Yearbook of China’s Poverty Alleviation and Development, 2015 I

Ⅰ. Annual Review

2014 is the first year to comprehensively implement the“Notice of the General Office of CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council on the Issuance of the‘Opinions on Mechanism Innovation to Steadily Promote Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development’”(Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No.25, hereinafter referred to as the“Opinions”) and the first year of precise poverty alleviation in China. Over the year, the CPC and the whole society made joint efforts to accelerate poverty alleviation and development at the new starting point, made a new breakthrough in mechanism innovation, launched the key work and successfully implemented the planning for contiguous poor areas. In 2014, the central government arranged special poverty-relief funds of 43.287 billion yuan, up 10% over 2013; and the provincial governments arranged special anti-poverty funds of 26.7 billion yuan, up 28%. The number of rural poor people was reduced from 82.49 million in 2013 to 70.17 million, with a decline of 12.32 million, and the poverty rate dropped from 8.5% to 7.2%, down 1.3 percentage points. The annual poverty reduction task of reducing the rural poor by at least 10 million proposed by the Government Work Report 2014 was overfulfilled. The rural per capita net income of the key counties for poverty alleviation and development reached 6090 yuan, up 13% over 2013, and the growth rate was still above the national average.

Ⅰ. Made a breakthrough in mechanism innovation

All the 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with poverty-relief task have formulated the“Opinions”implementation plan. For the reform measures and key work put forward by the“Opinions”, the relevant departments of the State Council introduced the implementation plan to link with the industrial planning during the“12th Five-Year Plan”period, which is planned to be implemented year by year.

（Ⅰ）Promoting the reform of three mechanisms in poor counties. Issued the“Opinions on the

Improvement of Performance Appraisal of Party and Government Leading Group and Cadres in the Economic and Social Development in Poor Counties”and revised the“Methods for Performance Assessment in Poverty Alleviation and Development”. Issued the“Circular on the Establishment of Constraint Mechanism in Poor Counties”with provisions and requirements on what must be done, what are encouraged and what are prohibited in poor counties, and on the supervision and inspection as well. Summarized local experience and explored the establishment of an exit mechanism for poor counties.

（Ⅱ）Accelerating the establishment of a working mechanism for precise poverty alleviation. First, accurate identification. Taking the registration of poor population as the most important task in 2014, issued the“Implementation Plan on the Establishment of A Working Mechanism for Precise Poverty Alleviation”, formulated the“Registration Program for Poverty Alleviation and Development”and the“Filing Index System for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, made overall deployment on the filing work and identified a total of 128,000 impoverished villages, 29.32 million poverty-stricken households and 88.62 million poor people throughout the country. Second, accurate aid. Arranged Rain Plan fund of 1.5 billion yuan to subsidize children of needy families and train poor labors, covering 3.64 million people. Issued microcredit of nearly 100 billion yuan for poverty alleviation, doubled the figure in 2013. Issued poverty-relief relocation fund of 12.63 billion yuan to support the relocation of 1.997 million people who lived in the regions without basic conditions for survival and development. Third, precise management. The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) organized the formulation of the“National Planning on Information Construction for Poverty Alleviation and Development”and the“Feasibility Study Report on National Poverty Alleviation Information Network System Project”to promote the implementation of precise management based on informationization.

（Ⅲ）Promoting mechanism improvement for cadres to work in poor villages. Combining the dispatch of working team to poor villages with the practice of the second batch of the party’s mass line education, on the basis of the work done, we made deployments on cadre sending to impoverished villages and sent 125,000 working teams and 430,000 cadres to the poverty-stricken villages, basically achieving full coverage of poor villages.

（Ⅳ）Reforming the mechanism for the management of fiscal anti-poverty funds. Issued the “Opinions on Reforming the Mechanism for the Management of Fiscal Anti-poverty Funds”, called for the establishment of a competitive allocation mechanism linking the allocation of poverty-relief funds with poverty reduction objectives and effects in order to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction; reform the mechanism for fund use and decentralize the anti-poverty fund approval power to county government in principle; reform the fund supervision mechanism, strengthen local regulatory responsibilities, improve information disclosure and adhere to public announcement, the third party supervision and the participation of the poor. Opened informants’hot-line telephone of“12317”for poverty alleviation supervision, increased efforts on addressing problems in the use of anti-poverty funds in 19 counties of six provinces audited in 2013, involving 234 million yuan of illegal funds, and formulated or revised 41 normative documents.

（Ⅴ）Promoting the innovation of financial poverty alleviation. Issued the“Guidance on Co-

mprehensive Financial Services for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, jointly held a teleconference on financial services for national poverty alleviation and development and made deployments on the financial service work. Issued the“Guidance on the Innovative Development of Poverty-relief Microfinance”and made clear the objectives, principles, support scope and pattern, policy measures and organizational guarantee of microfinance for poverty alleviation. All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) steadily pushed forward the issuance of small secured loans for women and China Disabled Persons’Federation coordinated in promoting the issuance of subsidized loans for rehabilitation and poverty alleviation.

（Ⅵ）Promoting the innovation of social poverty alleviation mechanism. First, made overall deployment on social poverty alleviation. The State Council held the first teleconference on national social poverty alleviation, the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development praised the advanced collectives and individuals in social poverty alleviation for the first time, and the General Office of the State Council issued, for the first time, guidelines for social poverty alleviation and made overall deployment on social poverty alleviation work in the new stage. E-business-based poverty alleviation, Photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation and other new technologies were introduced to the field of poverty reduction. Second, organized the activity of the“First Poverty Alleviation Day”. The State Council made October 17 the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, creating a system platform for social forces to participate in poverty alleviation and development. General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang made important instructions, which had a profound social impact. Local governments and relevant departments made active response and carried out a variety of“poverty alleviation day”activities. On the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, the provincial governments raised more than 5 billion yuan of social poverty alleviation funds. Third, new results were achieved in social poverty alleviation. Fixed-point poverty alleviation and the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation continued to play an exemplary role. The armed forces continued to steadily push forward the poverty relief work in 63 poor counties, 547 impoverished towns and 2856 impoverished villages. 310 central and state organs involved in the fixed-point poverty alleviation directly invested 2.88 billion yuan of relief funds in key counties. The eastern provinces and municipalities involved in the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation strengthened cooperation in poverty reduction and issued 1.2 billion yuan of government poverty-relief fund in 2014.

Ⅱ. Comprehensively pushed forward the key work

（Ⅰ）Village road building. We steadily pushed forward the implementation of the“Rural Hig-

hway Construction planning”, the“Outline of Poverty Alleviation Program for Traffic Construction in Contiguous Poor Areas (2011-2020)”and the“Bridge Construction Plan for Ropeway Transformation (2013-2015)”. The Ministry of Transport issued the“Key Points in Traffic Poverty Alleviation in 2014”, issued 104.1 billion yuan of vehicle purchase tax funds to support construction of 31,700 km of freeway and ordinary national / provincial highway in 14 contiguous poor areas, arranged more than 50 billion yuan to support the construction of 96,000 km of rural highroads and a number of rural passenger stations in 14 contiguous poor areas, addressing the road problems in 10500 administrative villages of 93 towns, and issued 700 million yuan to promote the construction of 138 bridges based on ropeway transformation.

（Ⅱ）Drinking water safety. The central government issued 23.8 billion yuan to support the co-

nstruction of rural drinking water safety projects, addressing the drinking water problem of more than 66 million rural residents. The Ministry of Water Conservancy Issued the“Guiding Opinions on Implementing the Spirit of No. 25 Document of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee to Further Strengthen Poverty Alleviation in the Field of Water Conservancy”and a number of other documents on poverty reduction in water conservancy, and took comprehensive measures to strengthen the water conservancy construction in poor areas and strengthen the supervision and inspection as well.

（Ⅲ）Guarantee of electricity supply. Implemented the“Three-year Action Plan on Compre-

hensively Addressing the Electricity Problem of the Population without Access to Electricity (2013-2015)”, invested a total of 44.99 billion yuan in the upgrading of rural power grid, including 8.5 billion yuan from the central government. Newly built and renovated 944 transformer substations and circuit of 226,000 km, and installed 89,000 transformers and 3.814 million household ammeters, giving priority to the less developed areas in central and western regions, especially minority and old revolutionary base areas. Meanwhile, the state invested a total of 8.71 billion yuan in electric power construction in the regions without access to electricity, including 4.5 billion yuan from the central government, addressing the electricity problem of 840,000 people. From 2013 to 2014, we solved the electricity problem of a total of 2.45 million people.

（Ⅳ）Renovation of dilapidated houses. Issued the“Circular on Promoting the Renovation of

Dilapidated Houses in Rural Areas in 2014”and clarified the policy for renovation of dilapidated houses in poor rural areas. In 2014, the central government arranged 23 billion yuan to support the renovation of dilapidated houses of 2.66 million rural households in poor areas, including 1.05 million living in contiguous poor areas and 6the key counties for national poverty alleviation and development. The central government subsidy for poor areas increased by 1,000 yuan based on the former standard of 7500 yuan per household. Meanwhile, the government issued the“Circular on A Comprehensive Investigation into the Current Status of Rural Dilapidated Houses”, and 21 million rural dilapidated houses have been registered so far.

（Ⅴ）Income growth of featured industries. Issued the“Implementation Plan on Income Growth

of Characteristic Industries”and clarified the overall thinking, development target, construction emphasis and safeguard measures for income growth of characteristic industries. The Ministry of Agriculture issued the“Regional Layout Planning for Characteristic Agricultural Products

(2013-2020)”, covering 96 varieties of 14 contiguous poor areas; implemented the seed project, improved seed project, standardized large-scale farm (community) construction, grassroots agricultural technology promotion system, returning grazing land to grassland and 4 rural biogas projects in impoverished regions; and selected and introduced 205 agricultural varieties and 120 agricultural technologies in 14 contiguous poor areas. The Ministry of Science and Technology vigorously promoted the science and technology correspondent venture chain construction and seriously organized the implementation of the technical personnel program of the personnel support plan for“three areas”.

（Ⅵ）Rural tourism-based poverty reduction. Issued the“Circular on the Implementation of

People Enriching by Rural Tourism to Promote Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation”, and comprehensively launched the tourism-based poverty alleviation work. Organized the provincials (autonomous regional and municipal) tourism departments to select 6130 administrative villages with the basic conditions for rural tourism development in 832 impoverished counties as the key villages for rural tourism development, including more than 2,000 impoverished villages; implemented the village cadre training program for the key villages in the rural tourism-based poverty alleviation.

（Ⅶ）Education-based poverty reduction. Arranged central government’s special fund of 31

billion yuan to improve the conditions of compulsory education schools in poor areas; continued to implement the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education to ensure that all the 32 million children in poor areas have nutritious meals every day. The central and local governments arranged special funds of 550 million yuan to improve the conditions of 45 schools in 45 counties in the central and western poor areas. Continued to implement the tuition-free and living subsidy policy for secondary vocational education students, achieving full coverage of all the rural students in contiguous poor areas; continued to support the implementation of enrollment collaboration plan in central and western regions, the directional enrollment program targeting at poor areas, the independent enrollment plan for rural students and the special program of key universities to recruit rural students, achieving the goal of a growth rate of 10% of key university enrollment of rural students in poor areas.

（Ⅷ）Health and family planning. Issued the“Implementation Plan to Steadily Push Forward the Rural Health and Family Planning Work for Poverty Alleviation”, clarified the main tasks and policy measures of public health and family planning work in impoverished regions, arranged special funds to support the development of the public health and family planning work in impoverished regions; improved the new rural cooperative medical system, raised the fiscal subsidy standard to 320 yuan per capita and the individual contribution standard to 90 yuan, raised the reimbursement rate to 75% or so according to the policy and comprehensively launched serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents in poor areas; arranged 19.85 billion yuan of central government funds to support the construction of 47,000 health and family planning agencies in poor areas; continued to expand the coverage of public health services, raised the subsidy standard for basic public health services to 35 yuan per capita; established the“health care”poverty alleviation fund to provide“one exemption and three assistance”services—serious illness treatment, medical aid, old-age assistance and free treatment for children with congenital heart disease; and implemented the child nutrition improvement and neonatal screening project.

（Ⅸ）Cultural construction. The Ministry of Culture issued the“Work Plan on the Construc-tion of Public Cultural Service System in Poor Areas”. The central government allocated special funds of 85.92 million yuan to purchase 358 bookmobiles for the county-level public libraries in contiguous poor areas; continued to implement the“Spring Rain Project”—the national culture

volunteers’border trip. The central government arranged 1.8 billion yuan of radio and TV fund for the radio and TV station construction in 650,000 natural villages with at most 20 households with access to electricity but no access to radio and TV program; comprehensively launched the construction of mountain stations with central government fund of one billion yuan, including 700 million yuan issued in 2014. The central government issued subsidies of 714 million yuan for 590600 administrative villages to implement rural film screening.

