture of Yunnan Province, Chishui River Basin, Bijie Experiemental Zone, Daliangshan, Xiaoliangshan and Linyi Old Revolutionary Base Area. Guided Huaian County of Hebei Province to prepare the strategic planning for economic and social development, helped to address key problems in the revitalization and development of Dabie Mountain Old Revolutionary Base Area and organized the preparation and implementation of the “Revitalization and Development Plan of Dabie Mountain Old Revolutionary Base Area”. Continued to promote the implementation of the “Several Opinions of the State Council on Supporting Former Central Soviet Areas in Southern Areas of Jiangxi”, took the lead to formulate the “Revitalization and Development Plan of Former Central Soviet Areas in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong”. Steadily promoted the counterpart support work for Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai and Guizhou and established the mechanism for developed provinces and municipalities to provide counterpart support for the Tibetan areas in Sichuan, Yunnan and Gansu. Arranged central government investment of one billion yuan to implement the “construction of regular high schools for the counties with a weak educational foundation in minority areas” in 261 minority autonomous counties in the contiguous destitute areas.
【Field research on poverty-relief relocation】To further promote the poverty-relief relocation work in the new stage, the NDRC organized investigations and work summary, carried out field research in Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia jointly with the relevant departments, visited a number of resettlement points and emigration points to understand the situation of housing construction, basic public services, follow-up industry development and the ecological restoration of emigration points, listened to the opinions of local cadres and the masses, carried out in-depth study on the effectiveness and problems of poverty-relief relocation projects in the “12th Five-Year Plan” period and developed plans on how to promote the next step work.
【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】According to the requirements of the CPC Central
Committee and the State Council on the fixed-point poverty alleviation work in the new stage, the National Development and Reform Commission intensified the coordination, successively sent more than 6 young cadres to work in four designated poor counties and successively dispatched more than 50 cadres to carry out field research and help solve the prominent problems in the economic development of the counties; successively guided local governments to formulate and improve the “Development Plan for Eight Major Industries in Wangqing County” and the "Transition Planning of Resource-exhausted Cities in Wangqing County" and carried out study of the "Opinions and Suggestions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Mica Industry in Lingshou County". Jointly with the provincial development and reform commission, we gave priorities to the program in the allocation of project funds, boosting the development of infrastructure and social undertakings of local areas, covering education, water conservancy, health, traffic, etc. Coordinated and promoted the implementation of a number of major projects such as the Xidapo Hydro Project in Wangqing County and the Large-scale Demonstration Project of Water-saving Irrigation for Effectiveness Improvement in Tiandong County. Made use of NDRC’s online office system and local platforms for investment invitation, we helped poor areas introduce project funds.
(Department of Regional Economy, National Development and Reform Commission)
Industrial Poverty Alleviation of Ministry of Education
【Overview】In 2013, the Ministry of Education profoundly implemented the decisions and
deployments made by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, introduced and implemented a series of projects for education to benefit and enrich people in accordance with the requirements of the “Outline for Development-oriented Poverty Reduction for China’s Rural Areas (2011-2020) and further promoted the rapid development of various types of education through policy guarantee, financial aid and project support.
On July 29, 2013, the General Office of the State Council forwarded the "Opinions on the Implementation of Education-based Poverty Reduction" jointly issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, LGOP, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Agriculture, and will launch education-based poverty reduction in 680 counties of contiguous destitute areas. Through accelerating the development of education and human resources by comprehensively strengthening basic education, speeding up the development of modern vocational education, improving service capacity of higher education, improving student funding level and enhancing the level of educational informationization, giving play to the important role of education in poverty alleviation and development, cultivated various types of talents for economic and social development to help poor areas shake off poverty fundamentally.
【Poverty alleviation by education】In 2013, the central government allocated about 82.84
billion yuan for the reform of the mechanism ensuring funding for rural compulsory education, further raised the benchmark quota of public expenditure for rural primary and secondary schools, up to 560 yuan and 760 yuan per capita respectively for the central and western primary schools, and provided integrated rewards and subsidies for the regions that implement living subsidy policy for the teachers working in the township and village schools and teaching points in contiguous impoverished regions. In 2013, approximately 120 million rural compulsory education students nationwide were exempted from petty expenses and received free textbooks, and about 12.6 million boarding students from needy families in the central and western regions received subsidies. The central government allocated 12.036 billion yuan to support the implementation of free tuition policy for urban compulsory education in local areas and safeguard migrant children’s equal access to compulsory education. In 2013, about 27.25 million urban students enjoyed free compulsory education and received relevant subsidies, and 13.94 million migrant children got the opportunity to receive compulsory education in the city.
