Yearbook of China’s Poverty Alleviation and Development, 2015 VI

【Aid projects】In 2014, Shandong Province adhered to the poverty relief purpose of the government’s aid funds, used 70% of the financial aid funds (32.4 million yuan) to support the implementation of 27 mountainous ecological poverty-relief relocation projects in Chongqing City, constructed more than 2700 sets of immigrants’houses, completed the centralized relocation and resettlement of more than 9200 poor people, and constructed roads of 82.6 km, 22 water tanks of 30400 cubic meters and water pipelines of 23.6 km. Jinan City invested a total of 3.3 million yuan to support the construction of Phase Ⅱ Project of ecological poverty-relief relocation in Baima Mountain Area of Wulong County, completed the relocation of 325 rural households and 1085 people, newly built and repaired highroads of 18 km and newly constructed street squares of 52,000 square meters in the immigrants’resettlement areas. Dongying City invested  3.3 million yuan, plus the relief funds of 26.28 million yuan of Youyang County, launched the entire poverty advancement projects in Laolong Village of Huatian Town and Shidong Village of Ganxi Town and the construction of poverty-relief relocation zones in Dingshi Town, Mawang Town, Banxi Town and Guanqing Town, solved the housing problems of 72 rural households, newly built, repaired and rebuilt highroads of 102 km and constructed drinking water pools of 500 cubic meters for people and livestock, significantly improving the production and living standards of the masses in impoverished villages; implemented the“Poor Household Supporting Project”and conducted precise poverty reduction for specific poor households and people; through the establishment of accident insurance for migrant workers, lifted 40,000 poor households of Kai County and Yunyang County out of the vicious cycle of poverty returning due to illness or disasters, and arranged 300,000 yuan to install communication lines, telephone sets and other communications equipment for 7500 impoverished households in

Kai County.

【Industrial poverty alleviation】As the recipient counties are mainly located in the national key ecological function areas where large-scale high-intensity development of industrialization and urbanization are prohibited, in 2014, targeting at local characteristic planting and breeding industry, Shandong Province invested 6.85 million yuan of government aid funds to support the construction of a number of agricultural and livestock products seed breeding bases to promote the development of fruit (strawberries, kiwi, cherries, grapes, orange), Chinese herbal medicine (Tianma, Codonopsis, honeysuckle), livestock (beef, rabbit and barred chicken) and other characteristic industries, leading 1030 rural households to get rich through industry development. Zibo City supported the construction of matching project of rabbit breeding farm of Lvjiayuan Agricultural Ecology Co., Ltd in Shizhu County. After the project construction, it will be able to provide one million quality rabbits for local farmers to increase the income of farmers by more than 10 million yuan. Yantai City helped Wushan County to develop characteristic profitable agriculture, helped Hongchun Tujia People’s Codonopsis Pilosula Base to develop the planting of 200 mu of codonopsis pilosula, increasing the income of 40 rural households; the gastrodia planting project of Zhuxian Town and Guanyang Town develop gastrodia planting of 1,000 mu, increasing the income of 60 rural households; Tonggu Town’s grape base project covered an area of 500 mu, increasing the income of 50 rural households, and the cherry cultivation base of Guandu Town entered into the experimental stage. Binzhou City supported Fengjie County to develop orange and Chinese herbal medicine industry and put in 500,000 yuan to construct the late-maturing navel orange bases of 1,000 mu in Fenhe Town, and constructed one 500-cubic meter pond, installed pipelines of 3 km and constructed orange industry roads of 2 km; invested 500,000 yuan to construct Chinese herbal medicine bases of 1,000 mu in Shizhen Village of Chang’an Town, set up 10 traditional Chinese medicinal material curing barns and constructed two 300-cubic meter drug washing reservoirs.

【Intellectual assistance】In 2014, giving full play to its personnel advantage, through vocational and skills trainings, sending cadres and dispatching doctors, teachers and agricultural technicians to poor areas, Shandong Province comprehensively conducted intellectual poverty reduction in the twinned poor counties to achieve all-round exchange of personnel between the two sides. After active application by Shandong Province, in the personnel training program for the eastern cities to support western regions, the National Development and Reform Commission arranged four personnel trainings for Wushan County and held the trainings on new rural construction, agriculture industrialization, eco-tourism construction, tourism economy, characteristic agriculture and processing industry development for 50 people respectively in Beijing, Hangzhou and Yantai City. The Provincial Communist Youth League incorporated Yantai’s counterpart support for Wushan County into the“College Students’Volunteer Service Program for Shandong”, selected five fresh graduates of three universities in Yantai to provide two-year teaching support for Wushan as the first batch of volunteers. Liaocheng City continued the personnel exchange with six twinned schools and three twinned hospitals and sent 30 advanced medical workers to the twinned regions

for exchange.

【Economic and trade cooperation】In 2014, adhering to the principle of“government driving, enterprise-oriented, market operation and advantage complementation for a win-win situation”, giving full play to the decisive role of the market, Shandong and Chongqing made innovations to the industry cooperation mode, strengthened the thinking of“industrial cooperation between cities should target at 38 counties of Chongqing rather than the twinned county”and created the platform for multi-channel introduction for fair competition. As a result, the industry cooperation between the two sides showed a good development trend. First, the exchanges between enterprises developed towards the direction of organized, planned, large-scale interactions. In May, the delegation of Shandong Province headed by the provincial CPPCC Vice Chairman and Party member Chen Guangren went to Chongqing to participate in the 17th China Chongqing Investment and Global Sourcing Fair. More than 50 well-known companies such as Hisense, Ruyi and Linuoruite were present at the fair, displaying more than 600 kinds of products in eight categories, namely food, textiles, electronics, new energy, new materials, machinery equipment, auto parts and handicrafts. 26 economic and trade cooperation projects were signed with a total investment of 11.87 billion yuan. Through holding project promotion and investment environment conferences, the pairing-off cities and counties organized more than 100 enterprises to carry out more than 30 field surveys on investment. Second, investors and investment directions became diversified. Large companies continued to play a leading role in helping foster leading local pillar industries. A number of SMEs gave full play to their flexible operational mechanism, made constant innovations to the investment business model and strived to provide support for local residents’employment and entrepreneurship while achieving business development. Third, cooperation projects developed towards comprehensiveness and many fields. Measures were adjusted based on the differences and complementarities of the industries between the two sides. Jinan Weili Seed Company continued to support the construction of fine varieties of watermelon planting demonstration bases in Canggou Town of Wulong County; Shouguang Chenglian Greenhouse Vegetable Cultivation Technology Promotion Co., Ltd invested three million yuan in the annual cooperation project of vegetable planting in Kai County, and it will increase the production of tomato and cucumber sharply after the project construction. Jinan City continued to expand its cooperation with Wulong County in the tourism industry. In 2014, it organized 12,000 tourists to travel in Wulong County. Fourth, changed the Chongqing-based investment mode to the coordinated development of“go global”and“bringing in”: a number of enterprises in Chongqing carried out extensive cooperation with each other in the field of environmental protection and new energy; the garbage power generation project implemented by Sanfeng Group in Dongying has put into operation, received and disposed a total of 227200 tons of waste, generated electric power of 47.5202 million degrees and online electricity of 40662400 degrees, achieving the“ecological, harmless, reducing and resource-based”disposal of municipal solid waste in Dongying City.

【Social assistance】In 2014, to respond to the call of establishing the“Poverty Alleviation Day”of the state, the cities of Shandong Province organized a series of social assistance activities such as“helping needy students”“donation for student aid”“Love and Donation for Three Gorges Reservoir Region”“Clothing Donation”and“Pea Bud”student-aid program, donated 485,000 yuan in kind and cash, subsidized 465 needy students, involving enterprises, schools, public institutions and individuals, creating a good atmosphere for multi-party participation. In August, Wuxi County of Chongqing Municipality suffered continuous torrential rains. Tai’an City immediately donated 500,000 yuan to the disaster areas and organized a medical team composed of ten doctors to carry out medical activities in the Wuxi County People’s Hospital and MCH, including clinical reception, disease screening, difficult cases consultation, surgery, medical training, etc. Tai’an City also donated one cardiac defibrillator monitor, two ECG monitors and two ECG machines worth 150,000 yuan to the local hospitals.

(Li Dong, Counterpart Support Coordination Department,

Shandong Provincial Reform and Development Commission)

Guangdong-Guangxi Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, under the joint efforts of Guangdong, Guangxi, the twinned cities,  counties (districts) and the masses and cadres of impoverished regions, new results were achieved in the pairing-off poverty alleviation between Guangdong and Guangxi. The governments at all levels, the relevant departments and all circles of society in Guangdong Province donated 47.5712 million yuan in kind and cash to Guangxi, of which 35.4 million yuan was from governments at all levels, 7.43 million yuan was social donations in cash and 4.7412 million yuan was donations in kind. Meanwhile, Guangdong Province helped Guangxi hold 45 training courses for 1434 cadres; provided jobs for 1.6319 million labors of Guangxi and the net income of the transferred labors in poor areas was 3.314

billion yuan.

【Entire village advancement】In 2014, Guangdong and Guangxi cooperated closely with each other to jointly steadily the construction of model villages, and implemented 23 model village projects for entire village advancement for Guangxi, involving road hardening, old house renovation, house facade renovation, basketball court construction, cultural room building, landscaping of poor villages, garbage tank construction, industrial development and practical technical training of farmers, covering 1180 impoverished households and 5139 poor people.

【Economic and trade cooperation】In 2014, taking poverty alleviation cooperation as the engine, taking the opportunity for Pearl River-West River economic zone to be incorporated into the national strategy, in order to boost the development of basin cooperation and promote the economic integration of the two sides, taking Guangdong-Guangxi cooperation experimental zone as the platform, Guangdong and Guangxi further expanded the exchange and cooperation scope and established a sound long-term cooperation mechanism with advantages complementing each other for positive interaction, common development, common prosperity. As of the end of October 2014, Guangdong and Guangxi signed 1286 economic and trade cooperation projects worth174.7 billion yuan, including 172.8 billion yuan of contract investment, and Guangdong Province provided 178 billion yuan (including the funds for follow-up construction).

【Labor service cooperation】In 2014, the functional departments of Guangdong and Guangxi further strengthened their cooperation, continued to strengthen the labor cooperation and carried out a series of activities such as the“Spring Breeze Action”, the“Employment Assistance Month”and the“Private Enterprises’Recruitment Week”, strengthened the cooperation between employment service agencies, provided job service information, safeguard the legal rights and interests of the labors; and improved the labor transfer training mechanism of the two sides. In 2014, a total of 1.6319 million peasant workers of Guangxi went to work in Guangdong Province, including 209800 newly transferred migrant workers, and 49 poor counties (districts) sent a total of 150,000 labors to the enterprises in Guangdong Province. The migrant workers in poor areas created annual net service income of 3.314 billion yuan.

【Poverty alleviation training】In 2014, Guangdong Province held two training courses of poverty relief cadres for Guangxi, covering 175 leaders of the“Beautiful Guangxi”rural construction work teams and the leaders of the city and county (district) poverty alleviation offices. Through the trainings, the cadres learned Guangdong’s working method of“planning for households and responsibilities to specific individuals”, broadened their thinking on poverty alleviation and development, and further enhanced their confidence and sense of responsibility for poverty alleviation. The relevant departments of Guangzhou and Dongguan held 43 trainings for Baise, Hechi City and the relevant departments for 1259 person-times. Guangzhou and Dongguan City received 69 excellent cadres of Baise and Hechi City to serve the local city, districts and towns.

【Social assistance】In 2014, Guangdong, especially governments and departments at all levels and all circles of society of Guangzhou and Dongguan City extensively mobilized social forces to donate money and goods for the poor areas in Baise and Hechi of Guangxi to boost local economic and social development and improve people’s livelihood. Over the past 18 years, Vice President of China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and former chairman of the CPPCC Guangzhou City Committee Chen Kaizhi, for example, has successively carried out field research on poverty reduction in the impoverished regions of Guangxi for 88 times and raised relief funds of more than 200 million yuan (including goods converted into money) for Baise City. Dongguan and Hechi organized frequent exchange visits. In May, Dongguan municipal government delegation participated in the counterpart support work conference in Hechi City and donated 10 million yuan of relief funds and 300,000 yuan of condolence payment at the event. In June,  the relevant leaders of Hechi municipal party committee led a delegation composed of the party and government leaders of 11 counties (cities, districts) of Hechi to carry out field research in Dongguan City and the two sides held talks on further strengthening the cooperation.

【Department collaboration】In 2014, to implement the“Program for Guangdong-Guangxi Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation Cooperation in the‘12th Five-Year Plan’Period”signed between the governments of Guangdong and Guangxi, the transportation, education, tourism and health departments of the two sides strengthened communication and close cooperation with each other and made new progress. In terms of transportation, the Nanning-Guangzhou High-speed Railway was put into operation on December 26, further promoting the economic cooperation and tourism exchanges between Guangdong and Guangxi, promoting Guangxi to be integrated into the“Greater Pearl River Delta”economic circle of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, achieving mutual benefit and win-win development. In terms of tourism, the travel barriers and entry barriers were canceled to facilitate the inter-provincial travel and business operation. In education, Guangdong Province issued 5 million yuan to support the education industry of Baise City, mainly for Baise Education Foundation to subsidize the high school students from needy families to complete their schooling. In environmental protection, in early 2014, Guangdong and Guangxi jointly issued one billion yuan to control Jiuzhou River watershed pollution, and strengthened the interaction and cooperation between upper stream and downstream of the basin to explore effective ways for inter-provincial pollution control. In terms of vocational education, the poverty alleviation departments of the two sides earnestly implemented the important instructions of taking full advantages of the excellent vocational education and abundant quality employment resources of Guangdong Province and holding labor transfer and job trainings for the pairing-off poverty alleviation given by Director General Liu Yongfu. On the basis of a large number of field research and many communications, in November, the opening ceremony of Guangdong-Guangxi pairing-off vocational education cooperation was held in Hechi City, Guangxi. At the ceremony, the poverty alleviation offices of the two sides signed the“Framework Agreement on Guangdong’s Counterpart Support for the Vocational Education of Guangxi”. Guangdong Chitone Ltd. signed the“Agreement on Pilot Cooperation between Guangdong and Guangxi in Vocational Education through the‘2+1’Mode”with eight vocational schools of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

(Chen Zhikui, Guangdong Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office)

Shanghai-Guizhou (Zunyi) Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】2014 is a key year for the implementation of the“Work Plan 2013-2015 for Shanghai to Provide Counterpart Support for Zunyi City of Guizhou Province”. Under the leadership of the municipal party committees and governments of Shanghai and Zunyi, in accordance with the basic principle of“livelihood-oriented, education first, industry and talent priority”, paying equal attention to hardware and software construction, combining the improvement of people’s livelihood with industry support, and paying equal attention to“blood transfusion”and“blood-making”, the two sides achieved significant results in the key problem tackling for poverty reduction, significantly improved the basic public service level, made a great breakthrough in industrial support and conducted increasing close exchanges with each other. At the same time, Shanghai, the relevant departments, Fengxian District, Yangpu District and Putuo District were designated to provide counterpart support for nine counties (cities, districts) and relevant departments and industrial parks of .Zunyi City.