（Ⅹ）Informationization of poor villages. Issued the“Notice on the Implementation Plan for

Informationization of Poor Villages”and launched the Special Action 2014 of“Broadband China”and the“Communication Project for All Villages”and the pilot project of“Broadband Village”(phaseⅠ) to steadily push forward the informationization work of poor Villages. The“Communication Project for All Villages”completed the broadband projects in 14,000 poor villages with 350 million yuan of special subsidy funds for communication services. As a result, the Internet service covered all the 18,000 administrative villages in contiguous poor areas, and broadband service covered 1,000 rural schools. The Ministry of Education organized the development of the“national information system of educational informationization progress”to accelerate the environmental construction for online education of rural schools with poor conditions for compulsory education, including the schools in contiguous poor areas. The Ministry of Agriculture launched the pilot work of informationization construction in poor villages and strived to create an integrated information service platform relying on the hotline of“12316”. The Ministry of Science and Technology established a platform for rural technology information service relying on“12396”and launched the construction of model provinces for rural informatization.

Ⅲ. Promoted poverty alleviation in key area

（Ⅰ）Accelerating the implementation of poverty alleviation planning for contiguous poor areas. The relevant local governments seriously performed their duties, the contact units in contiguous poor areas actively played their leading role, the relevant industries and sectors actively played their role in industrial development, and the National Development and Reform Commission and LGOP actively played their role in coordination. As of the end of 2014, about 80% of the traffic, water conservancy and energy projects and 70% of the ten key projects in the contiguous poor areas had been launched during the“12th Five-Year Plan”period.

（Ⅱ）Supporting the development of old revolutionary base areas. The Ministry of Financial arranged public welfare lottery funds of 1.5 billion yuan to support the poverty alleviation project construction in impoverished old revolutionary base areas. State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council and the LGOP determined to launch the special action of“Fixed-point Poverty Reduction in One Hundred Counties and Ten Thousand Villages of Poor Old Revolutionary Base Areas by Central Enterprises”. In about three years, according to the plan, the 68 central enterprises designated for poverty reduction in 108 poor old revolutionary base counties will accelerate the implementation of a number of road, water conservancy and electricity projects to solve the road, water use and electricity use problem in some poor villages of the impoverished old revolutionary base counties.

（Ⅲ）Strengthening the poverty alleviation work in minority and remote areas. In 2014, 18.5 billion yuan of special fiscal anti-poverty funds was issued to five autonomous regions and three provinces with minorities, namely Yunnan, Guizhou and Qinghai, accounting for 42.7% of the total. The National Development and Reform Commission arranged central budget of 2.4 billion yuan to construct high schools in minorities areas with a poor education foundation, with an increase of 1.4 billion yuan over 2013; arranged central government’s fiscal funds of 257 million yuan to guide 16,000 outstanding culture workers to serve remote poor areas, border minority areas and old revolutionary base areas, and cultivated 1376 urgently needed cultural workers for these areas.

(Department of Policy and Regulation,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

Ⅱ. Poverty Alleviation Reform

【Improving the assessment mechanism of poor counties】In 2014, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Organization Department) and the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) issued the“Opinions”on the Improvement of Performance Appraisal of Party and Government Leading Group and Cadres in the Economic and Social Development in Poor Counties”(hereinafter referred to as the“Opinions”). The main purpose of the“Opinions”is to improve the assessment methods, give full play to the important role of the assessment as a baton, take the improvement of the living standards of the poor and the poverty reduction as the main targets, and guide the party and government leaders in poor areas to focus on poverty alleviation and development. The main contents of the“Opinions”cover six aspects:

（Ⅰ）Put forward the overall requirement of improving the assessment of poor counties. The assessment should be conducted based on the actual situation of the poor counties and reflect the particularity and main functions of the development of impoverished regions, and the indicators of other cities / counties cannot be simply used in the assessment of poor counties. We must establish a correct guideline for the assessment, take development as the fundamental way to address poverty problem, take poverty reduction ASAP as the primary task and clarify and implement the development responsibility through assessment.

（Ⅱ）Improve the performance assessment indicators of economic and social development.Set

reasonable economic development assessment index. Increase the indicators and weight of characteristic and competitive industries and weaken the assessment of the GDP, industrial added value, fixed asset investment and other related indicators. Restrict the cancelling of local GDP assessment in the national key counties for poverty alleviation and development with poor ecological environment. Take poverty alleviation and development as the main content of the performance assessment in economic and social development. Take the improvement of the living standard of poor people, poverty reduction and the improvement of the production and living conditions in impoverished regions as the main indicators for the assessment of poverty alleviation and development effect. Attach importance to the assessment of livelihood improvement and social development closely related to poverty reduction. Conduct assessment on infrastructure construction, education, medical health, housing, old-age security and public cultural service system building, aiming to improve the production and living conditions of the masses in impoverished regions and improve their ability to shake off poverty and get rich. Strengthen the assessment of ecological environment protection. Increase efforts on the assessment of ecological civilization construction, and increase the weight of ecological benefits, resource consumption and environmental damage index to guide poor counties to properly handle the relationship between economic development and resources development and environmental protection.

（Ⅲ）Incorporate party construction in the performance appraisal. Take party construction as

an important part of the performance assessment of poor counties’party committees and their principals, promote poverty alleviation and development work by party construction assessment and test the effect of party construction work by the effect of poverty alleviation and development.

（Ⅳ）Improve the assessment method. Adhere to the classified assessment and pay attention to vertical comparison. Consider not only development effectiveness, but also the objective conditions and subjective efforts, not only the capabilities, but also the efforts. Only in such a way, can we make an objective and fair evaluation on the work and style of the party and government leaders of poor counties. Meanwhile, the masses’feeling and satisfaction should be an important basis for the evaluation of the performance.

（Ⅴ）Strengthen the application of the assessment results. Take assessment results as an imp-

ortant basis for annual assessment level, cadre selection and appointment, incentives and restraints and accountability, and a basis for fund allocation.

（Ⅵ）Strengthen the organization and leadership. Put emphasis on improving the performance evaluation of the leadership of poor counties in social and economic development. Under the unified leadership of the provincial (autonomous regional, municipal) party committee, organization departments should organize the implementation with support from the poverty alleviation, development and reform and statistics departments. Implement the spirit of the“Opinions”in the party and government leadership performance assessment of national key counties for poverty alleviation and development and contiguous poor areas. The performance assessment of the party leadership and cadres in other impoverished regions and backward areas can also be improved according to the requirements of the“Opinions”combined with the actual situation of local areas. Meanwhile, it is emphasized that we must strengthen the overall deployment for the performance evaluation to avoid repeated assessment and reduce the burden on poor counties of preparing for the assessment.

(Department of Planning and Finance,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Establishing the restraint mechanism of poor counties】In some impoverished counties, the local governments set up beautiful office buildings, hold large-scale celebrations, construct landmark buildings and even carry out recreational activities with public funds, enjoying the preferential policies for poor counties. To address these problems, we should guide the party and government leaders in poor areas to focus on poverty alleviation and development work. The Second Plenary Session of the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development held in March 2014 proposed to establish the restraint mechanism of poor counties. In December, the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development issued the“Circular of the State Council Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development on the Establishment of Restraint Mechanism of Poor Counties”(hereinafter referred to as the“Circular”).

Main contents of the“Circular”: First, strengthen the leadership of poverty alleviation. Emphasize the responsibilities of the local party and government leaders and leading group for poverty alleviation, require the county leading group members to carry out field research in the relevant poor villages every month, ensure every village has a working team for poverty reduction and every poor household is supported. Second, clarify the poverty alleviation and development responsibilities during the term of office of the leaders. Poor counties must accelerate scientific development and take the improvement of living standards of the poor and poverty reduction as the starting point and objective of their work. The leading groups of poor counties must set annual or long-term poverty alleviation objectives during their term of office, including reducing the number of poverty-stricken people, increasing the income of urban and rural residents, especially the income of the poor, improving the infrastructure and public services in poor villages, etc. Third, strive to increase investment in poverty alleviation and development. Poor counties are required to invest more financial resources in poverty alleviation and development. Fourth, strict management of anti-poverty funds. The use of financial anti-poverty funds for poor farmers should be linked with the registered data of the poor so that the funds will directly benefit the poor. Establish the poverty-relief fund information disclosure system, improve the public announcement system for the management of poverty-relief funds, and severely punish the illegal acts of corruption, misuse, misappropriation and impersonator of poverty-relief funds according to law. Fifth, develop overall planning for the integration of urban and rural construction. The urban planning, city size and construction must be in line with the local economic and social development level. The county government’s financial funds for infrastructure and public service facility construction should mainly be issued to the towns and villages to improve the rural living environment. Sixth, strictly control the construction of office building.Poor counties must strictly implement the“Notice on Stopping the Construction of New Halls and Buildings and the Rectification of Office Buildings of Party and Government Departments”(Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No.17) issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council. Within five years from the date of issuance of the Notice, party and government departments at all levels are not allowed to newly build any hall or mansion in any form. Seventh, extravagance is strictly prohibited. Poor counties are required to strictly control the use of“three public funds”and consciously resist the formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and extravagance. Eighth, put an end to unrealistic image projects. Poor counties are not allowed to carry out any standard promotion activities for show, or issue investment targets to the grassroots units, or get involved in the application for the activities of“Top Hundred Counties”and“Well-off Counties”organized by NGOs. Ninth, strengthen supervision, inspection and incentive. Local governments must strengthen guidance on the work of poor counties, reform the assessment system of poor counties, guide poor counties to focus on poverty alleviation and development work. The leading groups for poverty alleviation and development of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) must carry out annual special inspection on the poor counties.

Application scope of the“Notice”: 832 national key counties and contiguous poor counties for poverty alleviation and development. It is also a reference for the anti-poverty work of the key counties and contiguous poor areas for provincial poverty alleviation.

(Department of Policy and Regulation,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Establishing the mechanism for precise poverty alleviation】The State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development took the registration of poor population as the No.1 Project and the first campaign for precise poverty alleviation in 2014. Seven departments including the LGOP and Office of Central Rural Work Leading Group jointly issued the“Implementation Plan on the Establishment of A Working Mechanism for Precise Poverty Alleviation”, formulated and issued the“Registration Program for Poverty Alleviation and Development”and the“Filing Index System for Poverty Alleviation and Development”. According to the overall requirements of“accurate identification, targeted assistance, precise management and accurate assessment”, we organized 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps to carry out poverty reduction target identification and data collection, identified a total of 128,000 registered poor villages, 29.48 million poverty-stricken households and 89.62 million impoverished people. The information construction work for poverty alleviation was steadily pushed forward. All the relevant data of the poor villages, poor households and poor people have been entered into the information system, achieving nationwide networking and real-time query on the location of poverty population, poverty degree, poverty cause and poverty reduction implementation party, laying a good foundation for precise poverty alleviation.

(Department of Planning and Finance,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Improving the mechanism for cadres to work in villages for poverty reduction】According to the“Opinions on Mechanism Innovation to Steadily Push Forward Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development”(Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25, hereinafter referred to as the Document Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25) jointly issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council, the village-stationed working team system must be established on the basis of the current work of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). As of the end of 2014, a total of 21 provinces had issued the opinions, notice or regulations on village-stationed working team and put forward clear requirements on the work, and a total of 125,000 village-stationed working teams and 430,000 cadres had been send to the poor villages. The following work has been done to strengthen the poverty alleviation by village-stationed working team:

Ⅰ. Clarifying the job responsibility. The task of village-stationed working team covers five aspects: To implement the guidelines and policies on rural work; coordinate the implementation of cadres’pairing-off poverty reduction with the poor households and participate in the preparation of entire village poverty alleviation planning and the management of poverty relief projects of poor villages; support the village“two committees”to complete the registration and dynamic management of poor villages and poor population and gradually implement the assistance measures; supervise the use of poverty-relief funds to promote infrastructure and public service facility construction and industrial development; help to promote the construction of grass-roots party organizations, and support local governments to investigate and address outstanding problems and the difficult problems reflected by the masses so as to help village cadres enhance their ability.

Ⅱ. Improving the management mechanism. Constantly improve the mechanism for the management of village-stationed work teams in practice. First, strengthen the training of village-stationed cadres. Before cadre dispatch, the local governments should hold training of the cadres so that they’ll adapt to rural work as soon as possible. Second, strengthen the propaganda on village-stationedcadres’work. Local governments have made a lot of propagandas on the model cadres and their experience in village work, enhancing the village cadres’confidence and determination. Third, strengthen the daily management. Clarify the responsibilities of the organization and personnel departments, the cadre sending units, poverty alleviation departments and the township party committees and governments. Establish the village-stationed cadre attendance and leave system etc. Fourth, strong logistics support. The local governments have arranged a certain amount of project funds to fully mobilize the subjective initiative of the village-stationed cadres, paid the traffic and living subsidies for the cadres according to the relevant provisions, and effective guaranteed the working conditions of these cadres. Fifth, establish the evaluation mechanism, include the work into the performance assessment of leadership and take it as the core the supervision work of party committees and governments at all levels.

Ⅲ. Strengthening supervision and inspection. In March, June and November, 2014, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development successively carried out three comprehensive surveys, covering most of the provinces with poverty reduction task, focusing on the village poverty alleviation work. By looking through the village poverty alleviation documents, the work diaries of the village-stationed cadres and the development planning of poor villages and holding seminars of the masses, grassroots cadres and village-stationed work team, we had an in-depth understanding of the situation and exchanged views with the provincial leading group for poverty alleviation and development to promote the healthy development of the village poverty alleviation.

Ⅳ. Promote successful experience. In November 2014, a business training course was held in Bazhong of Sichuan Province. The village-stationed work team heads of various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) exchanged their work experience at the conference, and the participants observed the work practice of the village-stationed cadres sent by Bazhong City, and explored ways to improve the work.