【Construction of basic educational facilities】In 2013, the Ministry of Education arranged
31.8 billion yuan of special funds to support the construction of canteens and ancillary facilities in rural primary and secondary schools, the construction of boarding schools in the areas concentrated with left-behind children and the expansion and transformation of county and township big classes, and donated books, music, art and sports equipment, teaching and experimental equipment as well as multimedia teaching equipment for needy schools. 2.7 billion yuan of central government funds was invested to promote the development of rural pre-school education, supporting the rural kindergarten building in 28 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau, covering a construction area of 2.313 million square meters. Four million yuan of central government investment was issued to support the construction of teachers’ turnover dormitories for rural schools in remote poor areas, involving the construction and reconstruction of a total of 70,000 turnover dormitories in 23 central and western provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Bureau. 976 million yuan of central government funds was allocated for regular senior high school building in minority areas with a weak educational foundation, supporting the teaching and student building construction of 64 senior high schools in 13 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities). 800 million yuan of central government funds was allocated for the construction projects of special education schools, supporting the construction of 27 institutions of higher learning and vocational schools for disabled persons and special teachers’ schools in 21 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities).
【Implementation of the special program for targeted recruitment in rural poor areas】The Ministry of Education issued the “Notice on Expand the Implementation of the Special Program for Targeted Recruitment in Rural Poor Areas in 2013”, expanded the enrollment scale from 10,000 in 2012 to 30,000, expanded the recruitment coverage from 680 contiguous destitute areas in 2012 to 832 poor counties and ten provinces (autonomous regions) with a relatively low proportion of key university enrollment rate such as Henan, Guangdong and Guangxi, and the number of universities involved increased from 222 to 263, covering all the universities of 211 Project and 108 central and ministerial universities. The special gram covered 38.5% of the rural students enrolled in key universities and further increased the proportion of students from poor areas receiving quality higher education.
【Implementation of living subsidy policy for rural teachers in contiguous destitute
areas】In accordance with the spirit of No. 1 Central Document in 2013, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education actively urged local governments to implement the living subsidy policy or rural teachers. Since 2013, under the principle of “independent implementation of local government and integrated awarding by central government”, the central government provided subsidies and rewards for the local governments that had implemented this policy, further increasing salaries for rural teachers and mobilizing the enthusiasm of teachers.
【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】1. Increased financial support. The Ministry of Education coordinated China Education Media Group to raise 300,000 yuan for the activity of "Warmth Delivery in Spring Festival of 2013" and sent condolence to poverty-stricken households and teachers in Qinglong, Xinhe and Wei County. In consultation with Hebei Provincial Department of Education, we raised 390,000 yuan of fixed-point poverty alleviation funds to support the construction of pilot anti-poverty projects in Qinglong, Xinhe and Wei County.
2. Provided teaching equipment guarantee. The Ministry of Education coordinated relevant companies to donate automotive repair tools valued 319,000 yuan and engines and racks valued 243,000 yuan to Fuping Vocational and Technical Education Center, Laiyuan Vocational and Technical Education Center, Shijiazhuang Engineering and Technical School, Handan Vocational and Technical Education Center, Xinhe County Vocational and Technical Education Center and Weixian Vocational and Technical Education Center; coordinated Guangqi Toyota Automobile to donate six teaching aid vehicles for student internship use for Zanhuang and Pingshan of Hebei, Dabie Mountain of Anhui, Linshu of Shandong, Yizhou of Guangxi and Shangyou of Jiangxi.
3. Supported school building. The Ministry of Education coordinated relevant departments and enterprises to support the construction of “Dabie Mountain Secondary Vocational School” in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province, and developed the implementation plan for counterpart support for Shangyou County of Jiangxi jointly with the relevant departments.
(Jiang Ying, Poverty Alleviation Office, Ministry of Education)
Poverty Alleviation of Ministry of Science & Technology
【Overview】2013 is a key year for the implementation of the “12th Five-Year Plan” and the second year of a new stage for poverty alleviation after the launch of the “Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China’s Rural Areas (2001-2010)”. Under the guidance and the overall arrangements of the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP), adhering to the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of “Three Representatives”, the Ministry of Science and Technology profoundly implemented the scientific outlook on development, gave full play to its technological advantages and earnestly implemented the spirit of the “Outline for Poverty Alleviation and Development of China’s Rural Areas (2001-2010)”, the “Notice on Further Promoting the Fixed-pointed Poverty Alleviation” and the “Regional Development and Poverty Alleviation Planning of Qinba Mountain Area”. Making use of its advantages, under the guiding ideology of “supporting industrial development by services, highlighting the concept of innovation, promoting the improvement of livelihoods to boost local development”, based on the current situation of economic and social development of poor areas and the key areas for future development, in accordance with the principle of “doing practical things and promoting the innovation and entrepreneurship in grassroots areas with great love for revolutionary base areas”, it made steady progress in industrial poverty alleviation, fixed-point poverty alleviation and industrial poverty alleviation and made a positive contribution to the industrial and agricultural development and economic and social development of impoverished regions.