【Investment of poverty relief funds】In 2014, Shanghai City arranged relief funds of 54 million yuan for the construction of 28 aid projects, of which 44 million yuan was invested in nine counties (cities) of Wuling Mountain Area and Wumeng Mountain Area, accounting for 81% of the total, with priorities given to four national key counties for poverty reduction, namely Zheng’an County, Xishui County, Daozhen County and Wuchuan County. Adhering to the development-oriented poverty reduction, we supported Zunyi to develop modern, efficient agriculture in large scale towards standardization and construct the industrial parks, vigorously promote the development of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, tea, vegetables, aquatic products and other characteristic breeding industries in Zunyi City; assisted Zunyi city reduce poverty-stricken population by 200,000 and helped Wuchuan County achieve the goal of“removing the cap of poverty”as scheduled. In addition, 16.5 million yuan of relief funds was arranged to promote the construction of pilot projects of new rural construction in Zunyi City. Through the implementation of the action plan of“Four in Rural Households·Beautiful Countryside”, the rural public infrastructure construction was further strengthened and the drinking water, travel and other production and living conditions of the poor in eight towns of six counties (cities) were further improved. Putuo District donated one million yuan of relief funds to Xishui County and Chishui City, which suffered from the“August 11”Flood. Yangpu District and Shanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd donated school buses and audio-visual classrooms worth 2.55 million yuan to Zheng’an County, Daozhen Autonomous County and Meitan County. Fengxian District donated relief funds of 2.5 million yuan to Wuchuan Autonomous County, Yuqing County and Fenggang County.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】In 2014, Shanghai arranged 18.5 million yuan to continuously support the social undertakings of Zunyi City, covering culture, education, medical service and health care, completed the construction and renovation of the teaching buildings, dormitories, training buildings and other infrastructure as well as related facilities of eight schools, continued to implement the counterpart educational support agreement, sent three headmasters and six teachers to support the teaching of Zunyi City; arranged Shanghai Fudan Experimental High School, Zheng’an County No.7 Middle School and Shanghai Anshan Experimental Middle School to sign the counterpart support agreements respectively with Yuxi Middle School of Daozhen County, the Primary School Affiliated to Shanghai Polytechnic University and Meijiang No.4 Primary School of Meitan County; supported Putuo District Education Bureau to sign the counterpart support agreement with Xishui County Education Bureau to promote their cooperation and exchange in the field of teacher training, pairing-off poverty reduction and resource sharing, and continued to promote the joint student enrollment and cooperative operation of secondary vocational schools. Seven secondary vocational schools of Shanghai, namely Fengxian Secondary Vocational School, Yangpu Vocational and Technical School, the Vocational and Technical School, Science and Technology Management School and Engineering Management Technical School of the News Press, Caoyang Vocational and Technical School and No.2 Light Industry School respectively signed the cooperation agreements with 8 secondary vocational schools of Zunyi City.

【Health-oriented poverty alleviation】In 2014, Shanghai arranged 4.8 million yuan for the construction of medical treatment and public health, focusing on the construction of one hospital and two health testing organizations. We coordinated the health departments of Shanghai and Zunyi to establish the cooperation mechanism for the counterpart support of medical agencies, and sent more professional medical workers to work in Zunyi, aiming to enhance the level of health care of .Zunyi City.

【Industrial poverty alleviation】In 2014, we coordinated the Economic and Informatization Commission and Tourist Administration of Shanghai and Zunyi City to jointly set up the Zunyi (Shanghai) Industrial Park Development and Construction Coordination and Promotion Committees and Offices, signed the“Agreement on the Cooperation in Constructing Shanghai Caohejing New Technology Development Zone Zunyi Branch”, launched the program of“Shanghai Caohejing New Technology Development Zone Zunyi Branch”, promoted the foundation of large-scale enterprises and the implementation of large projects by the brand effect of Shanghai Industrial Park, and successively guided nearly 80 batches of research groups to carry out field survey and negotiations on investment in Zunyi City. Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation, Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Technology (Group) Co., Ltd. and some other large backbone enterprises of Shanghai signed the framework agreements on strategic cooperation with Zunyi Municipal Government. The projects of Zunyi Zhicheng Science and Technology Co., Ltd and Yuexing Group Co., Ltd were launched. Supported 20 enterprises of Zunyi City to participate in the“Spring Fair of Featured Products of Shanghai’s Twinned Regions and Western Areas”in Shanghai, and signed agreements worth 200 million yuan; coordinated the recipient counties (cities) of Zunyi City to send delegations to participate in the investment inviting activities in Shanghai, introduced the tourism, urban construction, agricultural development and industrial projects. Wuchuan County signed seven projects worth 5.3 billion yuan at the event.

【Poverty alleviation training】In 2014, Shanghai arranged 3.654 million yuan for human resource training, accounting for 70% of the total; held 26 training courses for 1680 cadres and talents, covering the fields of education, health, investment, legal services, media, park construction, agricultural industrialization, urban and rural planning; through training attending in Shanghai and lecture giving in Zunyi, we organized 14 batches of 700 people to receive short-term trainings in Shanghai and arranged seven batches of experts and scholars of Shanghai to give lectures in Zunyi City, laying a solid foundation for professional talent team building in Zunyi City.

【Cadre sending】In 2014, Shanghai actively implemented the strategy of two-way exchange of talents. Shanghai Municipal Party Committee Organization Department sent three additional professional talents in medical service and part building to work in Zunyi for one year, aiming to broaden the horizons and enhance the ability of local cadres by talent sending, received 10 party and government cadres of Zunyi City to practice in Shanghai, and arranged appropriate jobs for all these cadres.

【Working mechanism】In 2014, Shanghai formulated the“Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Measures on the Management of Shanghai’s Counterpart Support Projects for Zunyi City of Guizhou Province”, further improved the work procedures to ensure project quality and progress, continued to promote the pilot work of project performance evaluation, developed the“Work Program for Performance Evaluation of Shanghai’s Counterpart Support Projects for Zunyi City”, further improving the feasibility and rationality of project performance evaluation, in accordance with the arrangements for the pilot work of performance evaluation, promoted the performance evaluation of Shanghai’s counterpart support projects for four counties of Zunyi City in 2013, namely Xishui County, Zheng’an County, Daozhen Gelao and Miao Autonomous County and Wuchuan Gelao and Miao Autonomous County, and wrote the appraisal reports.

(Yang Xiaoming, Division of Counterpart Support,

Office of the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government on Cooperation and Exchanges)

Dalian-Guizhou (Liupanshui)

Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Dalian actively communicated and cooperated with Liupanshui City and, according to the“Work Plan of Dalian City on the Counterpart Support for Liupanshui City (2013-2015)”, actively promoted the exchange visits of high-level leaders of both cities, the industrial and economic cooperation, science and education aid, medical assistance and cadre training and exchange, boosting the economic and social development of Liupanshui city. Throughout the year, Dalian issued government aid funds of 30 million yuan to Liupanshui City. Over the years, it has issued a total of 166 million yuan of aid funds for Liupanshui and implemented more than 400 aid projects.

【Exchange visits】In March 2014, Dalian Mayor Li Wancai attended the Work Conference on Counterpart Support for Guizhou held by Guizhou provincial government in Beijing. During the meeting, he met with Party Secretary of Liupanshui City Li Zaiyong. Both sides exchanged ideas on Dalian-Liupanshui pairing-off development-oriented poverty alleviation and the establishment of a mechanism for positive interaction in the counterpart support work and reached a consensus. In April, standing committee member and Secretary of Liupanshui municipal Party Committee Tang Jun conducted in-depth exchanges and reached a consensus with the delegation on the counterpart support work, the improvement of the level of counterpart support and the establishment of a mechanism for positive interaction in the counterpart support work.

【Aid projects】In 2014, the relief funds provided by Dalian for Liupanshui City were mainly used for the new rural construction of“Four in Rural Households·Beautiful Countryside”and the implementation of 69 industrialization-oriented poverty-relief projects including breeding, tea, konjak, roxburgh rose and blueberry planting, benefiting more than 90,000 people.

【Industrial poverty alleviation】In 2014, Dalian strived to implement economic projects and promote business cooperation through platform building, aiming at stimulating the economic vitality of Liupanshui City. In March and July, Dalian organized, for twice, a number of enterprises and colleges to carry out field research and project construction in Liupanshui City, including Dalian Anywide Group, Snowdragon Beef Co., Ltd., Emerging Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Xingyeyuan Group, the Party School of the Municipal Party Committee and the Vocational and Technical College. Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd. and Dalian Gulian International Travel Agency reached a cooperation intention respectively with Liupanshui Xinan Tiandi Coal Mining Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd and Liupanshui Liangdu Travel Industry Association Travel Club. Dalian Xingyeyuan Group introduced, for the first time, Liupanshui’s Red Kiwi into the Carrefour supermarket and Beijing Hualian supermarkets in Dalian, opening up sales channels of Liupanshui’s characteristic agricultural products in Dalian City. In October, Dalian Municipal Bureau of Tourism organized six travel agencies and media to support the anti-poverty work in Liupanshui, convened the urban tourism promotion meeting for the‘Romantic’Dalian and China’s Cool City Liupanshui, and signed the“Strategic Framework Agreement on Tourism”with the tourism management department of Liupanshui City.

【Intellectual assistance】In 2014, giving full play to its training advantages in education and health industry, Dalian organized the cadre and personnel trainings for Liupanshui City. The education departments received a few batches of 48 primary and secondary school principals (including 20 from Liupanshui) arranged by Guizhou Provincial Department of Education to receive business training and three-month practice in Dalian City. The Party School of Dalian Municipal Party Committee held a two-week poverty alleviation training in Dalian for 50 grass-roots cadres from Liupanshui City, focusing on urban development and planning, development of urban modern agriculture, big data industry and development, strengthening and innovating social management, etc.. Dalian Cadre Training Centre received a number of batches of 50 entrepreneurs and 50 young cadres of Liupanshui City to take part in the trainings in Dalian. Dalian Municipal Women’s Federation received six female leaders of Liupanshui to attend the division-level female leader trainings in Dalian and received 12 female leaders in getting rich to take part in the trainings in Dalian as well. In the field of health care, in 2014, Dalian received a few batches of 55 backbone technicians and managers in the field of health care from Liupanshui to practice in the relevant key hospitals of Dalian. In addition, the two cities each sent ten cadres to practice in the other city.

【Cooperation for common development】In 2014, while strengthening municipal government’s anti-poverty work, Dalian also gave play to the role of the relevant districts, counties and units of the city in poverty alleviation. Xigang District, Lvshunkou District, Ganjingzi District and Jinzhou New Area of Dalian City were designated to provide counterpart support respectively for Zhongshan District, Shuicheng County, Liuzhi Special Zone and Pan County of Liupanshui City to enhance the effectiveness of the pairing-off poverty alleviation through cooperation in economic project construction. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dalian City Commercial School both provided counterpart support for Liupanshui City in their respective fields. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences provided technical support for the pharmacological analysis of local Chinese herbal medicine ingredients of Liupanshui City, and Dalian City Commercial School built an amicable relationship for common development with Liupanshui Vocational & Technical College for Nationalities.

【Social assistance】In 2014, the primary and secondary schools in Jinzhou New Area of Dalian City carried out a series of activities themed“Love-Flying”for Liupanshui City of Guizhou Province and donated 50,000 books to Liupanshui.

(Yu Xiaoye, Sun Ming, Counterpart Support Division,

Dalian Municipal Government Office of Economic Cooperation and Exchange)

Suzhou-Guizhou (Tongren) Pairing-off

Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province earnestly implemented the deployments of the central and provincial governments, strengthened organizational leadership, actively promoted the pairing-off poverty alleviation, played its comprehensive advantages to form joint force for social assistance, starting from improving people’s livelihood, highlighted the planning leadership, project construction and personnel training, and achieved initial results in the pairing-off poverty alleviation in Tongren. According to statistics, in 2014, governments at all levels and all circles of society donated a total of 48.726 million yuan in kind and cash to Tongren City, of which 47.62 million yuan was from the governments at all levels, 655,000 yuan was social contributions and 451,000 yuan was donations, and helped Tongren City hold 8 training courses for 400 cadres.

【Field research on poverty alleviation】In March, Jiangsu Provincial Party Secretary Luo Zhijun headed the party and government delegations of Jiangsu and Suzhou to carry out field research in Tongren City. The main leaders of both sides gave important instructions on four key tasks in the counterpart support and made deployments on the key work of pairing-off poverty alleviation. Zhou Weiqiang, Member of the Suzhou Municipal Party Standing Committee and Executive Vice Mayor of Suzhou City, and Vice Mayor Xu Ming of Suzhou City Government each headed a delegation to carry out field research in Tongren City. In September, Shi Taifeng, Deputy Secretary of Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the Party Secretary of Suzhou City met with the Tongren Party and Government Delegation headed by Party Secretary of Tongren City Liu Qifan.

【Aid projects】In 2014, Suzhou issued 35 million yuan of aid project funds for Tongren City, of which: 200 million yuan was planned to be invested in the Taohuayuan Beautiful Countryside Project of Taoyuan County, and 16 million yuan was for the construction of integrated service centers, including the tourist center, the gate, square, parking lots and public toilets of Fanjing Mountain. Meanwhile, 10 million yuan of relief funds was issued to support the construction of one teaching building of Tongren Industry School, covering a built-up area of 7200 square meters. This project has been completed and put into operation. 3.098 million yuan is planned to be invested in the honeysuckle planting project in Changba Town of Sinan County, of which 2 million yuan was the relief fund from Suzhou City for the honeysuckle planting of 1,000 mu and workshop construction of 700 square meters. A total of 4 million yuan was invested in the construction of water conservancy facilities in Xinzhai Town of Yinjiang County, of which 2 million yuan was relief fund from Suzhou City to support the construction of one water basin, two 200-cubic meter reservoirs and a pumping house of 16 square meters and the installation of one piping pump, one transformer, 900 meters of power transmission lines and 23 km of water pipelines. 2 million yuan of relief funds was issued for cadre and personnel trainings, and eight cadre capacity building trainings and other training courses were held in Suzhou for 400 people from Tongren City.