(Department of Policy and Regulation,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Reforming the management mechanism of special funds for poverty alleviation】In 2014, to strengthen the management of anti-poverty funds as required by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, according to the deployment of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development, the Ministry of Finance, the LGOP, the National Development and Reform Commission (hereinafter referred to as the NDRC), the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the Ministry of Supervision and the State Auditing Administration carried out the reform with keen determination, made innovations and highlighted the key points to profoundly promote the reform of the management mechanism of special poverty-relief funds.

First,promoting the reform of the management mechanism for financial anti-poverty funds and completing the key task of deepening reform assigned by the central government. Reform of the management mechanism for financial anti-poverty funds is explicitly requested by the Document Zhong Fa Ban [2013] No. 25 and one of the key reform tasks in 2014 determined by the central government. With the consent of the State Council, in August 2014, in the name of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development, we issued the“Opinions on the Reform of the Management Mechanism for Financial Anti-poverty Funds”(Guo Kai Fa [2014] No. 9), and put forward a number of measures on the reform of the mechanisms for fund allocation, fund use and supervision.

Second,launching pilot program of focusing on addressing prominent problems and supporting local governments to promote the construction of key poverty alleviation projects. We arranged one billion yuan of central financial poverty-relief funds to support the pilot project of focusing on addressing prominent problems. The pilot project supported 11 provinces including Hebei to solve a number of urgent poverty problems with great political influence and good poverty reduction effect. The implementation of the pilot work accumulated rich experience for local governments to raise funds and concentrate on poverty reduction, especially for the key problem tackling in the poverty alleviation.

Third, improving the performance evaluation system of the financial anti-poverty funds and strengthening the result-oriented fund allocation mechanism. In 2014, the Ministry of Finance and the State Council further improved the performance evaluation system of the financial anti-poverty funds, carried out performance evaluation in various regions and announced the assessment results nationwide. At the same time, we increased rewards of financial anti-poverty funds based on the performance assessment results and poverty reduction effects in 2013. The gradual improvement of the performance evaluation and incentive mechanism further mobilized the enthusiasm of the grassroots governments to promote rural poverty alleviation and enhanced the sense of duty of local governments for good management and use of financial anti-poverty funds.

Fourth, guiding financial and social capital to support rural poverty alleviation and development and giving full play to the amplification effect of financial funds. In 2014, the Ministry of Finance, jointly with the relevant departments, promoted the reform and innovations in many fields, actively guided financial and social capital to support rural poverty alleviation and development, delegated the power of management of financial discount funds for poverty-relief loans and no longer independently issued discount fund amount to local governments. Local governments may make overall deployments on the use of financial anti-poverty funds based on the operation situation of local poverty-relief funds, and independently increase poverty-relief loan discount funds. While increasing financial funds, we strived to accurately target at the real poor. In addition, the central government, China National Tobacco Corp and the State Development Investment Corp jointly invested to establish the Industrial Development Fund for poor areas, striving to explore the establishment of a market mechanism to encourage enterprises and social capital to support the economic development in poor areas.

(Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Finance)

【Improving the financial service mechanism】Made new breakthrough in micro credit for poverty alleviation. Promoted the introduction of two documents: Seven departments including the people’s Bank of China and the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development jointly issued the“Guidance on Financial Services for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, and the LGOP, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the Banking Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly issued the“Guidance on the Innovative Development of MicroCredit for Poverty Alleviation”. Urged and guided the introduction of policy documents on financial poverty alleviation or poverty-relief micro credit in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and the micro credit for poverty alleviation doubled.

Made new progress in the cooperation in financial poverty alleviation. We signed the“Cooperation Agreement on Financial Poverty Alleviation”with three banks. Signed the“Cooperation Agreement on Development-oriented Financial Poverty Alleviation”with China Development Bank to increase support for infrastructure construction, featured competitive poverty alleviation industries and poverty-relief loans; signed the“Cooperation Agreement on Financial Poverty Alleviation”with Agricultural Bank of China to increase credit loan of more than 100 billion yuan every year for 832 contiguous poor counties and key counties; and signed the“Cooperation Agreement on Financial Poverty Alleviation”with Export-Import Bank of China to support the tourism-based poverty alleviation, featured competitive poverty alleviation industries and poverty-relief credit loans in poor areas by giving play to the advantages of policy bank.

Standardized the development of mutual funds in poor villages. We reached consensus on the standardized development of 20,000 mutual funds of poor villages with China Banking Regulatory Commission and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce: All the fund cooperation societies of poor villages must be registered in the administration of industry and commerce, and the business license was issued to the mutual funds; made clear that the management of mutual funds of poor villages shall be under the supervision of local financial offices (bureaus) and the guidance of poverty alleviation departments.

(Department of Development Guidance,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Making innovations to the social participation mechanism】In 2014, the LGOP conscientiously played its role as the leading unit in making innovations to the social participation mechanism according to the Document Zhong Fa Ban [2013] No. 25, strengthened investigation and research, actively promoted the coordination work, mobilized all social forces to participate in poverty alleviation and development, and made continuous innovation to the social participation mechanism.

Ⅰ. Issued the“Implementation Plan for Innovations to the Social Participation Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation and Development”

The“Implementation Plan for Innovations to the Social Participation Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation and Development”was jointly issued by 15 departments, namely the LGOP, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, United Front Work Department of CPC Central Committee, Work Committee of Departments under the CPC Central Committee, Work Committee of the Central Government Departments under the CPC Central Committee, General Political Department of the People’s Liberation Army, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (hereinafter referred to as“SASAC”), the State Administration of Taxation, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, China Disabled Persons’Federation and All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce. The“Implementation Plan”put forward the objectives and tasks, main forms and safeguard measures of social poverty alleviation, and made deployments for the work in near future. The main ideas: To actively promote the fixed-point poverty alleviation and East-West pairing-off poverty reduction and develop detailed plans for the anti-poverty work to further enhance its pertinence and effectiveness of the poverty relief work. Mobilize private enterprises, social organizations and individuals to participate in poverty alleviation and promote the work by business guidance, platform building, atmosphere creation and service supervision, striving to achieve new breakthroughs.

Ⅱ. Promoted the establishment of the“Poverty Alleviation Day”and actively organized activities of“poverty alleviation day”

In order to fully tap the potential of social poverty alleviation and create an effective system platform for all circles of society to get involved in poverty alleviation, approved by the State Council, since 2014, we made October 17 the“Poverty Alleviation Day”. Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee and Premier Li Keqiang respectively gave important instructions. Central and state organs took the lead to push forward the work. The main government leaders of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) all gave instructions to the activities of the“Poverty Alleviation Day”. Local governments and relevant units organized a lot of special activities of the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, including propaganda on poverty reduction, visits and donation for the poor, and raised nearly 5 billion yuan for poverty reduction. The Information Office of the State Council held the press conference titled“Poverty Alleviation Day”. Peking University, the Development Research Center of the State Council and International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC) jointly sponsored and held the“10.17 Forum”. The UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon sent a special congratulatory message and highly praised China’s poverty Alleviation achievements and experience. The mainstream media have all reported the event.

Through the activities of the first“Poverty Alleviation Day”, all circles of society had much higher enthusiasm for participating in poverty alleviation and development and had a better understanding of poverty alleviation and development. An atmosphere of poverty alleviation by the whole society is being gradually created.

Ⅲ. Convened the first national conference on social poverty alleviation

On October 17, the national teleconference on social poverty alleviation was convened in Beijing. Vice Premier Wang Yang attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. The conference conveyed the important instructions given by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang, praised advanced collectives and individuals in social poverty alleviation, summarized China’s basic experience in social poverty alleviation, analyzed the current situation and tasks of social poverty alleviation, and made deployments on mobilizing all circles of society to participate in social poverty alleviation. According to the conference, we must improve the organization and mobilization mechanism, create a platform for social participation, develop various participants of social poverty alleviation, improve the policy support system and create a good environment, aiming to achieve a good situation of social poverty alleviation participated by all people on the voluntary base. More than 500 people attended the event at the main meeting-place, including the principals of member units of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development and other relevant departments, representatives of advanced collectives and advanced individuals in social poverty alleviation, etc. Parallel sessions were convened in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and a total of 140,000 people were present at the meetings. After the conference, Wang Yang presided over the seminar on social poverty alleviation, listened to the reports of representatives of grassroots cadres, private entrepreneurs and scientific and technological workers, and discussed with the participants about the new ideas and new initiatives for social poverty alleviation. 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) convened the local teleconferences and seminars on social poverty alleviation.

Ⅳ. Rewarded the models in social poverty alleviation nationwide for the first time

In order to praise the models and typical cases and mobilize all circles of society to participate in the poverty alleviation and development in the new stage more extensively, according to the spirit of the executive meeting of the State Council and the requirements of“rewarding the models in social poverty alleviation every five years in the name of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development”of Document Zhong Fa Ban [2013] No. 25, in 2014, LGOP launched the recognition of models in social poverty alleviation. Based on the recommended name list of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the relevant units, in accordance with the procedures of“two verifications and three publicity”, we finally identified 519 advanced collectives and individuals in social poverty alleviation. On September 29, the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development officially issued the“Decision on Rewarding the Advanced Collectives and Advanced Individuals Nationwide in Social Poverty Alleviation”. On October 17, the State Council held a national teleconference on social poverty alleviation. Some recognized representatives were invited to take part in the event, exchanged their respective experience at the conference and issued written proposal on social poverty alleviation. Combined with the national activities of“Poverty Alleviation Day”, relevant propaganda departments were arranged to report the stories of some models.

Ⅴ. Issued the guidance on promoting social poverty alleviation for the first time

On the basis of in-depth research, extensive solicitation of opinions of local governments and relevant departments and experts, on November 19, the General Office of the State Council issued the“Opinions on Further Mobilizing All Social Forces to Participate in Poverty Alleviation and Development”(Guo Ban Fa [2014] No. 58, hereinafter referred to as the“Opinions”), which is China’s first document on social poverty alleviation. The document puts forward the general requirements and basic principles of social poverty alleviation, and clarifies the requirements for the participants, participation way, support policies and organization guarantee. It is an important document to guide the current and future social poverty alleviation. It not only helps gather resources for poverty alleviation in the new era with wisdom of all people, but will help promote the communication between social groups and classes and play a role in carrying forward the socialist core values of mutual aid and promoting the establishment of a great poverty alleviation pattern characterized by the coordinated development of the government, market and society.

In 2014, we made constant innovations to the mechanism for social poverty alleviation, increased efforts on social poverty alleviation and achieved good results. On the one hand, the fixed-point poverty alleviation and the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation continued to play a leading role and more detailed plans were implemented. According to statistics, the 310 central and state organs involved in the fixed-point poverty alleviation constantly increased efforts on the anti-poverty work. In 2014, they invested anti-poverty funds (including goods) of 3.02 billion yuan, up 45.2% over 2013, reaching a record high. The SASAC mobilized 68 central enterprises to launch the fixed-point poverty alleviation in 100 counties and 10,000 villages of the poor old revolutionary base areas. In three years, according to the plan, they will help solve the water, electricity and road problems of 14954 poor villages in 108 poor old revolutionary base areas to promote the deepening and innovation of the fixed-point poverty alleviation work. 18 developed provinces and cities in East China generally increased efforts on poverty alleviation collaboration and issued financial funds of 1.34 billion yuan to the western impoverished regions, up 13% over 2013. Rongzhong Village of Meishan Town, Nan’an City, Fujian Province set up the training base of leaders in getting rich by launching businesses in poor villages, made innovations to the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation mode by adopting the training mode of“1+11”, and launched the pilot projects in four provinces (autonomous regions) including Gansu and Ningxia. On the other hand, private enterprises, social organizations and citizens all had higher enthusiasm for participating in the poverty alleviation and development, increasing forces for the anti-poverty work. Anhui, Henan, Guangxi, Chongqing and Sichuan explored the establishment of an information service platform for social poverty alleviation and announced the aid projects of poor villages and households for all circles of society to support. Shanxi Province continued to implement the industrial poverty alleviation and development project in one hundred enterprises and one thousand villages. Guangxi launched the activity for one thousand private businesses to support one thousand poor villages. During the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and social organizations nationwide carried out the donation activity through public welfare projects of social poverty alleviation with tens of thousands of participants. The LGOP also actively explored new forms and new means for social poverty alleviation, launched the pairing-off poverty alleviation between Dalian Wanda Group and Danzhai County of Guizhou Province, and launched the whole county poverty reduction action, creating a new model for private enterprises’participation in poverty alleviation.

(Department of International Cooperation and Social Poverty Mobility,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

【Selecting pilot areas for poverty alleviation reform】2014 is an important year to deepen the reform of poverty alleviation. The pilot reform of poverty alleviation was smoothly promoted and positive progress has been made.

The scope of pilot area for reform was further expanded. In 2014, after being reviewed by the joint meeting of pilot areas for reform and approved by the Central Rural Work Leading Group, we determined the second batch of pilot areas for rural reform, among which Xinyang of Henan, Pingnan County of Fujian, Tiandong County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Bazhou District of Bazhong City in Sichuan were pilot areas for the comprehensive reform of poverty alleviation and development. In December, the plenary session of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development agreed to expand the pilot area of poverty alleviation reform to include Suqian city of Jiangsu, Zibo City of Shandong and Sanming City of Fujian Province. The pilot area of poverty alleviation reform was further expanded and the reform was further promoted with more abundant contents.