【Field research on poverty alleviation by science and technology】The Ministry of Science and Technology attached great importance to field research for poverty reduction by science and technology. In 2013, we organized the field research on the counties for fixed-point poverty alleviation, Qinba Mountain Area and the rural business launching by science and technology supported by technical commissioners. From May 28 to 29, the Party Committee Member and Undersecretary of the Ministry of Science and Technology Zhang Laiwu paid a visit to Shiyan City of Hubei Province in the Qinba Mountain Area and carried out in-depth field research on the economic and social development in impoverished regions through technological innovation; From February 26 to 28, a delegation headed by Vice Minister of Science and Technology Cao Jianlin carried out a field research on the poverty reduction in Qinba Mountain Area in Baokang County, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province. Ten workers of the 27th Science and Technology-based Poverty Alleviation Group spent one year on field research in the twinned poor counties and arranged one week to live and eat together with local farmers in impoverished villages. In 2013, 25 research reports on poverty reduction by science and technology were prepared, including seven reports on field research in poor villages. Through conducting field research, we collected a lot of first-hand materials, got to know the common problems and prominent contradictions facing the poverty alleviation and development in poor areas and had a good understanding of the needs of impoverished regions for poverty alleviation and development, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the development of the counties involved in fixed-point poverty alleviation.
【Technology Training】To solve the low quality and weak consciousness of science and technology of the masses and cadres of poverty-stricken areas, combining field lectures and distance training, we organized a series of scientific and technological trainings. With the “Spark Program for 30 Minutes” as the main carrier, we strived to spread information of science and technology market to poor areas and led the farmers to increase income and shake off poverty. The “Spark Program for 30 Minutes” was broadcast simultaneously in local TV to provide technology programs for free for more than 1000 county TV stations including 103 national key counties (cities) for poverty alleviation and development. According to incomplete statistics, in the process of demonstration and promotion of new technologies, through “county-level training for towns, township training for villages and village training for households”, the poor counties held 61 agricultural technology trainings for pillar industries for 10312 person-times, enhancing the capability of the masses and cadres in impoverished regions for self-reliance and poverty reduction relying on science and technology.
【Poverty alleviation by technology entrepreneurship】Through close collaboration with each other, the relevant units actively mobilized internal technology resources to improve grass-roots innovation and entrepreneurship capabilities, carried out poverty alleviation by science and technology to serve pillar industries in poor counties, and turned advantageous technology resources into endogenous power of economic development in poor areas, greatly improving the ability of self-development of impoverished areas. To this end, on the one hand, we guided the colleges, universities and research institutes of relevant provinces in the contiguous destitute areas to include Qinba Mountain Area in the demonstration zone for scientific research projects, support enterprises’ transformation of scientific and technological achievements to enhance innovation capabilities; On the other hand, we set up demonstration bases in the project construction sites for poverty alleviation by science and technology, introduced scientific and technological achievements and talents to promote the application of new varieties, new products and new technologies, improving the self-development ability and regional innovation capability of the contiguous destitute areas.