【Department support】With strong support of governments at all levels, in 2014, a total of 13.275 million yuan of unplanned relief funds and a total of 48.275 million yuan of annual relief funds was raised, of which 451,000 yuan was kind donations. On October 17, Suzhou City actively participated in the first“Poverty Alleviation Day”events organized by Guizhou Province and donated two million yuan to support the development of social education in Tongren City. Tongren City Department of Education designated 10 districts and counties and the Municipal Units selected 10 kindergartens, 30 primary schools, 20 junior high schools, 11 senior secondary schools and one special education school to provide pairing-off support for the twinned cities and districts, and determined the name list of the schools. Suzhou Municipal Health Bureau supported the construction of Tongren City People’s Hospital and Tongren Municipal Center for Disease Control, and dispatched a total of 38 medical experts to the twinned medical institutions of Tongren City to improve the ability for hospital management, medical services, infectious disease prevention and control and health supervision; held six short-term trainings in Suzhou, and organized 76 technicians of Tongren City to receive the trainings on health management, new medical technologies and trends, public health emergency prevention system and mechanism construction, health law enforcement capacity, etc. Suzhou Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau supported the construction of the elderly nursing building of Tongren City Apartment for the Elderly, successfully applied for 2014 Welfare Lottery Funds and donated project funds of 500,000 yuan to support the civil affairs projects in Tongren. Suzhou City Tourism Bureau organized local key travel agencies to send eight tour groups to Tongren City, with members from surrounding cities, enhancing the influence of Tongren City in the Yangtze River Delta region. Suzhou Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce organized an economic and trade delegation to carry out field research on the investment environment of Tongren City. The Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce and the county (city, district) federations of industry and commerce signed the friendship agreements with Tongren City Federation of Industry and Commerce and the district and county federations of industry and commerce respectively. On the basis of mutual visits and exchanges, both sides discussed about how to boost the development of private economy and explore ways to expand the cooperation to promote the economic development of the two cities.

【Social poverty alleviation】In September 2014, Suzhou Daily Newspaper Group“Gusu Evening News”launched the“Gusu Library”cultural project jointly with Suzhou and Guizhou Chamber of Commerce, aiming at building“Gusu Libraries”in the schools with certain conditions in the context of Suzhou-Tongren pairing-off poverty alleviation and, with this as a carrier, carrying out cultural exchange to boost the development of education in mountain areas. The project got strong support of the public. So far, nearly 20,000 books have been donated to the mountain areas of Tongern City, Guizhou Province, one warmth-delivery library has been set up and put into operation, and the construction of ten libraries was launched. On October 16, a“Hope Kindergarten”constructed with financial aid from Suzhou and Guizhou Chamber of Commerce was officially opened in Pantang Jinye Hope Primary School, Zhengda Town, Songtao County, Tongren City, addressing the difficulty for preschool children of poor mountain areas of Songtao County to enter kindergartens.

【Industrial cooperation】Giving full play to the role of market mechanism, with industry as a link, we strengthened the cooperation with Tongren in the energy, mineral resources and deep processing, agro-processing, tourism and cultural fields, made clear the advantages of the two regions, actively explored ways to combine Suzhou’s capital advantage with Tongren’s resources advantage, combine Suzhou’s entrepreneur resources with Tongren’s labor force resources, combine Suzhou’s marketing advantages with Tongren’s characteristic products advantages, and combine Suzhou’s industrial technology advantages with Tongren’s market advantages to accelerate the establishment of a long-term cooperation mechanism and the industry cooperation for a win-win situation. Through a lot of efforts, Taicang City promoted Guangdong Wen’s Food Group Co., Ltd. to invest in the integrated farming project of Yuping County, with a total investment of 400 million yuan, actively helped Yuping County develop planning for the construction of a modern agricultural park, and helped address the design fee of one million yuan to guarantee the implementation of the project in an orderly way. Zhangjiagang Huachang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and Guizhou Yanhe Dendrobium Officinale Co., Ltd signed an agreement on the joint development of dendrobium officinale. In April, with strong support of Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Tourism, the Tongren Tourism Resource Promotion Conference was successfully convened in Suzhou. At the event, Suzhou Zhuozheng Park Management Office signed a cooperation agreement with Guizhou Sante Tourism Development Co., Ltd, and Suzhou Travel Agency, Suzhou Kanghui Travel Agency, Suzhou Culture CITS and Wujiang Sanjiu Travel Agency all signed cooperation agreements with Fanlvtou Travel Agency.

【Intellectual assistance】Always highlighting intellectual support, Suzhou City actively explored new ways to promote counterpart support for teaching and education. Many warm-hearted entrepreneurs of Suzhou City supported the construction of“Gusu Fushun Hope Primary School”and the characteristic activity room of“Susu·Zhouzhou House”. In March, Tongren Child Care Teachers’College and Suzhou Child Care Teachers’College signed the“Agreement for Suzhou Child Care Teachers’College to Provide Counterpart Support for Tongren Child Care Teachers’College”, making clear the specific contents of the counterpart support in the field of teaching staff training, major and curriculum development, exchange of cadres, personnel training, teaching, research and academic exchanges, training base construction, etc. In April, Tongren City Teaching and Research Office carried out field research and exchanges in Suzhou, mainly conducting in-depth study of the teaching and research activities of key counties (cities, districts), and reached a cooperation intention on further strengthening the exchange in teaching and research between the relevant counties (cities, districts). Kunshan City signed the agreement for counterpart support between schools of both sides with Bijiang District, provided practice positions for the twinned schools of Bijiang District, sent some experts to guide the teaching work of the twinned schools, held relevant trainings and organized the annual“Bijiang-Kunshan Education Forum”. In August, Suzhou City Audio-visual Hall sent three experts to give lectures and hold trainings for 60 IT and webmaster teachers of the primary and secondary schools of Tongren City. In November, 10 backbone IT teachers from the primary and secondary schools of Tongren received one-week face-to-face training on“micro-class design”in Suzhou City.

 (Shao Jun, Suzhou City Development and Reform Commission)

Ningbo-Guizhou (Qianxinan)

Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Ningbo City earnestly implemented the“Three-year Work Plan of Ningbo City on the Counterpart Support for Qianxinan Prefecture of Guizhou Province”, actively promoted the high-level exchange visits, make timely adjustment of the pairing-off relationship, improved the working mechanism and increased efforts for counterpart support to steadily advance the pairing-off poverty alleviation work in an orderly manner. In 2014, Ningbo City determined a total of 69 aid projects with a total relief fund of 61.49 million yuan, of which 57.74 million yuan was from governments at all levels and 3.75 million yuan was social relief funds, made breakthrough in cadre exchange and training, extended the cadres’serving period from one year to three years, and continued to increase efforts for social assistance.

【Exchange visits for poverty alleviation】On April 28, a delegation headed by Governor of Qianxinan Prefecture Yang Yongying visited Ningbo. Mayor of Ningbo City Lu Ziyue and Deputy Mayor Wan Yawei held talks with the delegation on 25 issues in seven aspects, covering the construction of industrial parks, industrial cooperation, agricultural market development, exchanges and cooperation in the field of education and tourism, etc. On June 23, headed by Mayor of Ningbo City Lu Ziyue, the Ningbo Party and Government Delegation composed of main leaders of 11 counties (cities, districts) and principals of 17 municipal departments paid a visit to Guizhou Province, signed the agreement on the pairing-off poverty alleviation project construction in 2014, and reached a consensus on the comprehensive exchanges and cooperation between the two sides, including the construction of industrial and agricultural parks, flight services for each other, cooperation between universities and vocational schools, and between health and tourism industry, the construction of beautiful countryside and the exchange of high-level cadres, etc. The relevant municipal authorities and relevant counties (cities, districts) of Ningbo also strengthened exchange visits with the twinned units. In 2014, Ningbo sent a total of 45 batches of more than 550 people to Guizhou Province for exchange visits, and Qianxinan Prefecture sent 33 batches of more than 430 people to carry out field research in Ningbo City.

【Social assistance】Before the country’s first“Poverty Alleviation Day”, Ningbo City further mobilize social forces to participate in the pairing-off poverty alleviation. In 2014, a total of 6.06 million yuan of social donations was raised and a lot of school supplies were donated as well. On March 18, Ningbo City Counterpart Support Office organized the social welfare activity of“Sunshine Breakfast·Student Aid by Ten Thousand People”jointly with the Communist Youth League Ningbo Committee and Ningbo Newspaper Group, calling on the citizens“to donate one yuan and show low for the poor children of mountain areas of Qianxinan Prefecture to have nutritious breakfast”, which is the student-aid activity organized by Ningbo City for the eighth consecutive year. At the end of March, Ningbo City Counterpart Support Office delivered more than 600,000 yuan of social donations to ten primary schools in Xingyi City, Xingren County and Zhenfeng County of Qianxinan Prefecture. As a result, more than 4,000 children in mountain areas had free breakfast for one year. Meanwhile, we organized the activity for volunteers to visit Guizhou and sent five batches of 43 agricultural experts, artists and young entrepreneur volunteers to give agricultural technical guidance and deliver warmth in Qianxinan Prefecture. In late April, for example, Ningbo City Artists Association organized 22 volunteers to carry out cultural exchanges in Qianxinan Prefecture, who provided wonder performance and carried out pairing-off student-aid activities for the masses of local area. Three batches of 12 agricultural experts were sent to Qianxinan. They not only brought sophisticated farming techniques to the local area, but also introduced more than 20 varieties of grapes, melons, cruciferous vegetables and rice to the local residents. Through propaganda, we guided the citizens to participate in the counterpart support and many warm-hearted people and enterprises donated money and materials to the poor areas of Qianxinan Prefecture. A retired old man of Jiangdong District, for example, donated 400,000 yuan to help introduce improved torreya species of 20 mu for the poor of Xingren County. Ningbo Hongda Counter Company donated one million yuan to help build the science museum and related facilities in Suizhai Village Agricultural Park. Yofoto (China) Health Industry Co., Ltd spontaneously launched the love action of“Hand in Hand—Let Left-behind Children Laugh”and donated 15 Yofoto Love Classrooms to Qianxinan Prefecture, of which each was equipped with TV sets, computers, sports equipment and books worth 30,000-50,000 yuan.

【Intellectual assistance】In 2014, Ningbo held two trainings for 100 school principals and teachers of Guizhou Province, one poverty-relief cadre training for 64 people from Qianxinan Prefecture, and one cadre training for 50 people from Yilong New Area of Qianxinan Prefecture. The relevant counties (cities, districts) held six cadre trainings for the twinned counties (cities) of Qianxinan Prefecture for 180 person-times. Ningbo sent five division heads to Qianxinan Prefecture for three-year practice and exchange. Ten party and government leaders of Qianxinan Prefecture were sent to Ningbo City for one-year practice. Ningbo University and Ningbo Vocational and Technical College respectively established the pairing-off cooperation relationship with Xingyi Minority Normal College and Qianxinan Minority Vocational and Technical College and carried out exchange activities. Ningbo City arranged eight local hospitals to provide counterpart support for Qianxinan Prefecture, of which five Grade-A hospitals were designated to provide counterpart support for five hospitals at county level or above in Qianxinan Prefecture. Ningbo City dispatched 14 batches of 104 cadres and medical workers to guide the work of twinned hospitals and received 63 people from the twinned hospitals to study in Ningbo.

【Economic and trade cooperation】In 2014, giving full play to their respective advantages, the relevant functional departments of Ningbo City actively contacted the twinned poor areas, expanded the channels for exchange and achieved significant results. First, actively organized the relevant enterprises to carry out field research in the poor areas. Organized more than 20 batches of 80 enterprises to conduct field research and negotiate with the local government of Qianxinan Prefecture, signed a number of investment cooperation agreements on industry, agriculture, water conservancy and mineral exploitation, and launched some of the projects. The“Zhexing Trading Town”in Xingyi City of Qianxinan Prefecture, which was jointly invested by the businesses of Ningbo and Zhejiang, covers a land area of 1200 mu with a total investment of 10 billion yuan. The 400,000-square meter shopping mall of Phase Ⅰ  Project with an investment of 6 billion yuan has been set up and put into operation. Second, launched the park construction. Since 2014, Ningbo City determined to mainly support the construction of the“Qianxinan (Ningbo) Industrial Park”and the“Xingren County Mountain Ecological Agriculture Park”in Qianxinan Prefecture. Ningbo Entrepreneurs Association and Ningbo Guizhou Chamber of Commerce have signed an agreement on the construction of Ningbo Industrial Park with a total investment of 4 billion yuan with Yilong New Area of Qianxinan Prefecture and completed the planning development. Phase I project of Xingren County Mountain Ecological Agriculture Park has been completed, for which Ningbo City invested relief funds of 4 million yuan. Third, opened up the trade cooperation channels. Launched the“Air Support”flight. On October 16, the direct flight between Ningbo and Xingyi was officially opened up, facilitating the unimpeded commercial circulation between the two regions. At the Ningbo Tea Expo, Food Expo and New Year Gifts Expo, Ningbo provided more than 20 booths of agricultural products for free for Qianxinan Prefecture, expanding the sales outlets and establishing the long-term cooperative relationship. The agricultural products of Anlong County, for example, were launched to the supermarkets of Ningbo City through Ningbo Feihong Vegetable Base.

(Qiu Zhongping, Ningbo City Office of Counterpart Support Work)

Qingdao-Guizhou (Anshun)

Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Qingdao strengthened the leadership on the counterpart support for Anshun City of Guizhou Province, promoted the implementation of key work determined by both sides, urged 6 Coordination Working Groups and more than 40 member units to develop appropriate systems and measures and negotiate on the pairing-off poverty alleviation, organized more than 50 exchange visits of city leaders and department principals, and signed the counterpart support agreement to ensure the implementation of relevant work. We made rapid progress in the construction of the industrial park, launched the 70,000-square meter integrated project (PhaseⅠ), made significant results in“enterprise introduction for Anshun”, signed cooperation agreements with Anshun on more than 30 projects with a planned investment of 17.97 billion yuan, and actually put in 104 million yuan in the project in 2014. Meanwhile, the personnel training work was advanced comprehensively. The enterprises and collages of Qingdao City signed a number of cooperation agreements on vocational education with Anshun, held trainings for nine batches of more than 500 people from Anshun and raised social donations of 5 million yuan in kind and cash as well. The Counterpart Support Department of Qingdao City Domestic Economic Cooperation Office, the Economic Liaison Office of Qingdao Municipal United Front Work Department and Party Secretary Li Yi of Qingdao Shinan District Urban Administration Bureau were respectively titled“Advanced Collectives of National Social Poverty Alleviation”and“Advanced Individuals of National Social Poverty Alleviation”by LGOP, and Qingdao Domestic Economic Cooperation Office was titled“Advanced Collectives of Social Poverty Alleviation”by Guizhou Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government.