Good results were achieved in the reform of the first batch of pilot areas.The General Office of Liaoning provincial government issued the“Circular on Division of Labor to Support the Construction of Fuxin National Experimental Zone for Poverty Alleviation Reform”, divided the pilot zone construction work into 31 parts and designated 33 provincial units to support the construction of the pilot areas. In March, Fuxin municipal party committee and municipal government formulated and issued the“Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of Experimental Zones in Fuxin for National Poverty Alleviation Reform”, clarified the tasks and objectives of pilot reform by 2020, divided the work into 63 tasks, made clear the leading units, participating departments and supervision municipal government leaders of the detailed tasks, and incorporated the construction of experimental zones into the performance evaluation system of the relevant counties, districts, departments and units. The organization department of municipal party committee, the Work Committee of Departments under the municipal party committee, the municipal poverty alleviation office and the supervision offices organized regular supervision and announcement, and the results are an important basis for the annual performance assessment of the relevant counties, districts, departments and units. Based on accurate identification of poverty reduction objects, the new poverty alleviation and development pattern of Fuxin has been basically established with the implementation of various policy measures as the guidance, the reform of agricultural production and management mechanism as the core, the urban-rural integration system supported by innovative industries, the ecological environmental industry poverty alleviation system, financial poverty alleviation mechanism and product innovation as the backbone, and the“group support”project as the platform.

Lishui municipal government attaches great importance to the pilot reform of poverty alleviation. The counties, districts and relevant commissions, offices and bureaus of the whole city all made clear the division of labor and responsibilities and the leading and participating units of the pilot reform. The relevant counties (cities, districts) established the working team to implement the pilot reform work, determined the reform and innovation tasks of three systems—the industrial poverty alleviation system, the relocation-based poverty reduction system and the social poverty alleviation system, 12 programs and 41 projects, and strived to promote the integrated rural reform supported by rural property rights system reform, rural financial reform and forestry right reform that highlights industrial poverty alleviation, promotes the transfer of farmers’property rights to the city and overcomes the obstacle of urban-rural dual structure, initially establishing the Lishui Mode integrating poverty alleviation reform with rural reform.

The“Overall Plan on the Construction of Pilot Areas for Poverty Alleviation Reform in Qingyuan City”issued by Qingyuan City People’s Government of Guangdong Province assigned the establishment of five major innovation mechanisms and 15 reform contents to the relevant counties (cities, districts) and municipal departments. Combined with the construction of pilot areas for poverty alleviation reform, we further enhanced the ability for accurate identification, accurate recognition, accurate management and accurate poverty relief, and implemented the blood-making poverty-relief projects. Determined the starting points of the construction of five major brands—deepening industrial poverty alleviation, skills training and labor transfer, social poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation and two projects (house renovation for low-income rural households with housing difficulty, and the relocation of“poor villages”with poor production and living conditions). Taking the division of main functional areas as an opportunity,we conducted differentiated assessment and made clear that the GDP assessment in the northern regions with poor ecological environment should focus on poverty alleviation and development and lifting the poor out of poverty. Meanwhile, 12 key tasks were assigned to eight counties (cities, districts), including industrial poverty alleviation, precise poverty alleviation, ecological poverty alleviation, social poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation, minority poverty alleviation, villagers’ autonomy, land adjustment, relocation, team building, coordination to promote poverty alleviation, and the two-wheel driven anti-poverty work integrating regional poverty alleviationand accurate poverty alleviation. The relevant counties (cities, districts) studied the relevant topics and achieved new results in the reform.

(Department of Policy and Regulation,

The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

Ⅲ. Special Poverty Alleviation

（Ⅰ）Main Achievements

Ⅰ. Overfulfilled the task of reducing poverty-stricken population by ten million

After Premier Li Keqiang proposed to reduce poverty-stricken population by 10 million in the Government Work Report 2014, the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) and the relevant departments called on local governments to develop the plan of reducing poverty-stricken population by 15%, and the provinces planned to reduce poverty-stricken people by 14.87 million, up to 18%. Local governments at all levels put a lot of efforts to earnestly complete the task. Taking the task of reducing poverty-stricken population by 10 million as an important part of“stabilizing growth, promoting reform, adjusting economic structure and benefiting people’s livelihood”, the State Council conducted special inspection on the work, the State Council Development Research Center organized the third-party assessment, and the State Auditing Administration carried out tracking audit. The State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development organized field research and supervision for three times to strengthen the daily supervision work. The central government allocated special anti-poverty funds of 43.3 billion yuan, up 10% over 2013. Local governments continued to increase inputs in poverty reduction. According to the reports submitted by the provincial governments, 28 provinces allocated 26.5 billion yuan of poverty-relief funds, up 27.3%. With joint efforts of the central and local governments at all levels, in 2014, we overfulfilled the annual poverty reduction task and reduced the rural poor by 12.32 million, 14.9% of the total.

Ⅱ. Comprehensively promoted the implementation of Document No. 25

The State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development issued a notice and made overall deployments on the implementation of the“Opinions on Mechanism Innovation to Steadily Push Forward Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development”(hereinafter referred to as the Document Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25). Wang Yang, Vice Premier of the State Council presided over 3 plenary sessions and a number of special meetings to make deployment on the work, and local governments and departments all strived to comprehensively implement the Opinions. 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (excluding Beijing and Shanghai) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have developed the implementation plans and introduced more than 120 supporting documents. Document Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25 puts forward six reform measures and ten key tasks, among which one is under the responsibility of local governments and 15 under the leadership of 13 departments. Implementation plans have been formulated for 12 tasks, and the drinking water safety, renovation of dilapidated buildings and electric power supply will be implemented with the industrial planning for the“Twelfth Five-Year Plan”period. Local governments and departments at all levels took unprecedented rapid action to address the problem of“the first one kilometer”.

Ⅲ. Poverty alleviation mechanism reform and innovation

First, promoting the reform of three mechanisms in poor counties. The Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and LGOP issued the“Opinions on the Improvement of Performance Appraisal of Party and Government Leading Group and Cadres in the Economic and Social Development in Poor Counties”and the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development issued the“Notice on the Establishment of Constraint Mechanism of Poor Counties”with provisions on what must be done, what is encouraged to be done and what is prohibited in poor counties. LGOP and the relevant departments carried out investigations and research on the establishment of exit mechanism of poor counties. Hebei, Guizhou and Gansu developed the exit standards and procedures, incentive measures and poverty alleviation timetable of poor counties. Second, establishing the precise poverty alleviation mechanism. The State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development took the registration and filing of poverty-stricken people as the“No.1 Project”of this year, completed the poverty identification and information entry work, and identified a total of 128016 impoverished villages, 29.32 million poor households and 88.62 million poor people. Third, organized village-stationed cadres’poverty alleviation. Send 125,000 working teams and 430,000 cadres to the poor villages, basically achieving full coverage of all impoverished villages. Fourth, promoting the reform of poverty-relief fund management mechanism. The State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development issued the“Opinions on the Reform of Fiscal Anti-poverty Fund Management Mechanism”, established the result-oriented fund allocation mechanism, delegated project approving power to the county government in principle, strengthened the supervision responsibility of provincial and city governments, simplified the procedures of fund allocation, established the information disclosure and public announcement system, promoted the third party supervision and poverty-reduction objects’participation in management, and strictly investigated and punished illegal acts. Set up there porting hotline of“12317”for poverty alleviation monitoring to accept social supervision. Completed the disposal of the illegal funds of 234 million yuan discovered in the audit in 19 counties of 6 provinces in 2013, recovered the embezzled cash and punished 143 duty officers. Fifth, promoting the innovation of financial poverty alleviation mode. Issued the“Guidance on Promoting Financial Services for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, held the national teleconference on financial services for poverty alleviation and development to make deployments on the work, issued the“Guidance on the Innovation and Development of Poverty-relief Microcredit”and made clear the objectives, principles, scope and pattern of support, policy measures and organizational guarantee of poverty-relief microcredit. China State Development Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, Export-Import Bank of China and China Life Insurance (Group) Company signed the strategic cooperation agreement with the LGOP. In 2014, a total of 99.8 billion yuan of poverty-relief soft loan was issued, doubled the figure in 2013 (46 billion yuan). Sixth, making innovations to the participation mechanism for social poverty alleviation. The State Council made October 17 the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, creating a new system platform for all circles of society to participate in poverty alleviation and development. The State Council held the first national teleconference on social poverty alleviation, the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development rewarded the advanced collectives and advanced individuals in social poverty alleviation for the first time, and the government issued the guiding document on social poverty alleviation for the first time. Wang Yang, Vice Premier of the State Council presided over the seminar on social poverty alleviation and made overall deployments on social poverty alleviation, requiring innovations and improvement of the social poverty alleviation mechanism for a good situation of social poverty alleviation participated by all people on the voluntary base.

Ⅳ. Steadily pushed forward key work

The relevant departments earnestly implemented the key work in ten fields according to the working plan and successfully completed the annual work task. First, village road building. The Ministry of Transport arranged more than 155 billion yuan to support the construction of 31700 km of highway and 96,000 km of rural roads as well as the construction of 138 bridges based on ropeway transformation, addressing the road problems of 10500 administrative villages of 93 towns. Second, drinking water safety. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Water Resources arranged 12.5 billion yuan to address the drinking water safety problem of 19 million rural residents and 2.85 million rural teachers and students. Third, guarantee of electricity supply. The National Energy Administration issued invested a total of 44.99 billion yuan in the upgrading of rural power grid in poor areas, especially in minority and old revolutionary base areas, and invested a total of 8.71 billion yuan to address the electricity problem of 840,000 people. Fourth, renovation of dilapidated houses. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance arranged subsidy funds of 23 billion yuan to support the renovation of dilapidated houses of poor rural households in 2.66 million poor areas and raised the central subsidy for renovation of dilapidated houses in 832 key counties and contiguous destitute areas from 7500 yuan per household to 8500 yuan per household. Fifth, income growth of featured industries. The Ministry of agriculture, the State Forestry Administration, LGOP, the Ministry of Commerce and the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives actively supported industrial poverty alleviation. Local governments continued to develop the traditional dominant industries such as woody fruits, herbivorous animal husbandry, pig and potato industry. At the same time, to adapt to the development of new technology and new business and create new growth points, Longnan City of Gansu Province vigorously develop E-business, Jinzhai County of Anhui Province developed photovoltaic industry and Yunnan Province focused on online sales of quality fruits, which played a positive role in lifting the masses out of poverty. Sixth, rural tourism-based poverty alleviation. The National Development and Reform Commission, National Tourism Administration, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Forestry administration and LGOP issued the“Circularon the Implementation of People Enriching by Rural Tourism to Promote Tourism-based Poverty Alleviation”, and selected 6130 administrative villages as the key villages for rural tourism development, including more than 2,000 registered impoverished villages. Seventh, education-based poverty reduction. The Ministry of Education and the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China issued the“National Child Development Planning for Impoverished Areas (2014-2020)”. Arranged special funds of 31 billion yuan to improve the conditions of compulsory education schools in poor areas and ensure that all the 40 million children in poor areas have nutritious meals every day. Eighth, Health and family planning work. The National Health and Family Planning Commission of China issued 19.85 billion yuan of central government funds to support the construction of 47,000 health and family planning agencies in poor areas. Ninth, Cultural construction work. The Ministry of Culture purchased bookmobiles for the key counties and contiguous destitute areas. The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television provided radio and TV programs for 650,000 natural villages with at most 20 households with access to electricity and subsidized 590,000 administrative villages for film screening. Tenth, informationization construction in poor villages. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other relevant departments solved the broadband problems of 13,000 poor villages and the telephone problem of 3760 natural villages with at least 20 households, and provided Internet service for the administrative villages of 18,000 contiguous destitute areas.

Ⅴ. Steadily advanced planning implementation in contiguous destitute areas

First, the local governments seriously performed their duties. Hunan, Guizhou and Gansu Province established the top-leader responsibility system for poverty alleviation in contiguous destitute areas. Hubei and Yunnan established the mechanism for relevant leaders to contact the contiguous destitute areas. Sichuan and Shaanxi included the implementation of poverty alleviation planning in contiguous destitute areas into the government target assessment. Chongqing issued special anti-poverty funds to encourage the concentration of various financial resources to the contiguous destitute areas. Guizhou Province put a lot of efforts on the industrial development and major project construction in contiguous destitute areas. The governments of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guizhou and Yunnan and the CPPCC of Anhui, Henan and Hubei Province held the joint meetings on poverty alleviation in contiguous destitute areas in turn to promote inter-provincial coordination. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region fully implemented the poverty reduction planning for three prefectures in South Xinjiang and issued more than 400 million yuan of fiscal funds for local industrial development and nearly 600 million yuan of discount loans for poverty alleviation.

Second, the contact units in contiguous destitute areas actively played their leading role. The Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Water Resources, State Forestry Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Railway Administration, China Railway Corporation, Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Health and Family Planning Commission held the inter-ministerial conferences on the anti-poverty work in contiguous destitute areas and summarized and exchanged experienced to address the major problems encountered in the process of planning implementation in the contiguous destitute areas.