【Implementation of Agricultural Science and Technological Achievements
Transformation Project】Through the implementation of the Spark Program, Torch Program, the transformation of agricultural technology achievements into funds, the SME Innovation Fund and the construction of special projects of enriching people and vitalizing counties, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology vigorously supported the development of pillar industries in contiguous destitute areas and key counties for poverty reduction. According to incomplete statistics, in 2013, we helped and guided the poor counties to declare 69 tea and rice projects with a direct investment of 42.27 million yuan. Through industrial poverty alleviation and the special action of enriching people and vitalizing counties by science and technology, the state directly put in 203.36 million yuan to support 115 national key counties of 21 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) for poverty alleviation and development. Through the implementation of Agricultural Science and Technological Achievements Transformation Projects with an investment of 71.6 million yuan, covering 80 poor counties, we supported the creation of new varieties in agricultural field, germplasm resources development and agro-processing technology promotion and demonstration; To support the National Science and Technology Support Program, we set the projects of "Study and Demonstration of Water-saving Agricultural Technology and Equipment in Arid and Semiarid Areas", "'Production, Ecology and Living' Protection Technology Integration and Demonstration in Key Pastoral Areas" and the "Technology Research for Standardized Planting of Chinese Herbal Medicines and the Comprehensive Development of Bulk Chinese Herbal Medicines", invested 420,870,000 yuan for the development of agricultural water-saving technologies and the transformation of new achievements as well as the large-area integration and demonstration of production, ecology and living guarantee technology for key pastoral areas. Meanwhile, we supported the development of Chinese traditional herb medicine industry in 31 national key counties for poverty alleviation and development. Through project construction, it is estimated, the planting area of 88 Chinese herb medicines will be expanded to 6.53 million mu with production value of 39.5 billion yuan and the 290,000 jobs will be created. Through national science and technology infrastructure work projects, we approved the implementation of 35 projects in poor areas and counties with an investment of 329.62 million yuan, tapping the potential for technological innovation, boosting the development of competitive industries and promoting the improvement of livelihood in poor areas. Through technological programs to benefit the masses, we arranged 20 projects with an investment of 233.7 million yuan to support the technological achievement promotion and demonstration in the field of medical service, herb medicine, agriculture, ecological construction and public security. Through international scientific and technological cooperation, we launched the "development of technologies for selenium-free manganese production with gabon pyrolusite through Roasting reduction" with an investment of 2.45 million yuan to promote the development and utilization of rare mineral resources in Wuling Mountain Area.
【Socialized poverty alleviation】In 2013, the Ministry of Science and Technology organized various social resources to donate 6.55 million yuan of materials science and technology to the designated counties, mainly supporting the construction of drinking water safety projects in Kongfang Town of Yingshan County, enabling more than 5000 rural families to use safe drinking water. Contacted the enterprises in Guangdong and Anhui Province to donate 130 solar energy-saving lamps valued 700,000 yuan to Jinggangshan City, conducted LED retrofit for lighting facilities in relatively poor Eling Town and the core areas of the National Agricultural Park, launched the semiconductor lighting demonstration projects and improved the living conditions of residents in poor villages. Coordinated the donation of LED screens valued nearly one million yuan for Fajiulou Scenic Spot of Maoping Town in Jinggangshan City, improving the image and quality of tourism service in local area; actively contacted the Telemedicine Center of No.301 Hospital to donate two sets of telemedicine equipment valued more than 300,000 yuan to the grassroots hospitals in Yongxin County, improving the grassroots medical conditions; Donated nearly 4000 books to Wei County and contacted Beijing Guixin Charity Foundation to donate six reading houses and more than 20,000 children's books for Yongxin County. 65 volunteers opened more than 980 colorful classes for nearly 600 students and rural teachers were invited to receive trainings in Beijing and Zhejieng. Contacted China Cultural Heritage Foundation to donate more than 670 copies of magazines such as "Chinese Heritage" and National Geographic" to Yongxin County; contacted Great Wall Company to donate computer classrooms valued 100,000 yuan to Yongxin County Sanwan School, including 20 desktop computers, one laptop computer and a whole set of system resources; and contacted the Capital Normal University to donate 110 computers to Jia County. By contacting social forces, to a certain extent, we improved the living conditions of people in old revolutionary base areas, enhanced the grassroots technology service ability and promoted the improvement of people's livelihood.
【Work conference on fixed-point poverty reduction】The Ministry of Science and Technology attached great importance to the anti-poverty work in twinned poor areas. On March 15, 2013, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology held in Beijing the work conference on fixed-point poverty reduction. Member units of the Coordination and Leading Group for Poverty Reduction by Science and Technology and some members of previous technology poverty reductions groups attended the event to talk about the main paths and methods and poverty reduction group management mechanism for fixed-point poverty reduction in the new era, effectively performing their duties of contacting the regional development and poverty reduction in Qinba Mountain Area.
From October 17 to 18, the Poverty Alleviation Office of the Ministry of Science and Technology held in Zhashui County the on-site meeting on poverty reduction by science and technology in 2013. People from relevant divisions and bureaus of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the 27th Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Group, the relevant provincial departments of science and technology and relevant county (city) technology bureaus as well as the main leaders of the Ministry of Science and Technology attended the event to talk about the poverty reduction work in the twinned poor counties and Qinba Mountain Area in the new era. From December 11 to 13, we organized the annual summary forum of the 27th Science and Technology Poverty Alleviation Group and summarized and made deployments for the poverty reduction in the twinned counties.
(Hu Manhua, Ministry of Science and Technology)
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