【Working mechanism】In 2014, Qingdao City improved the working mechanism for a new round of counterpart support work. First, strengthening the organizational leadership. To advance the counterpart support work, the Qingdao Municipal Government held several meetings on the pairing-off poverty alleviation and incorporated the counterpart support work into the list of important targets of the city government. The City Economic Cooperation Office undertook the responsibility of the Counterpart Support Leading Group Office, took the lead to strengthen its communication and coordination with the relevant functional departments and mobilized social forces to participate in the anti-poverty work, creating a good atmosphere for the pairing-off poverty alleviation. Second, improving the coordination mechanism. Founded six work teams composed of relevant people from the City Commission of Urban and Rural Construction, the City Economy and Information Commission, the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Education Bureau, the Municipal Tourism Bureau and the Municipal Economic Cooperation Office, with six deputy mayor-level municipal leaders as the heads, actively contacted Anshun City and established the long-term mechanism for East-West Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation. Third, improving the mechanism to promote the pairing-off poverty alleviation. Shandong provincial government attached great importance to the pairing-off poverty alleviation work, issued the“Guidance of Shandong Provincial People’s Government on Further Promoting the Counterpart Support for Chongqing and Guizhou”(Lu Zheng Zi [2014] No.105), incorporated the counterpart support for Anshun into the provincial poverty alleviation work system and mobilized all circles of society to increase efforts on the pairing-off poverty alleviation. Fourth, optimizing the pairing-off poverty alleviation mechanism. 8 districts and cities of Qingdao signed the counterpart support agreement with 7 districts and counties of Anshun, more than 20 departments of the two cities signed the department cooperation agreements for pairing-off poverty alleviation, organized more than 40 exchange visits, implemented the cooperation projects and further improved the counterpart support working mechanism.

【Aid projects】According to the key support contents determined by the counterpart support agreement, giving play to the leading role of the counterpart aid funds, in 2014, Qingdao City determined the allocation of 30 million yuan of government aid funds and organized the implementation of aid projects, including the construction of beautiful villages, eco-agriculture demonstration parks, the basic public service capacity and human resources trainings, investment inviting and promotion, etc.

【Social assistance】Qingdao City actively integrated social resources, established the long-term mechanism for mobilizing social resources to participate in the pairing-off poverty alleviation, and mobilized social forces to get involved in the counterpart support. Qingdao Bank organized its employees to donate 2.1 million yuan to launch the“Project Hope Student-aid Public Welfare Project”in Anshun City, set up the“Inspirational Class”and“Mingzhi Class”of Qingdao Bank (50 students per class, 100 students in total) for the students with outstanding performance from needy families of Anshun No.1 Middle School and Anshun No.2 Middle School, aiming at helping them complete the high school education smoothly. Shinan District issued 15 million yuan of project funds for the renovation of Chengguan No.1 Primary School in Pingba County, of which 9 million yuan was invested in Phase I project, and donated 900,000 yuan for the disaster relief of Pingba County after the flood and 600,000 yuan to improve local medical conditions. China Democratic National Construction Association Qingdao Municipal Committee donated 300,000 yuan to set up the student-aid fund in Puding County. Revolutionary Committee of Chinese Kuomintang, China Democratic League and China Peasants’and Workers’Democratic Party Qingdao Municipal Committee organized field research in Xixiu District of Anshun City and donated 450,000 yuan in kind and cash. Qingdao Municipal Women’s Federation donated 150,000 yuan to the project of“Mothers’Water Cellar”and donated materials (clothing, quilt, books and stationery, etc.) worth 400,000 yuan as well; Qingdao Municipal Committee of the Communist Youth League took the lead to raise 676,000 yuan to rescue needy students and build Hope Primary Schools. Haier Group donated 300,000 yuan for the construction of a Hope Primary School in Puding County. Giving full play to its organizational advantages and the role of the humanitarian service platform, Qingdao City Red Cross Society comprehensively implemented the projects of Weichen Student Aid and“Red Cross Fraternity to Millions of Families”and donated 715,500 yuan in cash and 336,000 yuan in kind. Laoshan District donated 723,000 yuan to support the exhibition of characteristic products of Puding County, the drinking water project of Houchang Town Northwest Primary School and the Power Transformation Station Upgrading Project of Gumao Primary School, improving the water and electricity environment of the schools. Jimo City donated 1.8 million yuan for the construction of primary schools, family planning facilities, standardized classrooms and drought resisting and disaster relief activities, etc. Qingdao Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, Qingdao Charity Society, Qingdao Sanli Group, Anshun City Civil Affairs Bureau and Anshun Charity Society reached a consensus for Qingdao Charity Society to invest 3 million yuan for the projects to assist the needy and elderly people. In August, Qingdao Charity Society donated 300,000 yuan to Anhui Charity Society, mainly supporting the disaster relief work in Pingba County.

【Industrial poverty alleviation】The two cities held in Qingdao the Industrial Park Construction Promotion Meeting. Qingdao Huatong Group Company signed the“Investment Agreement on the Industrial Center Project of Qingdao Anshun Industrial Development Park”with Xixiu District of Anshun. With an investment of 500 million yuan from the municipal government, Qingdao Huatong Group Company founded the Qing’an Industry Investment Development Co., Ltd in Anshun City. Phase I  project of the 70,000-square meter integrated project was launched. Qingdao City Planning and Design Institute completed the preparation of the initial program of the“Qingdao Anshun Industrial Park Master Plan (2014-2030)”, and assisted the holding of five industrial park promotion and investment introduction activities in Xixiu Industrial Park. In December 2014, the two cities held in Qingdao the Key Project Signing Ceremony for the industrial park program, signed eight key projects with an investment of 2.18 billion yuan, namely the Xixiu Healthy Eco-industrial Park, Anshun Downtown North Wastewater Treatment Plant, the Environmental Protection Equipment Base, the construction of North Part of West No.5 Road of Anshun City, Eruan Science  Park, the Multifunction Ecological Packaging and Agricultural Film Investment Project, the electrical equipment manufacturing and paint production.

【Intellectual assistance】The two cities continued to exchange cadres. In August, the second batch of 26 cadres was sent to each other. The Organization Department of Qingdao Municipal Party Committee held two training courses for 181 cadres at all levels of Anshun City. In June, we held the poverty-relief and tourism cadre training course titled“Study of the Comprehensive Development of Rural Tourism”for 50 division leaders. In August, Jiusan Society Qingdao Municipal Committee coordinated Qingdao Agricultural University to hold an agricultural technical training for 50 people of Anshun Agriculture Commission. In October, the Propaganda Department of Qingdao Municipal Party Committee held in Qingdao Party School two training courses titled“enhancing the professional quality and strengthening propaganda cadres training”for 100 grassroots propaganda cadres of Anshun City. Qingdao Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security held in Qingdao a training course on labor skills and social insurance for 30 grassroots cadres of the county and township human resource departments of Anshun City. Jiang Hong, Executive Director and Vice President of Tsingtao Brewery Co., Ltd was invited to deliver a report of“Implications of the Successful Experience of Tsingtao Brewery for Business Management”on the senior manager forum of“Zhihui Anshun”sponsored by Working Committee of Enterprises of Anshun Municipal Party Committee. More than 600 representatives of the industrial parks, enterprises, schools and business-related service departments of Anshun attended the event. The training helped the grassroots cadres master new knowledge, new philosophies and new ideas, broadened their horizons and improved the management and business operation ability.

【Economic and trade cooperation】Jointly with the relevant departments of Anshun City, we visited the Airport Group and Shandong Airlines, held talks on the flights from Qingdao to Anshun, and held talks with Qingdao Tourism Bureau and some travel agencies. The tourism departments of the two sides signed the cooperation agreements. In October, the special tourist train from Qingdao to Anshun was opened up. We actively coordinated the member units of the Leading Group of Counterpart Support Work to organize relevant enterprises to carry out field research in Anshun, build the“bridge”for the cooperation of the two sides, cooperated with relevant departments of Anshun City to hold investment introduction meetings and carry out economic and trade negotiation activities in Qingdao City to promote the investment introduction work. The United Front Work Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce, the China Democratic League Qingdao Municipal Committee, the Municipal Food and Drug Administration, the Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology and the Municipal Bureau of Commerce as well as some districts and cities organized 150 enterprises to carry out field research in Anshun, mainly negotiating on investment projects in the field of electronic information, modern agriculture, special light industry, medicine and health, cultural tourism, building materials, etc. Anshun City People’s Government held in Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition the“Anshun Culture Week”campaign to promote Anshun’s characteristic culture and make more people understand the city of Anshun.

  (Qingdao City Domestic Economic.Cooperation Office)

Guangzhou-Guizhou (Qiannan)

Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, in accordance with the overall objective of“lifting Qiannan Prefecture out of poverty and building a well-off society in the prefecture simultaneously with other domestic areas by 2020”and the strategy of“giving full play to the leading role of the government and the driving role of the market and paying equal attention to counterpart support and exchange and cooperation”, Guangzhou adopted various measures to further promote the pairing-off poverty alleviation work in Qiannan Prefecture.

【Pairing-off support】In 2014, 12 districts (county-level) of Guangzhou City were designated to provide counterpart support for 12 counties of Qiannan Prefecture, further advanced the counterpart support work in the field of cadres training, temporary cadres’practice, education-based poverty alleviation, economic and trade cooperation and infrastructure construction, signed a number of poverty relief agreements and plans and successively signed the“Strategic Cooperation Framework Agreement between Dushan County People’s Government and Panyu District People’s Government on Cooperative Construction of Industrial Parks”, the“Cooperation Framework Agreement on the Counterpart Personnel Support of Panyu District of Gangzhou City for Dushan County of Qiannan Prefecture”, the“Cooperation Framework Agreement on the Counterpart Personnel Support of Conghua City Government for Huishui County Government (2014-2020)”, etc. Baiyun District Government formulated the“Work Plan of Baiyun District on the Counterpart Support for Libo County (2014-2016)”. Huadu District established the pairing-off relationship with the organization, science and technology, education, agriculture and civil affairs departments of Weng’an County and formulated the counterpart support plan. We strengthened cadre exchange and training. Panyu District, Baiyun District, Tianhe District, Huadu District and Luogang District respectively received relevant cadres of the twinned poor counties to practice and attend trainings in local area. Third, supporting the twinned poor counties to improve the public welfare facilities such as education facilities and highroads. Panyu District, Conghua City, Tianhe District, Haizhu District, Yuexiu District, Liwan District and Zengcheng City respectively issued 4 million yuan, 2.1 million yuan, 1.7 million yuan, one million yuan, 450,000 yuan, 300,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan to support the twinned poor counties. According to statistics, the city’s 12 districts invested a total of 15.568 million yuan of unplanned relief funds. Fourth, supporting industrial development. Panyu District, Nansha District and Tianhe District made a contribution to the development of the industrial base of agriculture and jade processing industry of the twinned counties.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】Arranged 300 poor rural students of Qiannan Prefecture to receive free vocational education in the secondary vocational schools of Guangzhou and provided scholarships for them, and organized the secondary vocational schools of Guangzhou City to provide counterpart support for 13 secondary vocational schools in Qiannan Prefecture, fully affirmed by LGOP. Guangzhou University and Guangzhou Vocational and Technical College were designated to provide counterpart support respectively for Qiannan Normal College of Nationalities and Qiannan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities in the field of discipline development, teacher training and the exchange of cadres. In terms of health and medical assistance, the health supervision departments of both sides reached a consensus for Guangzhou to give technical guidance for Qiannan Prefecture in personnel training and relevant work. Currently, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has reached the intention with Qiannan Prefectural Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine on teaching support. Qiannan Prefectural Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has become the teaching hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In the field of scientific and technological support, Guangzhou Bureau of Science and Information Technology provided active support and launched four projects already, namely the technical project of competitive tea variety’s efficient processing technology industrialization demonstration and promotion, the drinking plant research project, the scientific park’s incubator platform construction project, and the research and demonstration of key technologies for the extraction of natural products of blumea. In terms of the cooperation in agricultural product sales, Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Qiannan Prefectural Commission of Agriculture signed the cooperation agreement, and established a long-term market docking mechanism to combine farmers’income growth due to agricultural products development in Qiannan Prefecture with the“vegetable basket”project of the citizens of Guangzhou. In terms of cooperation in the field of tourism, the tourism bureaus of both sides signed the tourism cooperation agreement, aiming at enhancing the reputation of Qiannan Prefecture in Guangzhou and the Pearl River Delta Region. As for social assistance, Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau raised 2.4 million yuan to support Qiannan Prefecture and donated 1.03 million yuan of social goods; 21 civil affairs units signed the pairing-off poverty alleviation agreements with Qiannan Prefecture. As for human resources sharing, Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security supported Qiannan Prefecture to construct the“Platform for Online Training of Technical Personnel”, the“Personnel Evaluation and Public Institutions’Recruitment and Examination System”and the“Vocational Education Training Base”and hold the labor exchange forums, the school-enterprise cooperation forums and labor recruitment forums.

【Aid projects】In accordance with the spirit of the“Three-year Plan for Guangzhou to Provide Counterpart Support for Qiannan Prefecture (2013-2015)”, we organized careful inspection on the aid projects of 2013 and carried out field research on the aid projects of 2014, and completed all the projects of 2013. In 2014, Guangzhou City Government issued 32 million yuan of relief funds for Qiannan Prefecture, covering village road building, secondary vocational education, rural primary school, rural agricultural markets, street lamp, rural cultural square, forestry R&D and cadre training, benefiting 17 towns, 18 villages and 23,000 people in 12 counties (cities, districts) and Duyun Economic Development Zone of Qiannan Prefecture.

【Investment inviting】Focused on promoting industrial park construction and the introduction of private enterprises to participate. Since the implementation of the counterpart support work, Guangzhou City has organized a total of more than 80 enterprises and chambers of commerce in Pearl River Delta Region to carry out more than 20 field surveys in Qiannan Prefecture, and Qiannan Prefecture organized a total of 61 batches of enterprises to take part in the investment introduction activities in Guangzhou City, visited 515 enterprises and signed 93 projects with a total investment of 43.4 billion yuan. According to statistics, 20 enterprises have invested 5.59 billion yuan in Qiannan Prefecture so far, and 1.91 billion yuan was issued already. With support of Guangzhou City Federation of Industry and Commerce, project investment agreements with a total investment of 630 million yuan were signed between Fuquan city and Gaoyu Mining Co., Ltd (from Guangdong), between Libo County and Guangzhou Baiyun District Songzhou Dongfa Vegetable Marketing Department, and between Dushan County and Guangdong Yida Garment Co., Ltd. On May 30, we assisted Qiannan Prefecture to hold the business logistics program promotion meeting in Guangzhou. The two sides actively promoted the implementation of investment projects in Guangzhou. Seven investment projects were signed at the event with a total investment of 2.5 billion yuan, further advancing the industrial cooperation between the two sides. In August, during the Guangzhou Expo period, Guangzhou City provided free booths for  Qiannan Prefecture to attend the event and carried out investment inviting activities to fully present the urban construction, agricultural development and tourism resources situation of Qiannan Prefecture. Huadu District of Guangzhou actively accelerated the construction of Guangzhou (Huadu) Industrial Park in Weng’an Economic Development Zone and assisted Weng’an County to introduce five enterprises into the industrial park, including Guizhou Fengyuan Printing and Packaging Industry Co., Ltd, Guizhou Jinchicheng Lubricants Technology Trading Co., Ltd., etc.