Third, the relevant industries and sectors actively played their roles in industrial development. The relevant departments actively fulfilled their duties, introduced special support policies for and increased investment in contiguous destitute areas. The Ministry of Land and Resources launched projects linked with the adjustment of urban and rural construction land in 14 contiguous destitute areas. Under the premise of guaranteeing the land for local farmers’settlement and production development, some remaining funds can be used for related projects within the provincial jurisdiction, which is welcome by local governments. The National Bureau of Statistics strengthened poverty monitoring in contiguous destitute areas nationwide.

Fourth, the National Development and Reform Commission and LGOP actively played their roles in coordination.Organized local governments to summarize the major multi-regional infrastructure projects and ten key projects in contiguous destitute areas, promoted the implementation of the projects covered by the“12th Five-Year Plan”, and incorporate the projects not covered by the“12th Five-Year Plan”into the“13th Five-Year Plan”. A total of 4.75 trillion yuan was invested in the implementation of provincial planning in 14 contiguous destitute areas. Launched 53% of the major multi-county transport, water conservancy and energy projects and 60% of the ten key projects, and effectively supported the old revolutionary base areas to accelerate the development. Wang Yang, Vice Premier of the State Council chaired a special meeting on the development of specific measures to support the old revolutionary base areas. The National Development and Reform Commission and LGOP proposed the“Work Program on Implementing the Important Instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping and other Central Leaders on Supporting Old Revolutionary Base Areas”. LGOP started the preparation of planning for impoverished old revolutionary base areas. The Ministry of Finance arranged public welfare lottery funds of 1.4 billion yuan to support the poverty-relief projects in old revolutionary base areas. Continued to strengthen the poverty reduction work in minority and border regions. In 2014, the special anti-poverty funds for 8 minority provinces (autonomous regions) (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tibet, Guangxi, Ningxia, Yunnan, Guizhou and Qinghai) account for 42.7% of the total. LGOP issued the“Opinions on Further Supporting Xinjiang to Strengthen Poverty Alleviation and Development”. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and LGOP issued the“Implementation Plan of Technical Personnel Program of the Talent Support for Remote Impoverished Areas, Border Minority Areas and Old Revolutionary Base Areas”and sent technical personnel to serve the above three areas. Actively promoted the pilot work of poverty alleviation reform. Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, Qingyuan City of Guangdong Province and Fuxin City of Liaoning Province—three pilot areas for poverty alleviation reform made active explorations in poverty alleviation mechanism, policy measures and social poverty alleviation mode.

Ⅵ. Key work of precise poverty alleviation

First, continued to implement the entire village advancement project. Focusing on the construction new villages / houses for Yi, Tibetan and Bashan people, combined with the development of rural tourism, Sichuan Province vigorously promoted the construction of beautiful new countryside. Hainan provincial government made entire village advancement for poverty reduction in impoverished villages the top of the ten major practical things to be done for the people. Second, steadily pushed forward the poverty-reduction relocation. The government allocated 12.63 billion yuan of poverty-relief relocation funds for the relocation of 1.997 million people (including 5.5 billion yuan issued by the National Development and Reform Commission for the relocation of 917,000 people). To achieve the integration of urban and rural areas, Shaanxi Province arranged 11.25 billion yuan for the relocation of 114300 households and 423500 people. Based on the urbanization and interactive industrialization, Jiangxi Province guided the rural poor to move towards small towns and industrial parks. Third, new progress was made in the implementation of the Rain Plan. Continued to support new labors of needy families to receive higher and secondary vocational education and training. The central government issued financial funds of 800 million yuan to subsidize 642,000 students. Guangdong and Guangxi launched the pilot project of pairing-off vocational education to cultivate new labors for poor areas of Guangxi making use of the quality education resources of Guangdong Province. Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps organized the implementation of skills revitalization plan among the minority masses and the training of employment transfer for 28,000 person-times.

Ⅶ. Made new achievements in the innovation of social poverty alleviation

First,successful organization of activities on the first“Poverty Alleviation Day”. Before the first“Poverty Alleviation Day”, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang specially made important instructions with widespread and profound social influence. On the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, tens of thousands of people took part in the donation activity and the provincial governments raised nearly 5 billion yuan. Second, explored effective ways for private enterprises, social organizations and citizens to participate in poverty alleviation. Anhui Province and Henan Province explored the establishment of an information service platform for social poverty alleviation and announced the relief projects needed by poor villages and poor households to all circles of society to support. Shanxi Province further promoted the implementation of industrial poverty alleviation and development projects in one thousand villages by one hundred enterprises. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region launched the activity for one thousand private enterprises to support one thousand impoverished villages. Wanda Group launched the action of Entire County Poverty Reduction in Danzhai County of Guizhou Province. Third, further strengthened the fixed-point poverty alleviation. The SASAC mobilized 68 central enterprises to launch the fixed-point poverty alleviation in 100 counties and 10,000 villages of the poor old revolutionary base areas. In three years, according to the plan, they will help solve the water, electricity and road problems of nearly 150,000 poor villages in 108 poor old revolutionary base areas. The PLA and armed police forces continued their relief work in 2856 impoverished villages, 547 poor towns and 63 poor counties. 310 central state organs directly invested 2.88 billion yuan of relief funds for the key counties, up 38%. Provincial fixed-point poverty alleviation work was further promoted. Guangdong’s Shuangdao, Jiangsu’s five-party linkage, Chongqing’s group support and Gansu’s“Shuanglian”have become well-known brands. Fourth, further promoted the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation. The cooperation between Fujian and Ningxia, Guangdong and Guangxi, as well as Shanghai and Yunnan was further deepened. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Liaoning and Shandong established the mechanism for annual growth of 10% in aid funds. Shenzhen, Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and Guangzhou invested a total of 350 million yuan of relief funds in Guizhou Province. Rongzhong Village of Fujian Province established the leader training bases for getting rich by business launching in poor villages, made innovations to the East-West pairing-off poverty alleviation cooperation, and launched the pilot training projects in four provinces (autonomous regions) including Gansu and Ningxia.

Ⅷ. New progress was made in propaganda on poverty alleviation

Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee formulated the“Publicizing and Reporting Plan for the first National Poverty Alleviation Day”, organized major media and propaganda departments to carry out a series of promotional activities, and vigorously promoted the CPC Central Committee General Secretary Xi Jinping’s strategic thinking on poverty alleviation and development, the party and government’s poverty alleviation policy, the great achievements in poverty alleviation and development and our contributions to global poverty reduction; publicized the exemplary deeds of all circles of society in poverty reduction to carry forward the Chinese traditional virtues of helping the poor; publicized the spirit of self-reliance of the poor in impoverished regions, presented the basic experience and main practices in poverty alleviation and development and told poverty-relief stories. LGOP held the working conference to make deployments on poverty alleviation propaganda, held two press conferences and three news media meetings, had nine signed papers and interview reports on important newspaper such as the“People’s Daily”and“Seeking truth”, and made propaganda for 941 times in central media. Meanwhile, we promoted the revision and distribution of“China’s poverty alleviation”.

Ⅸ. New breakthroughs were made in international exchanges and cooperation in the area of poverty reduction

The international exchanges and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction was included into the state’s overall diplomacy and foreign aid strategy. The Chinese government and the African Union jointly issued the first“Program for China-Africa Cooperation in Poverty Reduction”and developed the first“Initiative on East Asian Cooperation in Poverty Reduction”. China invested 100 million yuan to implement the rural poverty reduction plan in the underdeveloped countries of East Asia and established the pilot area for East Asian cooperation in poverty alleviation. Accelerated the process of incorporating the international exchange and cooperation in poverty reduction into the strategy of“One Belt, One Road”and the framework of China-Latin American Forum on Cooperation; successfully held the Eighth China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction, the Second ASEAN + 3 Exchange of Village Cadres, the Fifth China-Africa Conference on Poverty Reduction and Development, etc.; further promoted the exchange and cooperation with the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, continued to implement the Fifth Project of the World Bank, promoted the implementation of the World Bank’s Sixth Project and actively introduced Bestseller Fund and other international resources to support the economic and social development in poverty-stricken areas.

(Department of Human Resources and Administration, LGOP)

（Ⅱ）Key Work

【Vocational education and training】In 2014, we continued to carry out the pilot reform of the Rain Plan implementation mode, issued the“Notice on the Pilot Reform of Full Coverage of the Rain Plan Implementation Mode in the Academic Year of 2014-2015”(Guo Kai Ban Si Fa [2014] No. 113) and the“Notice on the Pilot Reform of Full Coverage of the Rain Plan Implementation Mode in the Academic Year of 2013-2014”(Guo Kai Ban Si Fa [2014] No. 114), launched the pilot reform of the Rain Plan implementation mode in Guizhou, Gansu and Ningxia, laying a foundation for the subsidy policy for the registered poor to receive vocational education nationwide. A total of 3.644 million people took part in the training and got subsidies. We promoted the introduction of the“Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Vocational Education and Training of New Labors from Rural Poor Families”, achieving full coverage of all registered poor rural households in implementing subsidy policy and achieving the general policy support for registered poor households for the first time.

In November, we launched the pilot work of Guangdong-Guangxi cooperation in vocational education. Eight vocational education schools of Guangdong enrolled 2,000 children from registered needy families of Guangxi and the cooperation was conducted through the“2+1”mode-children from rural needy families receive three-year vocational education with the first two years in vocational schools in Guangxi and the third year for training and employment in Guangdong. Ten vocational schools planned to enroll 1,000 children from needy families of Guangxi in 2015 and all these children will be arranged to study in Guangdong. In December, we coordinated the two provinces (autonomous regions) to address the enrollment and subsidy fund problem and promote the successful implementation of the pilot work.

(Department of Development Guidance, LGOP)

【Poverty-relief relocation】In 2014, the National Development and Reform Commission arranged 5.5 billion yuan of central budget fund for the relocation of 916900 poor people living in the regions with harsh conditions to survive. According to the statistics of the provincial poverty alleviation departments, in 2014, the poverty alleviation departments of 19 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) (excluding Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Anhui, Shandong, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan and Gansu) organized the relocation of 1.13 million people and 289600 households with a total of investment of 37.7 billion yuan, of which 6.75 billion yuan was financial anti-poverty funds, 5.65 billion yuan was raised from relevant departments and 25.3 billion yuan was raised by the farmers themselves.

(Department of Planning and Finance, LGOP)

【Poverty-relief microcredit】Poverty-relief micro credit is directed, accurate preferential financial poverty alleviation policy, product and service. In December 2014, the LGOP, Ministry of Finance, People’s Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the“CBRC”) and China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as“CIRC”) jointly issued the“Guidance on the Innovation and Development of Poverty-relief Microcredit”(Guo Kai Ban Fa [2014] No. 78), developed tailored, sustained, safe, preferential credit loan for the registered poor and provided warranty-free anti-poverty microcredit products and services of less than 50,000 yuan within three years at benchmark interest rate. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) earnestly implemented the spirit of the document and explored a number of good practices, models and mechanisms.

In the construction of credit system, Mayang Miao Autonomous County of Hunan Province explored the“special credit rating”mode, established the anti-poverty credit mechanism characterized by six special (special targets, special conditions, special interest rate, special discount, special risk compensation fund and characteristic industry), accumulated rich experience in the field of financial poverty alleviation (targeting at the poor in fund allocation, leadership of capable persons and market-oriented industrial development) and achieving the full coverage of poor households in credit rating.Guizhou launched the special credit rating of registered poor households. Hunan and Guizhou completed the credit rating of more than 80% of the poor.

In the financial poverty alleviation cooperation, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Poverty Alleviation Office cooperated with five financial institutions including Ningxia branch of China Development Bank to create the brand of“Jinfu Project”and construct the pilot area for financial poverty alleviation in Ningxia; Guizhou provincial government cooperated with Guizhou Branch of China Development Bank to support the income growth of rural households; the Poverty Alleviation Office of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region signed a strategic cooperation agreement on financial poverty alleviation to enrich people with Inner Mongolia Branch of Agricultural Bank of China;Gansu provincial government signed a strategic agreement on the cooperation in poverty alleviation with the China Development Bank and carried out large-scale cooperation on financial poverty alleviation with the policy bank, commercial banks, local joint-stock banks and other financial sectors; Hunan Provincial poverty Alleviation Office and Hunan Provincial Rural Credit Cooperatives jointly issued relevant documents to promote the implementation of anti-poverty microcredit.

Working mechanism improvement: First, establish the risk compensation mechanism. Local governments all established the county-based risk compensation fund of 5 million to 50 million Yuan. Second,established the incentives system.In order to strengthen loan management and improve recovery rate, Jiangsu and Guangxi made clear that the annual assessment must be conducted with county as the unit, and 8% of reward funds shall be issued to the counties (cities, districts) with recovery rate above 92% based on average monthly loan, of which the grassroots credit cooperatives and poverty alleviation departments respectively shall get 70% and 30%. Third, purchased the anti-poverty microcredit insurance. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region used the mutual funds occupation fee income to buy life insurance for farmers for risk mitigation; in the“Zhengyinbao”project of Fuxin City of Liaoning Province,1.85% of the loan principal was charged for guaranty insurance. Fourth, strengthened the management of financial discount interest funds. In Hunan Province, the anti-poverty microcredit was issued at the benchmark interest rate, the government made clear the amount of financial discount funds for the loans to the poor rural households in various counties (cities, districts): no more than 2,000 yuan / person for autonomous regions and 1,000-1500 yuan / person in other cities and counties. Yunnan Province clarified that the proportion of poverty-relief discount loans for the registered poor should be no less than 50% to ensure that more than 70% of the households applying for loans will get anti-poverty loans. Jiangsu provincial government clearly required rural credit cooperatives to issue loans to low-income rural households at the benchmark interest rate in the same period and provide discount subsidy for the rural households that repay loans on time.