 (Zhang Shixue, Comprehensive Research Division, Guangzhou City Collaboration Office)

Shenzhen-Guizhou (Bijie) Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Shenzhen achieved positive results in the pairing-off poverty alleviation with Bijie City of Guizhou Province. By integrating various resources, Shenzhen continued to increase support for Bijie City to successfully carry out the investment promotion and project signing activity, which was attended by more than 200 social groups and enterprises from Guangdong, Fujian, Sichuan, Hong Kong and Shenzhen, and 41 projects were signed at the event. Meanwhile, we organized cadre and talent exchanges for 31 person-times; through“going out”and“inviting in”, held trainings for the cadres and educational and health care personnel of Bijie for more than 1400 person-times; accelerated the implementation of the labor skills training program of“Shenzhen-Qiannan Rain Plan Vehicle”, and arranged 130 junior and senior high school graduates from needy families of Bijie to receive practical skills training in Shenzhen,  aiming at enhancing their 

job skills.

【Working mechanism】In 2014, Shenzhen further strengthened the organization and leadership of pairing-off poverty alleviation, introduced the“Guidance on Further Strengthening Counterpart Support for Bijie”, designated seven districts (new areas) of Shenzhen to provide counterpart support for seven counties in Wumeng Mountain Area of Bijie City, focusing on the cooperation in key problem tackling for poverty alleviation and development, industrial cooperation, cadre and personnel training and human resources development.

【Aid projects】In 2014, Shenzhen invested financial relief funds of 47.1 million yuan, of which 33 million yuan was from the city government and 14.1 million yuan was from the district governments; supported the construction of 59 aid projects, covering all districts and counties of Bijie City; invested 12.6 million yuan to implement 7 pilot projects of beautiful countryside construction through overall village planning to comprehensively improve the production and living conditions of the masses and the backwardness of the villages; invested 32.2 million yuan to construct public service projects, covering farmland, water conservancy construction, rural roads, renovation of rural houses, drinking water projects, education and medical care, addressing a number of urgent problems of the masses; and invested 2.3 million yuan in the cadre and personnel trainings and labor

skills trainings.

【Social assistance】Starting from“education supporting by teachers”, Shenzhen City organized volunteers to carry out teaching support activities in Guizhou, aiming at enhancing the teaching level of the rural primary schools of Guizhou Province. Sun Ying, a representative of the teaching support activity, was titled“Advanced Individual in Social Poverty Alleviation of Guizhou Province”with outstanding performance in 2014.

 (Ludong,  Shenzhen Counterpart Support Office)

Xiamen-Gansu Linxia Hui Autonomous

Prefecture Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Xiamen municipal government seriously implemented the important strategic deployments made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, vigorously promoted the pairing-off cooperation with Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province (hereinafter referred to as“Linxia”) in poverty reduction. By increasing investment of relief funds, strengthening exchange visits of two sides, developing rational planning for the aid projects, assisting investment inviting and organizing social poverty alleviation, Xiamen continued to improve the quality of its counterpart support for Linxia of Gansu Province. The aiding cities and districts raised the aid funds from 21 million yuan in 2013 to 33 million yuan, up 57%. In 2014, governments at all levels of Xiamen City organized the implementation of 17 livelihood improvement projects,  held two meetings on investment invitation, signed four agreements on economic and trade cooperation, and held 40 technical and jobs skills trainings for 1875 people, including party and government leaders, backbone teachers, technical persons and rural unemployed labors.

【Working mechanism】Based on the actual needs of the pairing-off cooperation in poverty alleviation, Xiamen City continued to improve the working mechanism, seriously implemented the system for regular exchange visits of high-level leaders to create smooth communication channels and, in accordance with the requirements of“pairing-off poverty alleviation”of LGOP, improved the district-county pairing-off mechanism. Xiamen City Counterpart Support Office issued the“Opinions on Further Strengthening the Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation with Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province”, made clear the key contents of the pairing-off poverty alleviation between six districts and the Torch High-tech Development Zone of Xiamen and seven national poor counties of Linxia Prefecture, established a stable relief fund raising mechanism and had specific provisions on the district financial inputs of Linxia Prefecture as well. Meanwhile, Xiamen also established a stable pairing-off cooperative relationship with the relevant departments of Linxia Prefecture, covering economy and trade, education, health, labor, transportation, tourism, etc., and achieved remarkable results in concrete business cooperation.

【Exchange visits】In October, Fujian Provincial Party Standing Committee Member and Xiamen Party Secretary Wang Menghui headed a government delegation to carry out pairing-off poverty alleviation in Linxia Prefecture and held talks with the prefectural party committee and government on the mutual communication, industrial cooperation, livelihood improvement and development advancing. After the meeting, Governor of Gansu Province Liu Weiping met with the delegation headed by Wang Menghui and the two sides exchanged views on strengthening their comprehensive cooperation. In 2014, the two sides organized one exchange visit of ministerial leaders and 21 exchange visits of department leaders.

【Aid projects】In 2014, Xiamen and Linxia Prefecture launched a total of 17 aid projects with financial project funds of 30 million yuan, including four projects funded by the municipal government with a total investment of 52.5962 million yuan, of which 17 million yuan from Xiamen and 35.5962 million yuan from Linxia. A total of 38.4602 million yuan was invested in the construction of the new school building of Linxia Middle School, of which 10 million yuan was issued by Xiamen City to support the construction of 400-meter standardized playground of the school, covering a land area of 23,100 square meters. After the project construction, it will address the schooling problem of 5,000 students and the boarding and living problems of 2,000 students. A total of 1.369 million yuan was invested in the campus construction of Xiguan Primary School of Chengguan Town, Hezheng County, of which one million yuan was issued by Xiamen City to harden the playground of 4800 square meters and construct two plastic basketball courts and iron walls of 550 meters. After the project completion, it will address the standardized playground problem of the school. A total of 2.267 million yuan was invested in the transformation of Qiuchi Primary School in Puchuan Town of Jishishan County, of which two million yuan was issued by Xiamen City for the construction of teaching building and matching facilities of 985 square meters to improve the learning environment of 270 students of six classes. A total of four million yuan was invested in entire village advancement projects, of which 1.04 million yuan was used for the renovation of old and dilapidated houses of 130 needy households in five poor villages and 2.96 million yuan was used to support the lily planting of 760 mu of

220 households.

The districts of Xiamen City invested a total of 13 million in the aid projects. Two education facility construction projects were implemented: Haicang District invested one million yuan in the reconstruction of Wujiapu Primary School of Xiaoguan Town, Jishishan County; Jimei District invested 1.65 million yuan in the implementation of Yatang School of Hezheng County to effectively improve local school conditions; nine road and bridge projects were launched: Huli District invested 2 million yuan to build bridges for Wujia Town of Dongxiang County to address the road problem of 7 villages, 1576 households and 8140 people; Haicang District invested one million yuan to build Haicang Bridge in Chuima Beach of Jishishan County; Tong’an District put in 2 million yuan in the construction of seven bridges and the hardening of roads of 2.5 km for Xinyongjia Village of Kangle County; Jimei District invested 350,000 yuan in village road hardening for Qianjin Village, Xinzhuang Town, Hezheng County; Xiang’an District put in 1.5 million yuan for three road hardening projects of 6 km in Yongjing County, addressing the road problem of local residents and the transport difficulty of local agricultural and sideline products; and Torch High-tech Development Zone invested one million yuan in bridge construction for Yahe New Village, Zhuangkeji Town, Guanghe County, addressing the river-crossing problem of more than 350 people of 70 households. One poverty-relief relocation project was implemented: Xiang’an District invested 500,000 yuan for the relocation of 11 rural households living in harsh conditions of Hegou and Qianwan Village Group, Wangtai Village, Yongjing County, addressing the road and schooling problems of these poor people. One medical project was implemented: Siming District invested two million yuan in the construction of the Outpatient and Inpatient Building of Yinji Town Central Hospital of Linxia County, covering a built-up area of 1200 square meters, facilitating the medical treatment of local residents and achieving good economic and social benefits.

【Economic and trade cooperation】In September and October, 2014, Xiamen City successively organized second batches of 16 food, machinery, tourism, trade and logistics companies to carry out field research in Linxia Prefecture. Xiamen Municipal Tourism Bureau, Xiamen Seashine Group Co., Ltd., Xiamen CCRE Group Co., Ltd. and Xiamen Light Industry Group Co., Ltd. signed four agreements on the cooperation in tourism development, economic and trade development and technical support with the relevant departments of Linxia Prefecture, and the remaining companies contacted the relevant departments and enterprises of Linxia and held talks on industrial development and project implementation as well as labor transfer, etc.

Xiamen Municipal Tourism Bureau formulated the tourism management and staff training program as required by Linxia Prefecture and held management trainings for hotels, resorts and travel agencies. The two sides agreed that Xiamen Tourism Group and Xiamen C & D International Travel Service Co., Ltd should select the appropriate tourism projects and lines for tourism development cooperation jointly with the tourism enterprises in Linxia Prefecture. Making use of the existing platforms for“the docking between farmers and wholesale market”and the“docking between farmers, wholesale market and supermarket”, Seashine Group purchased farm produce of Linxia Prefecture and launched them in the market of Xiamen, involving 2 tons of mutton, 28,600 packages of beef and 35.12 tons of potatoes worth 780,000 yuan or so. To provide technical support for the R&D of the food enterprises in Linxia Prefecture, Gulong Food Co., Ltd of Seashine Light Industry Group presented a service project list to the food enterprises of Linxia, provided free detection services for them, and planned to, from 2015 onward, send experts and technical personnel regularly to give technical guidance for relevant enterprises of Linxia and hold trainings on law and quality management system building.

【Intellectual assistance】In 2014, Xiamen City allocated 1.8 million yuan of relief funds, organized 30 training courses for 200 rural technicians and 1500 unemployed labors of Linxia Prefecture; arranged 400,000 yuan of relief funds to hold a one-week training for 100 backbone teachers of GradeⅢ of high schools in Linxia, covering Chinese language, mathematics, English, physics, chemistry, history and geography. Haicang District, Jimei District, Tong’an District and Xiang’an District Education Bureau helped six migrant children from Linxia get the opportunity to go to public primary and secondary schools. Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security provided technical support for the implementation of the Jinbao Project of Linxia Prefectural Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security.

【Cadre training】In 2014, in accordance with the agreement between Xiamen and Linxia on the pairing-off poverty alleviation, Xiamen City arranged special funds of 800,000 yuan and entrusted the Party School of Xiamen City Party Committee to hold two party and government cadre trainings for 74 party and government cadres of Linxia, including 32 cadres at or above division level, and received 10 deputy division-level cadres of Linxia Prefecture to practice in Xiamen.

 (Mao Jiangfeng, Counterpart Support Office, Xiamen City Economic Development Bureau)

Zhuhai-Sichuan Liangshan Yi Autonomous

Prefecture Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】In 2014, Zhuhai City earnestly fulfilled its responsibilities as a special zone, implemented the deployments on the east-west pairing-off poverty alleviation and mechanism innovation to steadily promote rural poverty alleviation and development, attached great importance and made constant innovations to the pairing-off poverty alleviation and achieved new results. In 2014, according to statistics, Zhuhai provided grants and donations of 25.195 million yuan to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province (hereinafter referred to as“Liangshan Prefecture”), of which 15.93 million yuan was from all levels of governments, 1.3 million yuan was social donations and 7.965 million yuan was donations in kind; implemented 29 aid projects to improve the production and living conditions of 65,000 impoverished people; sent 191 teachers and doctors to the poor areas and arranged exchange visits for 188 person-times; organized 15 famous enterprises to carry out field research in Liangshan Prefecture and organized 10 tourism enterprises to sign cooperation agreements with Liangshan Prefecture.

【Working mechanism】In 2014, Zhuhai further strengthened the organizational leadership of pairing-off poverty reduction and strengthened communication to form joint force. First, organized exchange visits of high-level leaders. The municipal party committee and municipal government successively sent a delegation to carry out field survey in Liangshan Prefecture and held two meetings on pairing-off poverty alleviation. Second, strengthened communication between departments. Two districts and 12 municipal units successively dispatched 21 batches of 188 people to Liangshan Prefecture for investigation and exchange activities and implemented the aid projects; the poverty alleviation departments of both sides made full use of the modern means of communication, set up the QQ group and micro-channel group for remote communication on the exchange work, timely reported the project progress and addressed actual problems. Zhuhai sent three work teams to hold joint meetings and carry out inspection on the aid project implementation in Liangshan Prefecture. Liangshan Prefectural Poverty Alleviation Office, Puge County, Liangshan Agricultural School, education, health, culture and tourism departments successively sent work teams to Zhuhai for exchange of views on the pairing-off poverty alleviation. Third, actively organized business matching. 15 enterprises of Zhuhai carried out field survey on the investment environment of Liangshan to look for opportunities for development cooperation. Ten tourism enterprises carried out field research in Liangshan and signed the cooperation agreements on tourism and cultural exchange with local governments.

【Aid projects】In 2014, Zhuhai provided support for the construction of 29 aid projects in Liangshan Prefecture with an investment of 25.195 million yuan, covering Yijia New Village, roads and bridges, safe drinking water, health, culture, education, social programs and special training, etc. First, invested 6 million yuan in the construction of Yijia New Village and Mosuo Home respectively for Yanyuan and Xide County in Gaolangang and Wanshan District; Second, the municipal government invested 1.4 million yuan to improve the infrastructure in Yijia New  Village of Shunhe Village and Hongjunshu Village, Puge County, put in 1.5 million yuan in the construction of two suspension bridges in Wuha Village and Qiemo Village of Xide County, invested 900,000 to implement three drinking water projects respectively in Guoji Village of Puge County and Waer Village and Lailuo Village of Zhaojue County, and issued 600,000 yuan to purchase ambulances, other medical equipment and medicines for Puge County Luowugou Hospital. Third, continued to develop vocational education. In 2014, Zhuhai invested 500,000 yuan to help Liangshan Agricultural School found the“Shanhaiyuan”Ethnic Costumes and Cultural Center to boost the development of Yi culture in Liangshan; invested 500,000 yuan to support traditional crafts training to improve the ability of rural women in Liangshan for economic development; invested 500,000 yuan in the construction of mechanical and electrical training room for Liangshan Agricultural School and improved the“Zhuhai”matching project jointly launched by Zhuhai and Liangshan so that Liangshan Agricultural School would play a leading role in Zhuhai-Liangshan pairing-off poverty alleviation. Fourth, strengthened cadre, talent and labor transfer trainings, issued 200,000 yuan to support the provincial cadre and personnel training of Sichuan; issued 530,000 yuan to support the training of prefectural and county-level poverty relief cadres of Liangshan Prefecture in Zhuhai; provided 500,000 yuan of labor transfer training fee for Liangshan Prefecture, mainly to guide the professional skills training in various forms. Based on the actual situation of water transport in Liangshan, Zhuhai City donated transportation boats worth 7.8 million yuan to Liangshan Prefecture.

【Social assistance】In 2014, Zhuhai increased efforts on social assistance, introduced the“Work Program on the Implementation of‘Five 100 and Five Batches’for Pairing-off Poverty Alleviation with Liangshan Prefecture”and created the grand pattern of poverty alleviation characterized by good communication, department linkage, social participation and close cooperation. First, through the“1+2”mode (one year in Liangshan and two years in Zhuhai), Zhuhai Technician College and Liangshan Agricultural School jointly held the first“Zhuhai Class”and recruited 100 students from Liangshan Prefecture, for whom Zhuhai City provided subsidies of 10,000 yuan per student per year. Second, the education departments of both sides jointly formulated the“Implementation Plan for Zhuhai to Support the Education of Liangshan Prefecture”. Zhuhai City successively dispatched five batches of 48 people to carry out field survey in Liangshan Prefecture, including leaders and researchers of the Municipal Education Bureau, principals, directors and backbone teachers of secondary schools, etc., who gave demonstration lessons and special lectures for the grassroots teachers; Liangshan Prefecture successively sent four batches of 52 people to study and practice in Zhuhai, including the leaders of the Prefectural Education Bureau, principals, directors and backbone teachers of secondary schools, etc. Third, Zhuhai City Health and Family Planning Bureau successively sent two delegations headed by its leaders to support the pairing-off poverty alleviation in Liangshan and dispatched three batches of 31 experts in gynecology, pediatrics, burns surgery, general surgery, Chinese medicine and internal medicine to give instruction in medical treatment and specialty construction in Liangshan Prefecture; the main leaders of Liangshan Prefecture Health Bureau headed a delegation to talk about the pairing-off poverty alleviation in Zhuhai and sent 60 medical workers to practice and study in the hospitals and health schools of Zhuhai City. Fourth, Zhuhai Foundation for Poverty Alleviation mobilized private chambers of commerce to donate 500,000 yuan to subsidize the needy college students of Liangshan Prefecture and promised to carry out this activity for ten consecutive years. Fifth, Zhuhai City Poverty Alleviation Office invested one million yuan to help Liangshan Agricultural School found the Shanhaiyuan ethnic costumes and cultural center in Liangshan, set up the Shanhaiyuan minority craft studios and implemented the training program for 100 Yi traditional handicraft technicians to promote the development of the traditional handicraft culture of Yi people. Sixth, Zhuhai Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau organized ten local enterprises to carry out field research in Liangshan Prefecture, supported Liangshan to hold the key tourism project promotion meeting in Zhuhai, made propaganda on Liangshan’s tourism resources in Zhuhai, relevant media and websites, set up the Liangshan Tourism Publicity Service Center in Zhuhai Travel Consultation Service Center, and organized well-known hotels and travel agencies to help hold trainings of backbone employees in Liangshan. Seventh, Zhuhai Municipal Federation of Industry and Commerce organized 13 private entrepreneurs to communicate with the local businesses of Liangshan Prefecture. Eighth, Zhuhai Broadcasting and TV, Zhuhai Special Zone Newspaper Office, Zhuhai Photographers Society and Zhuahi Artists Association jointly organized 12 media reporters and photographers to Liangshan for interviews and field survey, reported and made propagandas on Liangshan Prefecture, covering local natural scenery, ethnic customs, characteristic products and anti-poverty work, enhancing the understanding of Liangshan. Ninth, Zhuhai Municipal Poverty Alleviation Office, Sichuan Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau and Liangshan Prefecture Poverty Alleviation Office jointly organized 48 poverty-relief cadres to hold training courses in Zhuhai to learn the“Shuangdao”working experience of Zhuhai and carry out field research on the economic and social development of Zhuhai and Pearl River Delta. Tenth, Zhuhai Municipal Bureau of Commerce held in Zhuhai the Liangshan-Zhuhai Enterprises’Business Matchmaking Meeting. 17 units of Liangshan organized 50 kinds of featured products to be displayed in Zhuhai and contacted 26 enterprises and units of Zhuhai City at the event, promoting the marketing of featured products of Liangshan’s enterprises in Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong and Macao. Meanwhile, we mobilized all circles of society to participate in the poverty alleviation. Gongbei Customs young volunteers donated 11,000 pieces of clothes worth 165,000 yuan to

Liangshan Prefecture.

(Lin Yuan, Zhuhai City Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation)

 

（II）Poverty Alleviation by the Army and Armed Police

【Overview】In 2014, in accordance with the national poverty alleviation and development planning and local unified deployments, adhering to the combination of local needs and the army’s capabilities, focusing on the improvement of people’s livelihood, giving play to its advantages, the People’s Liberation Army and armed police forces continued to help the poor, support teaching and medical treatment and support the construction of a new socialist countryside, making a contribution to the economic development, people’s livelihood improvement and social harmony and stability in impoverished areas.

【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】In accordance with the deployments and requirements of the Central Military Commission and the headquarters, the troops, especially those in old revolutionary base areas, minority areas, border areas and contiguous destitute areas continued  to steadily advance the fixed-point poverty alleviation work in 63 poor counties, 547 impoverished  towns and 2856 poverty-stricken villages. Beijing Military Region organized 605 units above the regimental level to provide counterpart support for the impoverished villages in the old revolutionary base areas and impoverished regions of North China. Jinan Military Region organized division and brigade-level units to provide counterpart support for 473 impoverished villages in Yimeng Mountain Area and Dabie Mountain Area and implemented four kinds projects, namely student-aid project, poverty reduction project, medical service project and afforestation project. Nanjing Military Region designated nine advanced armed forces to support nine impoverished towns in Jinggangshan City of Jiangxi Province and continued to carry out the activity of“joint study of innovation theory, joint creation of advanced organizations and joint construction of civilization”. Hunan Military Region provided, for 27 consecutive years, counterpart support for Sangzhi County by sending cadres to work in the poor villages, lifting more than 60,000 people out of poverty. Hebei Military Region organized 367 units above regiment level of the Hebei-stationed troops to carry out the activity of“Helping Building A Well-off Society and Serving the People”. Hubei Military Region coordinated 24 units above regiment level of the Wuhan-stationed troops to provide counterpart support for Hong’an and Macheng Old Revolutionary Base Area, improving the overall effectiveness of the anti-poverty work. A number of advanced models were identified in the anti-poverty work. Ten collectives  and ten individuals, who played a good leading role in the anti-poverty work, were titled“Advanced Collectives / Individuals for Social Poverty Alleviation”.

【Poverty Alleviation Day Activities】In accordance with the government’s overall deployments on the activities on the First Poverty Alleviation Day and the requirements of the“Circular on Organizing Troops to Actively Participate in the Poverty Alleviation Day Activities of 2014”issued by the General Office of the General Political Department of PLA, the troops earnestly designed, organized and participated in the poverty alleviation day activities. First, making propagandas on poverty alleviation. Making use of the radio, television, newspapers, websites, microblog and WeChat platform, the military news media made a series of reports on China’s anti-poverty work, armed forces’anti-poverty work and the advanced models in the poverty alleviation and development. The“Military Report”of CCTV-7 reported the armed forces’anti-poverty work for six consecutive years. The“Liberation Army Daily”made propagandas  on the advanced models in the armed forces’anti-poverty work for four consecutive years. The newspapers of the military regions and armed forces generally opened up special column to report the poverty alleviation and development work, creating a good atmosphere for poverty alleviation and development. Second, actively participated in the national and local activities. All levels of armed forces, especially the provincial military system strengthened the contacts with the provincial (autonomous regional and municipal) poverty alleviation departments, mobilized the armies in big and middle-sized cities to take part in the opening ceremony of the Poverty Alleviation Day in local areas, and organized representatives of the army to attend the national teleconference on social poverty alleviation, creating a good atmosphere for all circles of society to get involved in the anti-poverty work. Third, focused on helping the poor. During the Poverty Alleviation Day Activity period, the PLA General Staff Headquarters, General Political Department, General Armament Department, the Navy and the Second Artillery Corps visited the families revolutionary martyrs and servicemen, destitute families, elderly people and disabled families, helping to solve problems in production and living; the General Logistics Department guided 38 hospitals of the army to support 40 county hospitals of poor areas in Xinjiang and dispatched medical teams to provide free clinic services; Shenyang and Nanjing Military Region organized officers and men to work in the communities and schools and do practical things for the masses; the Air Force, Guangzhou Military Region and the National University of Defense Technology were twinned with more than 100 students from needy families on the Poverty Alleviation Day for poverty reduction. Some grass-roots organizations and frontier forces organized the donation activity of“helping the poor and showing our love”and made propagandas on the party’s pro-poor policies for the masses of local area.

【Infrastructure construction】Giving full play to their advantages of tight organization and strong assault force, the army successively organized more than 2.1 million officers and men as well as militia reservists and more than 450,000 machinery vehicles to participate in the construction of roads, drinking water projects and houses in impoverished regions, helped implement more than 3200 rural small water conservancy projects, repaired more than 4700 houses and improved farmland of more than 700,000 mu. Beijing Military Region sent 98400 officers and soldiers and 3944 vehicles to support road construction of 403.2 km in the poor areas of old revolutionary base areas of North China. Xinjiang Military Region continued  to support the implementation of the project of“safe housing construction to enrich people and develop animal husbandry”in the Autonomous Region, organized three automotive groups to help Taxkorgan and Yutian County transport 35,000 tons of building materials, invested 10 million yuan in the construction of 550 safe houses for the residents of Kashgar, Ili and Bazhou Prefecture. Beijing and Lanzhou Military Region Water Supply Project Group helped dig 108 wells in the impoverished regions of Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai Province. Guizhou Military Region coordinated the investment of more than 31 million yuan in the implementation of 51 rural drinking water safety projects, effectively addressing the production and living water problem of more than 2.6 million people.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】All troops continued to support the construction of 1500 primary and secondary schools and subsidized 106,000 students from needy families through the“1 +1”donations for poor students, the construction of“Loving Bayi Schools”and the“Spring Bud Program”. Chengdu Military Region organized the troops to donate 40 million yuan to continue to help improve the conditions of 520 rural schools in Southwest China; organized cadres above regiment level to continue the implementation of the“1+1”student-aid project and donate more than 10 million yuan to subsidize 32,000 students from needy families. The Armed Forces continued to provide support for the construction of 137“Loving Schools”and 105“Spring Bud Girls’Classes”, and subsidized 1400 students from needy families. The Second Artillery Corps further expanded the scope of the“Rocket Soldiers Scholarship (Stipend)”activity to cover the college students from minority needy families of Inner Mongolia and adjusted the quota of students for subsidies from 300 students of four universities to 500 students of five universities. The General Logistics Department organized officers and men to subsidize, in the form of“one-for-one”, 1,000 students of Xinjiang“Bayi Aimin Schools”from needy families until they graduate from high school, with the first batch involving 683 students. The Air Force continued to implement the“Blue Sky Spring Bud Program”. In 2014, it donated 30 million yuan to the contiguous destitute areas in Xinjiang, Tibet and western regions, constructed nine“Blue Sky Spring Bud Schools”and 50 children’s happy homes, and once again won the“China Children Charity Award-Outstanding Contribution

Award”.

【Poverty alleviation by medical and health service】108 hospitals of the whole army continued to increase counterpart support for 134 county hospitals in western poor areas. In 2014, they sent a total of 240 batches of expert groups to support the impoverished areas, gave lectures for more than 500 times and organized ward rounds and surgery teaching for 37,000 person-times, further improving the medical service level of the recipient hospitals. The medical institutions at all levels of the army also actively helped poverty-stricken areas improve the county, township and village-level health and family planning systems, strengthened the prevention and control of major diseases and endemic diseases, held 260 seminars on health care and held trainings for 28,000 medical workers; insisted on providing free itinerant medical services and sent 2600 medical groups to provide medical services for 78,000 person-times for the poor of impoverished regions, promoting the equalization of the public health and basic medical services in impoverished regions. 16 hospitals affiliated to Jinan Military Region were designated to provide counterpart support for 50 township hospitals in Yimeng Mountain Area and Dabie Mountain Area. In 2014, they sent 79 medical teams to provide medical services for 23,000 person-times and donated drugs worth 3.2 million yuan. To address the poverty or poverty returning due to illness and address the medical service difficulties, the military hospitals at all levels constantly increased efforts on the counterpart support and took the initiative to reduce medical expenses for the poor. The General Hospital of the Navy, Air Force and the Armed Police Force and the Fourth Military Medical University continued the special action of“Heart Bud Program”and rescued a total of 687 children with congenital heart disease from needy families of Xinjiang, Tibet and Yunnan. No. 306 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army provided free medical treatment for 26 Tibetan and monk patients with suffering from scoliosis in Qinghai and reduced their medical expenses by more than 5.2 million yuan, highly praised by the local

residents.

【Poverty alleviation by characteristic industries】Based on local natural conditions and historical and cultural resources, the army actively supported the poor villages to develop 210 planting and breeding projects. The garrison troops in Gansu, Qinghai and Yunnan helped the poor in Tibetan areas to introduce and construct 75 breeder cattle and sheep breeding demonstration bases and 23 Tibetan medicine and minority tourism cultural product bases, expanding channels for the poor to shake off poverty. The troops in Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou actively helped local governments collect red historical and cultural resources, protect revolutionary sites, battle sites and commemorative venues and create classic red tourism attractions, and opened up 12,000 farmhouses for rural tourism, promoting the rural labor transfer and the income growth of the poor. Relying on the training bases, teaching teams, families of young militia, etc., the troops held 1600 practical skills trainings for 120,000 backbone technicians,  aiming at enabling each poor person master one or two practical skills. Giving full play to the advantages of the military farms and the planting and breeding bases, the troops in Xinjiang, Tibet and Heilongjiang held more than 700 agricultural technical trainings for more than 30,000 farmers and herdsmen, improving the self-development ability of the poor.

(Liu Bin, Mass Work Office of the PLA General Political Department)

（Ⅲ）Social Poverty Alleviation

Poverty Alleviation by China Foundation

for Poverty Alleviation

【Overview】China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation (CFPA) is a national poverty alleviation public interest organization registered in the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 1989 and was titled as a Class 5A foundation by the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2007 and 2013. As of the end of 2014, it had raised and invested a total of 13.089 billion yuan of poverty-relief funds and materials, benefiting 20.7833 million impoverished and disaster-hit people.

In 2014, with strong support from LGOP and all circles of society, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation continued to carry out various types of anti-poverty work and achieved good results, with total financial income of nearly 3.519 billion yuan including the capital under the management of Zhonghe Rural Credit Project Management Co., Ltd, up 44% over 2013. Its total expenditure on public good amounted to 2.571 billion yuan, up 37%.