(Department of Development Guidance, LGOP)

【Entire Village Advancement】In November 2014, LGOP issued the“Notice on Submitting the Work Summary Report 2014 and Work Plan 2015 on Special Poverty Alleviation and Pilot Projects”and summarized the entire village advancement and poverty-relief relocation work of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). In 2014, the Entire Village Advancement Project was implemented in 29800 villages (200 townsin Tibet Autonomous Region) with a total of investment of 67.476 billion yuan, 2.4 million yuan per village, including 14.766 billion yuan of central government’s anti-poverty funds, 9.215 billion yuan of local anti-poverty funds, 30.8 billion yuan of department funds and 12.695 billion yuan of other funds. Among the 30,000 villages covered by the“12th Five-Year Plan”, 13,800 villages launched the projects (200 townsin Tibet Autonomous Region) with a total investment of 34.753 billion yuan, including 9.67 billion yuan of central government’s anti-poverty funds, 4.09 billion yuan of local anti-poverty funds, 14.896 billion yuan of department funds and 6.095 billion yuan of other funds, 2.52 million yuan per village, including one million yuan of financial funds.

(Department of Planning and Finance, LGOP)

【Industrial poverty alleviation】Developed new area for industrial poverty alleviation. We consulted with the National Energy Administration for the implementation of the photovoltaic poverty alleviation project and launched the pilot projects in 30 counties of six provinces. In consultation with the National Tourism Administration, we implemented the rural tourism-based poverty alleviation project and launched the pilot work in 500 registered poor villages of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Meanwhile, we implemented the electricity suppliers’poverty alleviation project and launched the pilot project in 450 registered impoverished villages of Longnan City, Gansu Province. We introduced new business, new technology and new mechanisms to the field of poverty alleviation and development and made new breakthroughs in industry development in poor villages.

Strengthened guidance on the development of traditional industries. Issued the“Implementation Plan on Income Growth of Featured Industries”(Nong Ji Fa [2014] No.75) jointly with six ministries and commissions including the Ministry of Agriculture, developed the guide directory of characteristic competitive poverty alleviation industries, guided the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to strengthen business guidance on county (city) poverty alleviation work after delegating the approval right to the county government, and helped the county (city) poverty alleviation offices to formulate the directory of production development projects suitable for local poor villages and poor households.

Continued to advance the pilot work. In 2014, we entrusted the third party to made assessment on the pilot work, guided the pilot provinces (autonomous regions) to focus on special support for the registered poor and made initial progress in pilot work. On the basis of central government’s investment of 15 million yuan, the local government integrated various kinds of funds of 3.3 billion yuan to support the pilot project in the central arid areas of Ningxia, and issued at least 4,000 yuan per household for the registered poor. The average annual investment in the pilot project of sheep breeding in Dongxiang Autonomous County and Jishishan Bao’an Dongxiang Salar Autonomous Region of Gansu Province amounted to 160 million yuan, of which 40 million yuan was from the central government, and the project covered 17 towns, 58 villages and more than 9,000 poor households.

(Department of Development Guidance, LGOP)

【Construction of old revolutionary base areas】In 2014, a total of 1.5 billion yuan of central lottery funds was invested to support the construction of old revolutionary base areas, with priority given to the entire village advancement and small public facility projects in 151 old revolutionary base areas of 20 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities).

Ⅰ. Entire Village Advancement Project

300 million yuan of central lottery funds was allocated. According to the principle of adhering to scientific planning for contiguous destitute areas, highlighting key points and giving priority to people’s livelihood improvement, democratic decision-making and public participation, fair competition and public announcement as well as coordinating all circles of society to form a cohesive force, we implemented the infrastructure, environmental and public facilities and industrial development projects in 205 impoverished villages of 30 poor old revolutionary base counties in 11 provinces (autonomous regions).

Infrastructure construction. 180 million yuan of lottery funds was invested to support infrastructure construction and improve the production and living conditions of poor villages. Among that, 132 million yuan was invested in road and relevant facility construction, covering the construction and renovation of village roads, production roads and joint household roads of 531 km and the construction of 51 bridges. 13.3593 million yuan was invested in drinking water project construction, covering the construction of 247 motor pumped wells, 17 water supply stations and 17 water cellars and ponds as well as the pavement of 32 km of water pipelines. 27.9409 million yuan was put in the construction of small water conservancy projects, including the renovation of two mountain ponds, the construction of three impounding reservoirs, the construction and renovation of 24 km of irrigation canals, the construction of eight pumping stations, the hardening of one rain collection center and the construction of 15 water gates and 79 km of village floodway. 2.892 million yuan was invested in soil improvement, covering 834 mu of dry land. 1.325 million yuan was put in rural energy project construction, covering the construction of one biogas digester and the purchase of 86 solar cookers / water heaters. 1.9317 million yuan was put in the transformation of rural power grid, covering the construction of 9.6 km of high-voltage circuits and 5.3 km of low-voltage circuits and the purchase of 18 transformers.

Environmental and public service facilities construction. 44.7723 million yuan of lottery funds was issued for environmental improvement and the construction of public facilities, aiming to improve the living environment of poor villages and promote enhance the public services levels. Among that, 7.5017 million yuan was invested to improve living environment, covering the renovation of toilets, kitchens and pig pens of 1230 households, the construction of yards and dams and the improvement of yards, etc. 23.078 million yuan was invested in the construction of education, health and cultural facilities, covering the renovation of two village primary schools, the construction of 188 cultural activity rooms, clinics and rural libraries and 50 cultural squares as well as the purchase of 35 sets of fitness facilities. 14.1926 million yuan was put in village appearance improvement, covering the construction of 229 garbage collection points, six sewage treatment centers and 69 public toilets, the installation of 1679 street lamps and the construction of 31 afforestation facilities.

Industrial development. 75.4994 million yuan of public lottery funds was issued for industrial development to cultivate and develop competitive characteristic industries and increase the income of farmers. Among that, 1.354 million yuan was invested in the planting of 1140 mu of grain, corn, wheat and potato. 22.359 million yuan was put in the planting of cash crops, covering 3238 mu of vegetables, konjak, Chinese herbal medicine and flowers. 2.61 million yuan was invested in forest and fruit industry, covering the construction and renovation of 587.6 mu of tea gardens and the planting of 1406 mu of fruit and nuts. 32.4535 million yuan was put in aquaculture industry, covering the breeding of 12784 pigs, cows and sheep, 42.2 million of poultries and 300,000 fishes and shrimps, the construction of 184 farming communities and bee-keeping of 527 boxes. 15.196 million yuan was put in the processing of farm produce and sideline products, covering the construction of ten workshops of grain, forge grass, meat food, tea and nuts and three mills and vegetable markets. 485,000 yuan was invested in capacity building, covering the practical technical training for 5898 person-times and practical skills training for 286 person-times. 1.05 million yuan was invested in mutual funds, mainly for the mutual fund projects of seven poor villages.

Ⅱ. Small public facility projects

Central special public lottery funds of 1.2 billion yuan were allocated for these projects. Under the principle of highlighting key points, open competition, democratic decision-making and centralized support, we launched the construction of traffic, water conservancy and environmental improvement projects in 121 old revolutionary base counties of 20 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).

Transportation facilities construction. 992 million yuan of public lottery funds was allocated for the construction of transportation facilities and the improvement of rural roads, mainly covering the construction and renovation of 44700 km of village roads, 3814 km of production roads (tractor roads) and 227 km of joint household roads.

Water conservancy facilities construction. 145 million yuan of public lottery funds was allocated to construct water conservancy facilities, improve the living standards of rural households and address the production water problem, covering the construction of 7891 centralized water supply stations, 307 irrigation reservoirs, 1079 small reservoirs and 3875 km of irrigation canals.

Environmental improvement. 62.815 million yuan of public lottery funds was allocated for the construction of environmental improvement facilities and the improvement of farmers’production conditions and environment, covering the construction of 1830 garbage collection centers, 1192 sewage treatment centers and 761 public toilets in villages.

Ⅲ. Project effect

Through the institutional guarantee and the implementation of management, supervision and evaluation mechanisms, on the basis of fully respecting the wishes of farmers in poor areas and meeting the actual needs of poor areas, focusing on village road and small water conservancy facility construction, education, health, culture and environmental services and industrial development, the lottery fund projects were implemented to eventually address the prominent problems of road, drinking water, irrigation and production difficulties of project villages and project households, effectively change the situation of dirt and disorderin some regions including the garbage and faeces piling and poor sewage treatment, significantly improve the appearance of the villages in project area, constantly enrich farmers’cultural life, promote the pluralistic development of industries in impoverished regions, improve the effectiveness of agricultural production and increase the income of farmers.

(Wang Jing, Special Poverty Alleviation Department,

China Poverty Alleviation and Development Center

【Cadre training in poor areas】In 20104, we held a total of 21 cadre training courses in poor areas. We organized the trainings of party and government leaders as well as poverty alleviation leaders for the key counties and contiguous destitute areas for 1653 person-times.

To promote the poverty alleviation and development work in the key counties and contiguous poor counties for poverty reduction, in September 2014, we held in the National School of Administration the first seminar on party and government work in the key counties and contiguous poor counties for poverty reduction, invited the ministerial and bureau-level leaders of the membership units of State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development to give lectures and achieved good results.

Formulated the“Poverty Alleviation Cadre Training Plan 2015-2017”. Through holding national conferences, providing intellectual support and establishing assessment system, we strived to further enhance the level of local cadres training. Meanwhile, we increased efforts on our cooperation with local governments in sharing teachers, classes, teaching materials, survey points, experience (cases), training modes and teaching organization, initially establishing the training network characterized by both parties’complementing each other’s advantages and cooperation for a win-win situation.

Enriched the teacher resources for the training of poverty alleviation cadres and made the teacher team more reasonable and more stable. In cooperation with three universities, we prepared two teaching materials for training—the“Selected Cases of Poverty Alleviation and Development with Chinese Characteristics and the Analysis”and the“References for Village-stationed Poverty Alleviation (Draft)”, developed the standards for the training bases and set up two bases respectively in Liannan of Guangdong and Bazhong of Sichuan. In addition, we set up the distance education training base jointly with Tsinghua University.

In order to adapt to the new situation and new tasks, we summarized the cadre training work and made suggestions on promoting the cadre training in the new stage and wrote the“Study on Cadre Education and Training in Poor Areas”, which won the second prize in the cadre education topic appraisal and selection organized by the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee.

(Department of Human Resources and Administration, LGOP)

【Investment of anti-poverty funds】In 2014, the central government and all the provinces earnestly implemented the spirit of Document Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25 and the“Opinions of State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development on Reforming the Mechanism for the Management of Financial Anti-poverty Funds”(Guo Kai Fa [2014] No.9, hereinafter referred to as the Document Guo Kai Fa [2014] No.9), focusing on precise poverty reduction, with reform and innovation as the impetus, carried out active reform on the fund allocation, management and use mechanism, steadily increased investment in poverty alleviation and development, effectively enhanced the efficiency of fund allocation, constantly improved the supervision mechanism with power and responsibility well matched and enhanced the effect of fund use.

Increased the investment of financial anti-poverty funds. In 2014, the central and provincial governments issued a total of 70 billion yuan of special poverty-relief funds, with an increase of 9.74 billion yuan over 2013, up 16.2%, of which: 43.3 billion yuan was from the central government, with an increase of 3.89 billion yuan, up 10%; and 26.7 billion yuan was from provincial governments, with an increase of 5.86 billion yuan, up 28%. In addition, we broadened the sources of anti-poverty funds and arranged central lottery funds of 1.5 billion yuan for poverty reduction.

High pertinence of fund use. With the implementation of the strategy for precise poverty alleviation, in accordance with the requirements of accurate poverty alleviation, we further changed the investment direction of anti-poverty funds and launched the projects directly to poor villages and poor households to ensure that the anti-poverty funds will directly benefit the poor.

1. Enhancing the pertinence of fund use. Taking“accurate support”as an important principle of the reform of the fund management mechanism, after the central government announced the estimated anti-poverty funds to be allocated to the provincial governments, the provincial governments coordinated the fund use and constantly enhanced the pertinence of fund use; on the basis of completing the filing work of the poor, optimized the poverty alleviation project design and developed specific policy measures for poor villages and poor households in relocation, Rain Plan, anti-poverty microcredit and filing work to link the use of poverty-relief funds with the filing results. In 2014, 83.1% of the central anti-poverty funds were used for household poverty reduction, with an increase of 6.5 percentage points over 2013.

2. Supporting the implementation of accurate poverty alleviation measures. To cultivate competitive characteristic industries and improve the developmentcapability, we actively supported the implementation of the Rain Plan, anti-poverty microcredit, relocation and entire village advancement work. According to statistics (central and provincial governments reported a total of capital investment of 62.5 billion yuan, including 43.24 billion yuan of the central government), the central and provincial governments allocated a total of 38.8 billion yuan for the work, accounting for 62% of the total, including 21.6 billion yuan for entire village advancement, accounting for 34.5%. In addition, 22.8 billion yuan of funds was allocated for poverty alleviation by science and technology, contiguous development, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, border poverty alleviation, other household support, poverty reduction by village-stationed working team and poverty alleviation industrial parks, accounting for 36.5%. Among that, 25.2 billion yuan of central anti-poverty funds was allocated for the work in the above four areas, accounting for 62% of the total of central government’s inputs.