Focusing on poverty alleviation in four areas, namely education, public health services, the improvement of rural people’s livelihoods and community development as well as disaster relief, in 2014, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation continued to support vulnerable groups, which benefited about 2.9528 million impoverished and disaster-hit people, including 588900 people covered by education poverty alleviation, 258200 covered by poverty alleviation by public health services, 1.0016 million covered by the poverty alleviation based on the improvement of rural people’s livelihoods and community development and 861500 covered by poverty alleviation by disaster relief.

China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation continued to advocate that everyone can participate in public welfare charity and call for mass participation in anti-poverty actions, achieving public donations of more than 283 million person-times. It actively participated in industry construction to boost the stable, standardized industry development, and vigorously advocated and promoted Chinese NGOs to participate in international anti-poverty work.

【Action 120 for Maternal and Infant Health】The project is designed to help poor mothers and infants and reduce maternal and infant mortality rate. In 2014, with an investment of 6.9459 million yuan, the project covered 7 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), namely Yunnan, Chongqing, Ningxia, Fujian, Anhui, Sichuan and Shanxi and rescued 11 critical critically ill pregnant women, benefiting 9,000 people.

【Love Snacks】By providing nutritional snacks, school kitchen equipment and nutrition education, the project improved the nutritional status of children in poor areas. In 2014, 30.94 million yuan was invested in the project construction, covering 19 prefectures (cities) and 26 counties (districts) of 7 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), namely Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan and Liaoning. 17.632 million yuan was invested in the nutritional snack program, covering 209 schools in 15 counties of three provinces, benefiting 46,000 students. 13.308 million yuan was invested in the Love Kitchen project, covering 206 schools in 17 counties of five provinces, benefiting 68,000 students.

【Care Package Project】By mobilizing social forces to donate“care packages”, this is a universal charity activity for impoverished regions and pupils in disaster-hit areas. In 2014, the project received social donations of 51.9865 million yuan (including 4.6175 million yuan of relief funds) and donated 396200 students’art packages, 49200 students’warmth bags, 9847 students’bags, 500 sports bags and 56 music bags, benefiting 429100 students of 2354 schools in 176 counties of 28 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), including 33300 students of 87 schools in the disaster-hit areas in Ludian.

【Nesting Action】The project is designed to build dormitories for rural primary schools so as to create a warm home for the poor children. In 2014, with an investment of 28.314 million yuan, the Nesting Action set up 51 school dormitories in 29 counties of 13 provinces, directly benefiting

50,800 students.

【New Great Wall Self-improvement Project for Destitute College Students】With financial aid as the basis and talent support as the core, this program is designed to“deliver social care and cultivate talents of self-improvement”. In 2014, 12.91 million yuan was invested to subsidize 5277 university students, including 2323 freshmen, covering 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions).

【New Great Wall Self-improvement Project for High School Students】The project provides financial aid and growth support for the high school students from needy families, aiming at helping them complete the schooling. In 2014, 7.596 million yuan was raised for this project, benefiting 5528 students, including 2115 freshmen, covering 125 counties (cities, districts) of 25 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions).

【Microfinance Project】Through unsecured microfinance, this project is designed to help poor households develop production and realize their dreams. In 2014, the project covered 141 counties of 16 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) nationwide, most of which were national and provincial poverty-stricken counties, the loan balance was 1.88 billion yuan, involving 238,000 rural households, the average amount per loan was 11,300 yuan and the risk loan rate over 30 days was only 0.27%. In 2014, a total of 2.867 billion yuan of loans was issued, up 53%.

【Stream and Bridge Projects】Through bridge building in impoverished regions, this project is designed to address the river-crossing problem of the masses. In 2014, 3.6435 million yuan was invested in the construction of 50 rural bridges in 20 counties of nine provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), namely Yunnan, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Gansu, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi and Chongqing.

【Disaster relief and post-disaster reconstruction projects】This project is designed to alleviate the suffering and anxiety of the people living in impoverished disaster-hit areas and enhance the timeliness and relevance of disaster response; and guide and urge the government to cooperate with non-governmental organizations and civil society organizations in the field of disaster relief to build a humanitarian network. In 2014, we organized the emergency relief actions after Ludian was hit by an earthquake, contributing to the post-disaster reconstruction of Lushan after the earthquake and the disaster relief in small and medium-sized disaster-hit areas, raised a total of 155 million yuan and spent 135 million yuan on the disaster relief, benefiting 828500 people involved.

【“Public Welfare Activity——NGOs’Cooperation-based Community Development Program”】This project is designed to explore NGO cooperation model for the transformation from post-disaster community companionship and community reconstruction to normal development of rural communities, strongly supported by JDB Group, Intel (China) Co., Ltd. and Tencent Charity Foundation. As of the end of 2014, we launched the“Public Welfare Activity—NGOs’Cooperation-based Community Companionship Program”in the disaster areas of Ludian, the“Public Welfare Activity—NGOs’Cooperation-based Community Reconstruction Program”in the disaster area of Lushan, and the“Public Welfare Activity—NGOs’Cooperation-based Community Development Program”in the rural poor communities of Guizhou Province, and supported a total of 35 public projects with an investment of 6.22 million yuan, benefiting 70,000 people of 29 towns in 13 counties of three provinces, namely Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou.

【Beautiful Countryside Planning】In 2014, 10 million yuan was raised for this project and Samsung Fuping Fenxiang Village Project in Shaanxi was launched, benefiting 890 people. In addition, we continued to the beautiful countryside construction in Fanpai Village of Taijiang County, Guizhou Province, Xueshan Village of Muping Town, Qingping Village and Heping Village of Fengtong Town, Baoxing County, Sichuan Province.

【Donation of One Yuan to Show Love and Deliver Nutrition to the Poor】Since its implementation in 2008, for seven consecutive years, through a few thousands restaurants of Esaote Group across the country, including KFC, Pizza Hut, Pizza Hut Home Service and East Dawning as well as the recently established Tencent one-yuan donation network, we advocated the philosophy of public welfare by individuals and called on all circles of society to donate small change to increase nutrition of the children in impoverished regions. In 2014, more than 20 million yuan was raised. In addition to the 4 million yuan donated by Esaote Group and its staff, more than 15 million consumers donated as well.

【“Charitable 100”】It advocates college student volunteers to provide voluntary services for 100 hours, mobilized department stores to provide venue for 100 hours and mobilized social forces to donate 100 yuan of relief funds to implement the concept of everyone charity and the spirit of volunteerism. Since 2011, we have carried out the activity for eight times. More than 100,000 college student volunteers from 106 cities of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) got involved and raised 35.84 million yuan of aid funds for the primary school students in poor areas and affected areas. In 2014, we raised 9.6731 million yuan and a total of 53900 volunteers participated in the event for 1.171 million hours, covering 167 universities in 90 cities of 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities).

【Here for Good】As the first 100-km public welfare and health project of large-scale outdoor Hiking in Mainland China,“Here for Good”encourages the masses to set up four-member groups to complete 50 / 100-km walking within the prescribed time and, believing that“every step will bring about change”, mobilize people around them to support public welfare with practical action to boost the comprehensive development of children in impoverished regions. The activity was launched in 2014, attended by 1044 groups of 3348 people. By drawing lots, 450 groups of 1800 people were allowed to participate in the activity, and finally 1026 people completed the challenge. The event raised a total of 1.5945 million yuan and 785 pairs of shoes. Each participant of the activity mobilized, on average, five people to donate for the program, and got 9102 effective donations. The event won the 2014 Most Innovative CSR Award (sponsored by the Beijing Morning Post) and the 2014 Global Fashion Award (sponsored by the People’s Daily and the World Wide Web).

【24-hour hunger activity】On October 17, 2014, the first Chinese Poverty Alleviation Day, jointly with Sina public welfare and microblog, we launched the 24-hour hunger activity (hereinafter referred to as Hunger 24) and called on people to experience hunger during the period from 20:00 October 16 to 20:00 October 17 and share the experience by changing online social intercourse head portraits and wearing the“Hunger 24”mouth-muffles so as to make more people care about poverty and anti-poverty cause. As of October 22, a total of 82,000 people had kept a watchful eye on the action through the interaction on“experiencing hunger”and 160 million people paid attention to this event through Sina microblogging. China Central Television and other media printed and forwarded about 1100 reports on the event, and the event made an attempt to implement the new model of public advocacy in the ear of mobile Internet.

【International anti-poverty activities of NGOs】In 2014, we completed the field research on the needy college student-aid project for Myanmar and launched the pilot project of subsidizing 50 college students. Jointly with the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) and Tencent, we raised 1.218 million yuan of relief funds for the masses in Africa Ebola epidemic area. In May, in cooperation with the China Lingshan Charity Promotion Association, we held the“Lingshan Charity Promotion Conference 2014”Africa Meeting themed on“Folk Help Folk”to actively promote the development of Chinese charity to the international market.

【Participation in industry construction】In 2014, we supported the compilation and promotion of the“Observation Report on the Third Sector of China”; through the China Charity Federation and the Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs of the National People’s Congress, we make suggestions on charity legislation and provided financial aid for the“World Charity Code project”launched by scholars jointly with other foundations.

【Grassroots NGOs financing】In 2014, through the public welfare projects, NGO cooperation program, etc., we implemented a total of 105 financial aid projects and provided financial assistance for 88 agencies with an investment of 15.44 million yuan.

(Duan Junying, Department of Monitoring, Research and Information Technology,

China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation)

Poverty Alleviation by China Association

of Poverty Alleviation and Development

【Growth Project of University Student Village Cadres】China Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development (hereinafter referred to the Association) launched the Growth Project of University Student Village Cadres in 2011 and held a total of seven training courses in 2014, including one training course respectively in Qin’an of Gansu, Guazhou of Gansu, Yan’an of Shaanxi, Liu’an of Anhui and Shunde of Guangdong, and two drinking water project training respectively in Guizhou and Chongqing jointly with Singapore Lien Aid for 1,000 college student village cadres. With clear theme, the trainings had five prominent features. First, training content: Focusing on cultivating successors to the revolutionary cause with ideals and beliefs education as the core, aiming to help the college student village cadres establish a correct outlook on life and values; second, training mode: adhering to the combination between theory and practice, the combination between lessons and activities, the combination between high-level seminars and live interaction and the combination between typical case study and exchange, enhancing the training effect; third, fully reflecting the purpose of poverty alleviation: through entrepreneurial training, it helped the college student village cadres grow into leaders in getting rich and strived to construct a vital force for poverty reduction so as to lift the impoverished villages out of poverty; fourth, exploring ways to hold grassroots training and the trainings in developed regions, mainly in the villages where the college student village cadres come from and in the developed regions such as Shunde of Guangdong to achieve more significant results; fifth, continued to hold special trainings.

【Venture projects of village cadres】In 2014, China Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development allocated 4.5 million yuan to support the college student cadre projects of 15 impoverished villages in Hanshou County of Hunan Province. These industrial development projects are, covering a large number of rural households, in line with the local industrial development layout and resources conditions and were participated by many poor households, so they have certain development potential and social and economic benefits. Since the implementation of the college student cadre projects, the Association has allocated a total of 32.5 million yuan to support 109 college student cadre projects in Chongqing, Shanxi, Yulin of Shaanxi and Hanshou County of Hunan, benefiting 100,000 farmers.

【“Lien Aid”drinking water cooperation projects】In 2014, the Association and Singapore Lien Aid jointly implemented six drinking water projects, covering 51 villages of 27 counties in Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Ningxia. A total of 34.28 million yuan was invested in the projects, of which 12.4 million yuan was donated by Lien. The project benefited 200,000 farmers and effectively addressed the drinking water problems of local residents and livestock.

【Industrial poverty alleviation】In 2014, to address the financing difficulty for industrial poverty alleviation and development, the Association actively implemented financial poverty alleviation jointly with relevant banks, funds, trust companies and Internet banking agencies, focusing on development-oriented financial poverty alleviation relying on the financial cooperation platform jointly set up with China Development Finance Association. Based on the development-oriented financial poverty alleviation, to carry out development-oriented poverty alleviation, targeting at the leading enterprises in poor areas, aiming at boosting industry development and promoting farmers’income growth, in accordance with the agricultural industrialization mode, we recommended and supported a number of leading enterprises to establish and develop large-scale bases to achieve common prosperity. So far, the Association has established more than 100 project data libraries, carried out field research on 35 projects, determined nine projects as the first batch financial poverty alleviation projects, and actively contacted China Development Finance Association and China Development Bank. A total of 4.121 billion yuan was invested in the projects, of which 2.18 billion yuan was loans.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】In order to actively implement General Secretary of CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping’s instruction of attaching importance to endogenous poverty alleviation, taking education-based poverty alleviation as a major task, the Association continued to deepen and make innovations to the education-based poverty alleviation mode. After achieving expected results in the cooperative training of teachers for poor areas jointly with Foreign Economic and Trade University, the Association and the Foreign Economic and Trade University jointly established the“University Education-based Poverty Alleviation Working Committee of China Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development”, striving to improve the educational level of impoverished regions through joint efforts with 100 universities in education-based poverty

alleviation.

【Postdoctoral poverty alleviation】In 2014, a total of 600 postdoctors and doctors in various fields from various universities and research institutes participated in the postdoctoral poverty alleviation, injecting new blood and vitality to China’s development-oriented poverty alleviation cause. On October 17, the first“10·17”Youth Forum was held by the Association’s Postdoctoral Poverty Alleviation Center. More than 100 postdoctors in various fields attended the event and exchanged views on poverty alleviation and China dream, poverty alleviation and the core values of Chinese socialism, poverty alleviation theory, theoretical research on poverty reduction, young volunteers for poverty alleviation and youth poverty alleviation action, etc. The successful holding of this forum was a kind of creative exploration on the Association’s active participation in poverty alleviation and development in the field of high-end talent development.

(Li Meng, China Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

Poverty Alleviation by China Social

Entrepreneur Foundation

【Overview】In 2014, through Volunteer Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation, Evergreen Volunteer Teaching and the Eaglet Plan, China Social Entrepreneur Foundation (hereinafter referred to as YouChange) implemented anti-poverty work in 75 poor counties of a dozen provinces (municipalities) nationwide and provided voluntary services for nearly 200,000 hours, benefiting nearly one million people. You Change explored more effective solutions to social problems, through social value investment and public fundraising platforms, supported frontline social organizations and mobilized more social resources to serve vulnerable groups. In 2014 5,000 people donated money for more than 30 public projects through the public fundraising platform“Passerby”of  You Change.

【Volunteer Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation】“Volunteer Action Plan for Poverty Alleviation”is the first innovation project developed and implemented by You Change. It will establish a cooperation mechanism of mutual trust, interaction and coordination between rich cities and poor rural areas, and set up a professional social public service system for integrated operation to promote rural poverty reduction and development. In 2014, with financial support of Matsushita Electric, Baoshang Bank, CreditEase, the Chinese Wikipedia and Agricultural Bank of China, we set up eight poverty-relief volunteer service stations in Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Chongqing and Hebei, provided financial support for the construction of nine volunteer stations, organized the workers and volunteers in the field of education, technology, culture and health care to carry out diversified voluntary service activities in impoverished regions, and mobilized more than 8,000 volunteers to provide services for more than 60,000 hours. Through these activities, we established the management systems for volunteer service stations’entry and withdrawal, resource mobilization and evaluation, volunteer mobilization and training in impoverished areas, and set up the public welfare poverty relief project libraries to meet the requirements of education, family planning and financial sectors, helping effectively address the relative poverty problem in poor areas. 