3. Promoting industry development and improve the basic production and living conditions. Local governments increase support for competitive characteristic industries. The central and provincial governments allocated 27.5 billion yuan for industrial development, accounting for 44% of the reported amount, 7.5 percentage points down. 28.3 billion yuan was allocated for the infrastructure construction to improve the basic production and living conditions of poor villages, such as farmland, water conservancy, village road, drinking water and biogas projects, the renovation of dangerous houses and so on, accounting for 45% of the total, up 9.6 percentage points. The central government investment in the above two aspects was respectively 19.5 billion yuan and 16.2 billion yuan, accounting for 49.5% and 41.1% respectively, up 4.2 and 6.6 percentage points respectively.

The proportion of funds for infrastructure construction was raised compared to that in 2013. It shows to some extent that after the project approval power was delegated, the local governments still prefer infrastructure construction to industrial development project due to the poor infrastructure in impoverished villages.

4. The funds were mainly used to support contiguous destitute areas and key counties for poverty alleviation and development. The increased anti-poverty funds of central government were mainly used to support contiguous destitute areas. According to the data of relevant provinces, in 2014, the central and provincial governments invested a total of 46.63 billion yuan in the poverty reduction in contiguous destitute areas and key counties, accounting for 67% of the total (39.2 billion yuan was issued to 14 contiguous destitute areas, accounting for 56%). Among that, 35.9 billion yuan was invested by the central government, accounting for 83% of the total central investment (30.8 billion yuan was issued to 14 contiguous destitute areas, accounting for 71%).

(Department of Planning and Finance, LGOP)

【Management of anti-poverty funds】LGOP and the Ministry of Finance earnestly implemented the spirit of Document Guo Kai Fa [2014] No.9, reformed the financial anti-poverty fund management and supervision mechanism and promoted the devolution of project approval power to the county government. The provincial government further implemented the regulatory responsibility, constantly increased efforts on performance evaluation, supervision and inspection, enhanced the transparency of the management of fund projects, played an increasingly supervisory role and constantly improved the monitoring system.

1. Further deepening the reform of fund management mechanism. 11 provinces (autonomous regions) issued opinions on the implementation of the spirit of Document Guo Kai Fa [2014] No.9. Further improved the mechanism for the stable growth of the financial anti-poverty funds and broadened the financing channels to explore new models for social funds to participate in the poverty alleviation and development. Increased the weight of poverty-relief effectiveness in the allocation of funds, implemented the competitive allocation mechanismin key work and key projects and delegated project approval power. In 2014, the central government’s anti-poverty funds were issued to the provincial governments directly based on relevant factors and no special funds of poverty-relief loan discount, technology poverty alleviation fund and reserved funds. At the same time, the provincial governments were required to delegate the project approval power to the county governments. 70% of the financial anti-poverty fundproject approval power of 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) (not including Beijing and Tianjin) was given to the county (state, city, district) governments, further enhancing the power and responsibility of county governments in poverty alleviation and development and enhancing the autonomy of local governments in fund use according to actual needs. Promoted the financial alleviation and gave full play to the exemplary role of financial anti-poverty funds. In 2014, 98.8 billion yuan of anti-poverty small loans was issued to alleviate the loan and financing problems of the poor. The governments of 13 provinces began to purchase services from a third party and the range and scope of procurement was expanding constantly.

2. Strengthening the rectification of problems discovered in the audit. From April to May 2013, the State Auditing Administration audited the allocation, management and use of financial anti-poverty funds in 19 key counties for poverty alleviation and development of six provinces (autonomous regions) namely Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia during the period from 2010 to 2012. LGOP urged the six provinces (autonomous regions) to carry out rectification of problems discovered in the audit and arranged 28 provinces (autonomous regions) with anti-poverty tasks to carry out self-inspection and self-correction in the allocation and use of anti-poverty funds. According to the statistics of the six provinces (autonomous regions), all the problems discovered have been solved, involving 234 million yuan of anti-poverty funds and 143 people. 227 million yuan of funds unused for at least one year was used through project adjustment. The provinces (autonomous regions) introduced or revised 41 normative documents and improved the relevant management systems.

3. Strengthening fund supervision and management. First, strengthen local regulatory responsibility. Through job instruction, project registration and audit, supervision and inspection, the provincial and city governments turned their focus to strengthening the management and supervision of funds and projects and gradually established a fund management mechanism characterized by clear division of labor, unification of duties and power and strict management. In the financial inspection, planning preparation, project evaluation, business consulting, audit services, asset evaluation and performance assessment, we explored the government purchase of social services and introduced a third party for supervision. The central government strengthened the supervision on the implementation of the provincial regulatory responsibilities. Second, improve the information disclosure and project announcement system.Provinces established various kinds of announcement systems and nine provinces issued the implementation plans. Governments above county level established the information disclosure systems and announced the policies and information on fund use at the government website or local daily newspaper. Governments below the county level established the announcement and publicity system, announced the information on poverty reduction targets, fund arrangement and project construction through newspapers, radio, village affairs column and guideboards in project construction sites and by arranging volunteer village supervisors, guided the poor to actively participate in the management to accept supervision by the masses.

4. Severely punishing violations. Conducted strict management of anti-poverty funds according to law and cooperated with the relevant departments to carry out supervision, auditing and warning work; set the reporting hotline of“12317”; reduced the funds to be allocated to the provinces with serious violations in 2014; compiled the records of illegal cases in the field of poverty alleviation and gave play to the role of investigation in addressing fundamental problems.

We made positive progress in the use of the special funds for poverty alleviation and played an important role in accelerating the development of poor areas, improving the basic living conditions of the poor, increasing the income of the poor and enhancing the development ability. In 2014, the provinces all overfulfilled the poverty reduction task and the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poor areas was 1.5 percentage points higher than the national average.

(Department of Planning and Finance, LGOP)

【Registration of the poor】Document Zhong Ban Fa [2013] No. 25 had clear requirements on the establishment of a precise poverty alleviation mechanism: The state shall develop a unified poverty reduction target identification method; on the basis of the work done, the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) shall adhere to the effective convergence between poverty alleviation and the rural minimum living security system, organize the registration of poor villages and poor households according to the principle of county based scale control, graded responsibility, accurate identification and dynamic management, and a national poverty alleviation information system should be established. In order to implement the spirit of the above document, on May 12, 2014, LGOP, the Central Rural Work Leading Group Office, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Bureau of Statistics, the Communist Youth League Central Committee and China Disabled Persons’Federation jointly issued the“Implementation Plan on the Establishment of A Mechanism for Accurate Poverty Alleviation”.

On April 2, 2014, LGOP issued the“Archiving Program for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, making clear the standards and methods for the identification of poor households and poor villages. The standard for the identification of poor households: national rural poverty alleviation standard—per capita net income of farmers of 2736 yuan in 2013 (equivalent to constant price of 2300 yuan in 2010). Method for the identification of poor household: Taking the rural poor population of 82.49 million at the end of 2013 issued by the National Bureau of Statistics as the base number, conducted scale control and assigned the task of identification of poor residents to the administrative villages. Taking rural household’s income as the basis, taking into account the housing, education and health status, identify the poor households through the procedure of farmers’application, democratic appraisal, public announcement and audit by governments at all levels. The standard for the identification of poor villages:“one high, one low and one no”in principle, i.e.: the poverty rate of the administrative village is twice that of the province, the per capital net income of rural residents of the administrative village in 2013 was less than 60% of the provincial average, and the administrative village has no collective economic income. The method for the identification of poor villages: According to the requirement of overall responsibility undertaken by provincial government, the provincial leading group of poverty alleviation and development should determine the poor village scale of the province and report to the LGOP for approval, carry out scale control and assign the identification of poor villages to the township governments, and carry out the work according to the procedure of“village’s voluntary application, township government audit and approval by the county leading group of poverty alleviation and development”.

On June 12, 2014, LOGP issued the“Archiving Index System for Poverty Alleviation and Development”, requiring local governments to organize the archiving work in accordance with the unified“registration form of poor households”,“registration form of poor villages”and“registration form of poor counties”.

As of the end of 2014, local governments had completed the identification of impoverished villages and poor households, identifying a total of 128,000 impoverished villages, 29.32 million poor households and 88.62 million poor people, and entered these data into the national poverty alleviation and development information system. Specific work of the identification of the poor included:

Doing a good job of propaganda to guarantee public participation. First, a wide range. Local governments mobilized the masses to get involved in the work, made propaganda on archiving work’s objectives, requirements, standards and procedures in the villages and households to ensure people’s right to know and right to participate. Second, new method. Strive to achieve the full coverage of policy publicity through TV, radio, on-site Q&A, portal website publicity, posting announcements, distributing leaflets, SMSsending, hanging banners and mobile phone newspaper, etc. Third, highlighting the characteristics of ethnic regions. Qinghai, Tibet and Xinjiang translated the relevant contents of archiving work into local languages to ensure minority people’s right to know and right to participate.

Holding classified training to improve the working ability. First, comprehensive training content, covering the work plan, index system, software system, data cleaning, etc.. Second, timely and effective training. LGOP held five special trainings for more than 400 people. Local governments also organized three rounds of special trainings on the poor’s identification procedures, the operation of the archiving data index system and the use of information collection software. Third, a wide range of trainees. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) held more than 5,000 trainings for 638,000 person-times. Shaanxi, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan held business personnel trainings for more than 60,000 person-times.

Standardizing the procedures to ensure accurate identification. First, strict control of the scale and stepwise decomposition of the number of poor people and impoverished villages. Under the principle of county-based scale control, graded responsibility, accurate identification and dynamic management, most provinces decomposed the scale of poverty-stricken people to administrative villages and the number of poor villages to the township government according to the requirements of“one high, one low and one no”mentioned above. Second, identification of poor population according to the procedure of“two announcements and one publicity”. Many regions carried out rectification on problems discovered in procedure implementation. In the identification of poor households, while adhering to the procedure of“two announcements and one publicity”, local governments also developed detailed plans on the work based on actual situations.

Making arrangements for personnel expenses to provide a strong guarantee. In 2014, about 800,000 cadres above township level (including members of village-stationed work teams) participated in the archiving work, including 132,000 from Guizhou and more than 60,000 from Henan, Guangdong and Sichuan. Xinjiang mobilized 25,000 members of village-stationed work teams to carry out archiving work for 1.23 million poor households and 5600 impoverished villages. Local governments also mobilized social forces to participate in the archiving work. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region mobilized 1260 people to get involved in the“three supports and one assistance”and Qinghai mobilized more than 1100 volunteers to support the work. As for funding, 28 provinces all arranged special funds and invested a total of 527.846 million yuan for the archiving work, including 249.102 million yuan from the provincial government and 278.744 million yuan from the city and county governments.

Organizing special inspection to ensure the quality of work. To accelerate the archiving work, in 2014, LGOP organized three inspection activities headed by the party members to carry out field research in 26 26 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities); the Information Center send 25 inspection teams of more than 80 people to carry out overall inspection on the archiving work and village poverty alleviation in 26 province (autonomous regions and municipalities). Through province’s spot checks, city’s supervision and county’s verification, local governments carried out the characteristic supervision, and the LGOP established the ten-day reporting system of archiving work for poverty alleviation.

(Information Center of LGOP)

【Photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation】Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in poverty alleviation and development, but the problem of poverty is still grim due to many factors. As of the end of 2013, China still had a rural poor population of 82.49 million, who lived in deep poverty. Especially in the 14 contiguous destitute areas determined by the“China Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Program (2011-2020)”, the poverty rate was 15.7 percentage points above the national average, the per capita net income of farmers was only 60% of the national average, the medical expenditure was only 60% of the average of poor rural areas nationwide, the illiterate and semi illiterate proportion of labors was 3.6 percentage points above the national level, nearly 3,000 village had no access to electricity, nearly 100,000 village had no access to asphalt roads, more than 3,000 rural residents had the difficulties in drinking water problem and the poverty reduction was costly and very difficult here. The 680 counties of the 14 contiguous destitute areas and the 252 key counties for poverty reduction not in the contiguous destitute areas were mainly distributed in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Loess Plateau, deserted regions of Northwest China, southwest stony mountains,the remote mountains in the central areas of China and other regions with harsh natural conditions, and nearly 300 counties were prohibited to be developed according to the national planning on main functional areas. In addition, these areas have good light and heat conditions, suitable for the development of photovoltaic industry. In view of this, the poverty alleviation sector and the energy sector jointly launched a series of pilot projects of photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation in Anhui, Hebei and Ningxia. Practice has proved that photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation in impoverished regions is in line with both the national energy development strategy and the development-oriented poverty alleviation strategy. Poor households do not need to spend any money on electric power use in the project construction. It is a good project that is conducive to the current and future development and conducive to poverty alleviation and development as well.

In July 2014, the State Council required the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Energy Administration and LGOP to study the implementation of photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation. LGOP and the State Energy Administration respectively carried out field survey in Jinzhai County of Anhui Province in August. On this basis, in September, after careful consultation, taking the first“National Poverty Alleviation Day”(October 17) as an opportunity, the State Energy Administration and LGOP decided to launch the project of photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation. On October 11, the two sides jointly issued the“Work Plan on Photovoltaic Power Generation for Poverty Alleviation”and proposed to launch the pilot work in 30 counties of Ningxia, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei, Gansu and Qinghai in 2015. On the one hand, explore effective ways for accurate poverty alleviation so that the poor will directly benefit from the project of distributed photovoltaic power generation and get dividends and jobs. On the other hand, accumulate experience to lay a foundation for the overall complementation of the project, make photovoltaic industry a dominant industry for poverty reduction in impoverished regions, and incorporate the project of photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation into the national“13th Five-Year Plan”through the implementation of pilot projects for one year. Wang Yang, Vice Premier of the State Council, listened to the speech titled“photovoltaic power generation for poverty alleviation, farmers’income growth and industry development to benefit the nation and the people”delivered by Researcher Xu Honghua of Office of Electricity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences at the seminar on social poverty alleviation on the“Poverty Alleviation Day”, highly affirmed the work results and put forward requirements on the implementation. On November 15,the“Notice on the Implementation of Photovoltaic Power Generation for Poverty Alleviation”was issued and the pilot work was officially launched.

(Department of Development Guidance, LGOP)

【Leaders training for enriching people by business launching in poor villages】In 2014, the pilot work of leaders training for enriching people by business launching in poor villages was launched. Four trainings were held for people from registered poor villages of four provinces (autonomous regions) with the training mode 1+11: One month of centralized training and 11 months of follow-up tutorship. Local governments provided the conditions and policy support for business launching.In mid-December, we made assessment on the first training course and coordinated relevant provinces and cities to provide support for the trainees’tutorship.

(Department of Development Guidance, LGOP)

【Poverty alleviation in contiguous destitute areas】According to the relevant data of LGOP and the National Development and Reform Commission, as of the end of 2014, a total of 7.5 trillion yuan had been invested in the 14 contiguous destitute areas, 53% of the major county-level traffic, water conservancy and energy projects and 60% of the ten key projects had been launched.

These results are achieved for the following four reasons:

Ⅰ. The contact units of the contiguous destitute areas vigorously promoted the work and played a leading role

After the central government decided to establish the contiguous destitute areas contact mechanism, with a high degree of political responsibility and sense of mission,the contact units of the contiguous destitute areas have fully played a leading role in the planning implementation and done a lot of work on communication, research, supervision and guidance, making a great contribution to local poverty reduction.

First, strengthening organizational support and improving the working mechanism. The Ministry of Education and the Yunnan provincial government jointly formulated the“Plan on Accelerating the Education Reform and Development in West Yunnan (2012-2017)”and issued the internal task decomposition scheme. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the State Railway Administration and China Railway Corporation improved the working mechanism according to the changes in agency and responsibility based on the original contact work. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology expanded the leading group for poverty alleviation and improved the mechanism for the pairing-off contact between 33 counties of the Yanshan-Taihang mountain area and units subordinated to relevant ministries. The Ministry of Civil Affairs presided over a number of internal coordination conferences to fulfill its duties. The Ministry of Land and Resources repeatedly listened to the contact work reports of the contiguous destitute areas, assigned the specific work to the relevant departments and units and carried out inspection and assessment. The Ministry of Water Resources issued the opinions on the contact work in contiguous destitute areas and formulated the methods on the assessment of poverty relief work in the field of water conservancy. The Ministry of Agriculture required 19 units with the task of pairing-off poverty reduction to do at least one practical thing for the twinned poor county of the contiguous destitute areas. The National Health and Family Planning Commission integrated the resources of the original Ministry of Health and the original National Population and Family Planning Commission to strengthen the contact with the contiguous destitute areas. China Railway Corporation took the initiative to adapt to the new situation of the reform of the railway management system, and went all out to promote the poverty alleviation work according to the requirements of the government.

Second, carrying out in-depth survey and research to understand the situation of the planning implementation. Combined with the implementation of poverty reduction plan in the contiguous destitute areas, the contact units strengthened the survey and research work to timely understand the problems in the planning implementation and local governments’suggestions. Vice Chairman of the CPPCC National Committee and Director General of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission Wang Zhengweiheaded a delegation to carry out field research in Wuling Mountain Area. Headed by the top leaders, the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the National Health and Family Planning Commission carried out field survey in the contiguous destitute areas to understand the situation of planning implementation. The Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the State Forestry Administration also sent some people to carry out field research on relevant topics and developed some support measures.

Third, strengthening coordination to promote inter-ministerial contacts and the communication between the relevant ministries and provincial governments. Except individual contiguous poor area, all other contiguous destitute areas held the inter-ministerial meetings to promote the key problem tacking for poverty reduction, and the meetings of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Land and Resources were chaired by the top leaders. The Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Ministry of Transport and National Health and family Planning Commission all coordinated the relevant ministries to increase support for the twinned contiguous destitute areas through visits or letters, aiming to help solve the relevant difficulties and problems. The Ministry of Transport guided the transportation and poverty alleviation departments to establish the trans-provincial collaboration mechanism for the poverty reduction by transportation in Liupan Mountain Area. The Ministry of Education summarized the policy and project needs of the contiguous destitute areas at the border regions of West Yunnan and held the experience-sharing conference jointly with the Yunnan provincial government to strengthen communication and coordination. The State Ethnic Affairs Commission, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Transport and China Railway Corporation communicated with one another for many times to promote the implementation of the major railway projects such as Qianzhangchang Railway in the contiguous destitute areas. The Ministry of Land and Resources actively coordinated 35 ministries and commissions to support the 53 projects proposed by the three provinces in the Wumeng Mountain Area and carry out follow-up investigation into the implementation situation.

Fourth, giving play to the industrial advantage to increase support. The contact units of the 14 contiguous destitute areas fully played their industrial advantages and introduced a series of targeted policy measures for the poverty reduction in the twinned contiguous destitute areas. The Ministry of Education organized and mobilized the forces of education industry to support the education reform and development in Yunnan Province, organized subordinated universities to carry out fixed-point poverty alleviation, made preparations for the establishment of West Yunnan University of Applied Technology, established Yunnan University-Enterprise Cooperation Promotion Society and launched the talent cultivation program for rural youth entrepreneurship in West Yunnan. The Ministry of Science and Technologyinvested 600 million yuan to support 217 projects of poverty alleviation by science and technology in the Qinba Mountain Area. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology gave priority to Yanshan-Taihang Mountain Area in the allocation of projects of enterprises’technological transformation, SME development and the production of traditional Chinese herbs and issued 210 million yuan of funds to carry out poverty reduction by e-business in the contiguous destitute areas. The State Ethnic Affairs Commission gave priority to Wuling Mountain Area in the allocation of funds for national unity and progress,additionaldevelopment funds for ethnic minorities and the funds for enrollment of colleges subordinated to relevant commissions, and issued the opinions on the pilot work of development-oriented financial support for Wuling Mountain Area in conjunction with the State Development Bank. The Ministry of Civil Affairsissued 200 million yuan to strengthen support for the disaster relief, rescue and old-age support in Louxiao Mountain Area. While making adjustment to the land use indicators, the Ministry of Land and Resources arranged targets of 300 mu for each county of Wumeng Mountain Area, issued a total of investment of 7.5 billion yuan within two years to implement the projects of land rectification, geological survey and geological disaster prevention, introduced the land support policy for Wumeng Mountain Area, launched the project linking adjustment with urban and rural construction land. Under the premise of guaranteeing the land for farmers’settlement and production in the county, some of the remaining targets may be used within the province, welcomed by local residents. On the basis of raising the standards for renovation of dilapidated houses in impoverished regions, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development supported the construction of small towns and the development of construction industry in contiguous destitute areas and issued the opinions on mobilizing and organizing social forces to support the village and town construction in Dabie Mountain Area. The Ministry of Transportarranged 24.3 billion yuan of vehicle purchase tax to support the construction of highway, national and provincial freeway and rural highroads in Liupan Mountain Area. The Ministry of Water Resourcesinvested 9.8 billion yuan of water conservancy construction funds for the deserted areas in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou to increase support for the drinking water safety and water conservancy facilities projects in rural areas. The Ministry of Agriculture issued the agriculture and animal husbandry development plan for the areas at the southern foot of Daxinganling Mountain and allocated a total of 4.4 billion yuan for these areas, and gave priority to these regions in the promotion and agricultural technology, personnel training and experts’consulting services. TheNational Health and family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education formulated the“Development Planning for Children in Poor Areas”, launched the Health Warmness project and the neonatal screening project, organized relevant hospitals to carry out pairing-off poverty reduction and send medical services to the grassroots areas, and allocated central government’s funds of 19.8 billion yuanto support the infrastructure construction of 47,000 health and family planning agencies. The State Forestry Administrationarranged nearly 6 billion yuan of central forestry funds for the Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou Contiguous Poor Area and especially developed 15 major forestry-based poverty alleviation projects for the contiguous poor area with a total investment of 30 million yuan. The State Railway Administration held the joint conference of the twinned counties of railway enterprises. China Railway Corporation increased support for the railway transportation in Qinba Mountain Area through increasing trains and stations and ensuring the transport of key materials, vigorously promoted the construction of railway projects and invested a total of 300 billion yuan in railway construction within two years, thus, its total investment in railway construction amounted to one trillion yuan.

Fifth, continuing to send cadres to poor villages and strengthen supervision and guidance. Combined with cadre training, most contact units continued to send cadres to serve contiguous destitute areas and, taking it as an important starting point, send outstanding cadres to work there. The Ministry of Educationsent 54 cadres to work in 49 counties (cities, districts) of ten prefectures (cities) in West Yunnan. On the basis of leaving the first batch of liaison officers in the poor areas, the State Ethnic Affairs Commission dispatched 77 division-level cadres to the Wuling Mountain Area as the second batch of liaison officers. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-rural Development designated 33 cadres in the contiguous destitute areas to practice in eight provinces (municipalities) in the eastern developed regions. The Ministry of Water Resources and the State Forestry Administration continued to send 35 outstanding cadres to support the poverty relief work in Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou Contiguous Poor Area. The Ministry of Land and Resources dispatched five division-level cadres to work in Wumeng Mountain Area and six young officers of public institutions to practice in the contiguous poor area for one year. The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Transport and China Railway Corporation respectively sent outstanding cadres to work in the contiguous destitute areas.

Ⅱ. Industrial sector provided strong support and performed their duties

The relevant departments actively fulfilled their duties, introduced special support policy for the contiguous destitute areas and increased industry investment. Since the implementation of the planning in the contiguous destitute areas, in addition to the contact units, more than 20 departments and units successively introduced special support policies for the contiguous destitute areas, including the People’s Bank of China, State Forestry Administration, China Civil Aviation Administration, the National Tourism Bureau, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, All-China Federation of Trade Union, China Disabled Persons’Federation, All-China Women’s Federation, National Development Bank,Agricultural Bank of China, etc. The National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance gave priority to contiguous destitute areas in the allocation of relief funds, injecting new impetus to the development of the contiguous destitute areas.

Ⅲ. Local governments went all out and effectively assumed the main responsibility

Local party committees and governments at all levels fully played their main role, improved the working mechanism, and strived to implement the tasks and policy measures determined by the planning.Hunan and Gansu established the top-leader responsibility system for poverty alleviation in contiguous poor areas. Hubei and Yunnan established the mechanism for relevant leaders to contact the contiguous destitute areas. Sichuan and Shaanxi incorporated the implementation of poverty alleviation planning in contiguous destitute areas into the government target assessment. Guizhou Province put a lot of efforts on the industrial development and major project construction in contiguous destitute areas. Chongqing and Shaanxi introduced special support policies for the contiguous destitute areas. Shaanxi raised the balanced transfer payment subsidy system for the contiguous poor counties. The governments of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guizhou and Yunnan and the CPPCC of Anhui, Henan and Hubei Province hold the joint meetings on poverty alleviation in contiguous destitute areas in turn to promote inter-provincial coordination. Chongqing put in special funds to encourage the investment of various resources to the contiguous destitute areas and integrates 65 billion yuan every year for the contiguous destitute areas. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region increased inputs and issued more than 400 million yuan of fiscal funds for local industrial development in the contiguous destitute areas. The city and county governments in the contiguous destitute areas took the initiative to overcome difficulties, actively integrated all forces to promote the project implementation in contiguous destitute areas. The masses in the contiguous destitute areas also carried forward the spirit of self-reliance and actively got involved in the planning implementation.

Ⅳ. National Development and Reform Commissionand LGOP worked closely to play their coordination role.

As the coordination departments for contacting the contiguous destitute areas, the National Development and Reform Commission and LGOPstrengthened the guidance and services for the contiguous destitute areas, made timely adjustment to the contact units according to the reform program of the State Council, and issued the key points of annual work and work reports in the name of the State Council Leading Group of Poverty Alleviation and Development every year. In 2014, they jointly organized the relevant provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to summarize and analyze the progress in major infrastructure projects and ten major projects in the contiguous destitute areas, issued the“Letter on Accelerating the Implementation of Ten Key Projects in the Contiguous Destitute Areas”(Guo Kai Ban Han [2014] No.111) and the“Notice on Accelerating the Construction of Major Infrastructure Projects in the Contiguous Destitute Areas”(Fa Gai Ban Regional [2014] No. 3265), issued the list of major projects to the relevant departments and provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), strengthened coordination and accelerated the implementation of the relevant projects.

(Department of Planning and Finance, LGOP)

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