【Rural cooperatives support platform】October 17, 2014 is the 22nd International Day for the Eradication of Poverty and the first Poverty Alleviation Day of China. To boost the agricultural and industrial development in poverty-stricken areas, support the sustainable development of, farmers’cooperatives and help poor farmers develop production, under the guidance of LGOP, we initiated the program of Rural Cooperatives Support Platform jointly with Beijing Jinnonghe, Baoshang Bank, Blue Lion Group and Jingdong. Starting from supporting farmers’cooperatives, through establishing four professional voluntary service systems for rural cooperatives, covering agricultural technology, agricultural product brand marketing, E-business docking and social financing service, we strived to boost the sustained development of the agricultural industry and farmers’cooperatives in poor areas, thus help the poor develop production and achieve the development goal of“common prosperity through the rich’s support for the poor”. In 2014, the platform had held a total of three large-scale training and docking activities and provided professional volunteer services for more than 1,000 cooperatives, covering business management, mutual funds, industrial planning, project declaration and the supply-demand docking.

【Community Safe Drinking Water Project】In November 2014, YouChange and Huicong Water Purification Network jointly initiated the large-scale national public benefit poverty alleviation project of“Poverty Purification with Love”. Under the guidance of LGOP and the Central Committee of Communist Youth League, relying on water purification industries and enterprises, with the government resources of poor counties, this program will mobilize, in 3 years, nearly 100 water purification enterprises to provide water purification equipment and campus safe drinking water solutions for one million teachers and students of impoverished regions from 1184 schools of 592 key counties for poverty alleviation and development, and help hold trainings on campus security and health through YouChange’s volunteer service network, aiming to enhance the students’health status and public security consciousness while improving the quality of the drinking water of students in poor areas. Since the project implementation, YouChange carried out the field research on the watershed situation of five schools in two national poor counties—Lingqiu County of Shanxi Province and Luanping County of Hebei Province, and reached the cooperation intention with the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League on the establishment of the first domestic volunteer service station of“water purification with love”in Lingqiu County of Shanxi Province, a poor county for fixed-point poverty alleviation. At the same time, YouChange actively mobilized Huicong Water Purification Network and Haoze Water Purification to participate in the project implementation, aiming to provide water purification support for the schools in impoverished regions.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】Initiated by YouChange in 2010, based on the concept of neo-philanthropy advocated by YouChange, the“YouChange Evergreen Volunteer Teaching”Program is a blood-making volunteer service project for YouChange volunteer stations and cooperative organizations and units to mobilize and organize urban outstanding retired teachers to engage in education management and teaching level improvement in poor areas as volunteers. In such a way, it strived to make the schools in poor areas share the excellent educational resources with urban areas so as to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.

In 2014, in addition to the existing stations in Luanping of Hebei, Hohhot of Inner Mongolia, Nanning and Guilin of Guangxi, the Evergreen Volunteer Teaching Program newly set up eight stations respectively in Shicheng and Poyang of Jiangxi, Fuping and Foping of Shaanxi, Zhalaite Banner, Elunchun Banner and Molidawa Banner of Inner Mongolia as well as Pengshui of Sichuan Province, expanded the project are to cover 22 counties of eight provinces, namely Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Guangxi, Anhui, Hebei, Chongqing, Shaanxi and Jiangxi Province, and mobilized 3475 urban excellent retired teachers and frontline youth volunteer experts to carry out Everygreen Teaching Support Activities in 366 rural schools through direct teaching services. In addition, the new model of“pairing-off support for common development of urban and rural areas”was created; relying on the Internet, we upgraded the pattern to“O2O Teaching Support”mode, and provided volunteer service for a total of 295600 hours, benefiting 78700 teachers and 1.0942 million students.

The“Dual-teacher Education”program introduced the world’s popular concept of MOOC (massive open online course) and actively organized distance education using advanced network technology so that the teachers and students in rural and remote areas can share the excellent educational resources of urban areas. The project simulcast (or taped) the mathematics curriculum of GradeⅠandⅡof the Junior High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China to the classroom of pilot rural schools. As a result, under the guidance of the“urban and rural teachers”, the students made rapid progress in study and remarkable results were achieved in teaching. As an innovative educational poverty alleviation program, Double Teaching has a low cost, can be easily copied and plays a leading role in teacher development. It has gradually become a typical pattern for“Companion Teacher Training”and witnessed rapid development in 832 poor counties nationwide.

In the academic year of 2014-2015, on the basis of the original 13 key experimental schools, 26 schools were increased for the project implementation, mainly in Henan, Jiangxi and Yunnan. The Double Teaching One Hundred School Plan and the Primary School English Micro Project were respectively implemented in these schools, and an increasing number of schools are getting involved in the project implementation, covering 191 rural schools in 75 poor counties of 19 provinces nationwide.

【Post-disaster reconstruction】In 2014, YouChange achieved the following results in emergency response and post-disaster reconstruction: Accenture supported the YouChange livelihood project in Baoxing County, Ya’an City, held bamboo weaving skills trainings for the villagers and supported the villagers to develop sales outlets, not only retaining the traditional handicraft skills, but also increasing the income of the affected people; Biguiyuan supported the post-earthquake public facilities construction and community accompanying projects in Baoxing County and organized villagers’activity square construction and community accompanying activities in Luojia Village of Baoxing County; Taikang Life Insurance Co., Ltd. supported the infrastructure construction of affected primary schools in Ludian. Through recruiting working stations, the project of“Yuandongli Commonweal Organization Working Station in Disaster Area”established the matching storage, transport, application and issuance mechanisms, provided the software and hardware support program for the affected people within 12 weeks after the disaster to comprehensively improve the efficiency of disaster relief actions of public welfare organizations, and established the working station-based commonweal organization ecology. After the earthquake in Ludian and Jinggu of Yunnan Province, YouChange immediately launched the rescue response mechanism and transferred the working stations to the affected areas to provide support for the disaster-relief commonweal organizations. After Ludian Earthquake in Yunnan, through 36 hours of careful preparation, the Yuandongli Team established the first Yuandongli commonweal organization working station in the disaster area within 72 hours, forming the overall rescue layout with Longtoushan Town as the core, set up seven Yuandongli working stations in the disaster relief process, and provided 260 Yuandongli packages for the frontline volunteers to meet their equipment requirements and guarantee their personal safety in the process of disaster relief work. In addition,“Yuandongli”also distributed 2200 boxes of love packages for people in disaster areas. According to incomplete statistics, a total of 54 public organizations and more than 600 volunteers took part in the disaster-relief work in the working stations and provided assistance for 7,000 affected people.

【Eaglet Plan】Eaglet Plan is a youth volunteer service and learning program initiated by YouChange, aiming at discovering broad-minded young people with lofty aspirations, supporting them to work in rural areas of China, and through one-year practice in the grassroots communities, stimulating their sense of social responsibility and actions for them to ultimately bring valuable changes to society. From 2011 to 2014, the volunteer practice bases of Eaglet Plan were scattered in more than 20 regions of a dozen provinces, and the volunteers provided services for more than 100,000 hours and initiated and implemented more than 100 public projects for the poor areas.

【Social Value Investment Alliance】In 2014, YouChange initiated the establishment of the Social Value Investment Alliance jointly with a number of partners. Following the principle of“common development, results sharing and win-win situation”, the Alliance will become a social public service platform connecting the government, market and society for cross-border cooperation and collaborative innovation, and will help select projects and resources with social and commercial values. 36 cosponsors joined the alliance and jointly advanced the following activities: WeChat platform“Social Innovators”was officially put into operation, focusing on reporting social innovation enterprises, which issues two or three high-quality original articles every week. In Beijing, jointly with the“Golden Salon”, we held two offline exchange activities of“looking for Chinese partners”to promote the social value investment philosophy advocated by the Alliance and its coalition. Its magazine“Social Innovation Review”has signed a cooperation agreement with the“Stanford Social Innovation Review”(SSIR), a landmark periodical in the field of social innovation in the United States, and can translate the contents of SSIR into Chinese and print in the Alliance’s magazines. The Alliance cooperated with CASE Center of Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, the most influential institution in the study of social value investment in the United States, used for free the center’s unique cases and study results, and held international trainings and workshops jointly with the center. Meanwhile, the Alliance has established member relationship and close contacts with Rockefeller Foundation’s GIIN (the most influential investment network in the world) and AVPN (Asian Venture Philanthropy Network) to jointly design international exchange activities.

(China Social Entrepreneur Foundation)

Poverty Alleviation by Red Cross Society of China

【Overview】In 2014, Red Cross Society of China conscientiously implemented the overall deployments and requirements made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, gave full play to the linking role of CPC and the government in mass contacting in the humanitarian field and, based on its advantages, actively participated in the disaster relief and poverty alleviation work, aiming at improving the living conditions of the vulnerable groups in impoverished regions.

【Disaster emergency relief and post-disaster reconstruction】In 2014, Red Cross Society of China actively mobilized social forces to get involved in the disaster emergency relief and post-disaster reconstruction in Ludian, etc. After Ludian was hit by an earthquake, Red Cross Society of China actively organized the activities of relief fund raising, emergency response and post-disaster reconstruction, dispatched the rescue teams to support the disaster relief work, covering search and rescue, relief work, public health and water supply, and planned to invest 300 million yuan of social donations to support the infrastructure construction and housing reconstruction in the disaster areas, covering education, health care, etc.

【Red Cross Fraternity to Millions of Families】During the New Year’s Day and the Spring Festival of 2014, Red Cross Society of China continued to carry out the activity of“Red Cross Fraternity to Millions of Families”and raised materials worth 6 million yuan to deliver condolence to 30,000 needy families in Tibet, Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Since the implementation of the activity of“Red Cross Fraternity to Millions of Families”in 1999, Red Cross Society of China has raised a total of 76.68 million yuan of funds to deliver condolence to 383400 needy families.

【Social poverty alleviation】Red Cross Society of China actively mobilized social forces to participate in the poverty alleviation, organized the implementation of the“Red Cross Angel Program”,“Red Cross Fraternity Home”and“Red Cross Cultural Poverty Alleviation”and provided medical and educational support for the masses in impoverished areas. In 2014, Chinese Red Cross Foundation, which is affiliated to Red Cross Society of China, raised social capital of 325 million yuan, rescued 4488 poor children with leukemia and 1735 children with congenital heart disease, aplastic anemia, cleft lip and palate, etc., issued 17700 relief family packages to the affected families in Hetian Earthquake of Xinjiang, the flood in South China, the“Ramasun”Hurricane of Hainan and Guangxi and the Ludian Earthquake in Yunnan Province, set up 30 fraternity health stations and 11 brotherhood schools; The Red Cross Poverty Alleviation and Development Service Center, which is affiliated to Red Cross Society of China, implemented the Red Cross cultural poverty alleviation project and donated books and audio-visual products worth 3 million yuan to Tibet and Inner Mongolia.

【Fixed-point poverty alleviation】Red Cross Society of China was designated to provide counterpart support for Hunyuan County of Shanxi Province. In 2014, Red Cross Society of China continued to send outstanding cadres to support the fixed-point poverty alleviation work in Hunyuan County, used its own advantages to mobilize various resources to support the aid projects in the field of education, health care and industry development, issued 350,000 yuan to build one bridge for the local area; donated family packages worth 500,000 yuan to the local poor; donated 5,000 pairs of Nike sneakers worth 1.5 million yuan; donated SimMan teaching aids worth 130,000 yuan for the local Red Cross to hold rescue trainings; and actively mobilized local relevant departments to incorporate astragalus membranaceus into the medicinal herbs planting projects supported by the government.

(Red Cross Society of China)

Poverty Alleviation by China Women’s

Development Foundation

【Overview】In 2014, with strong support from all circles of society, China Women’s Development Foundation (CWDF) invested 531 million yuan of poverty relief funds and materials, and its public expenses in 2014 accounted for 125% of the annual revenue in 2013, benefiting nearly 12 million people.

【Water Cellar for Mothers】This project issued 850 million yuan of relief funds for 23 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in the western regions, built 139,000 water cellars for mothers and more than 1670 small water supply projects, benefiting 2.5 million people. In 2014, CWDF issued project funds of 31.045 million Yuan for the program of Water Cellar for Mothers, including 20.965 million yuan for the project construction, covering 44 water supply projects and, 2360 rainwater harvesting cellars, up 81.5%, benefiting more than 180,000 people. CWDF issued 9.88 million yuan of project funds for the implementation of the“Campus safe drinking water”projects in 93 schools, providing safe drinking water for more than 50,000 teachers and students.

【Health Express for Mothers】From 2003 to the end of 2014, a total of 2191 Health Express for Mothers were launched in 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) for various forms of medical services, benefiting more than 46 million people. In 2014, CWDF provided 168 Health Express for Mothers to 19 provinces (autonomous regions), benefiting 11.4 million people; issued relief funds of 105 million yuan to 10500 women suffering from“two cancers”, up 98.2%. With mobile medical vehicle as the carrier, while popularizing health knowledge, we regularly carried out health counseling and clinic services, free disease screening, free distribution of donated drugs and free pick-up of pregnant and lying-in women to give birth to children in hospital, gradually establishing a chain health service system combing training with propaganda and combing prevent with rescue, which had a radiation effect. Adhering to the philosophy that“right to life and health is the fundamental right of citizens”, we actively explored the service model integrating rescue, service, training, scientific research and knowledge promotion and extended it to the screening of two cancers for rural women and the fields related to women and children’s health such as the rescue of children with cleft lip and palate, playing a positive role in implementing the Outline for the Development of Chinese Women and Children, reducing the incidence of gynecological diseases and the maternal and infant mortality rates, and eliminating neonatal tetanus.

【Revolving funds for Mothers’Entrepreneurship】This program turned to adopt the optimized mode of“enterprise + base + farmers”rather than support individuals, and the aided projects have gradually formed an industrial chain integrating scientific research, training, production, processing and sales. To enhance the development and risk-resisting ability of the women in impoverished regions, through skills training and financial aid, this program strengthened free training for the women willing to launch their own businesses. As of the end of 2014, the project had been launched in more than 200 counties of 20 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, helping 300,000 poor mothers achieve entrepreneurship and employments, benefiting nearly three million poor women in surrounding areas. In 2014, the project issued circulation venture capital of 28.66 million yuan to help 13300 women get rich through production development.

【Postal Parcels for Mothers】To address the practical difficulties and urgent problems of poor mothers in living, we guided needy families to improve their sense of life quality, safety and health and experience the love and warmth of all circles of society. In 2012, sponsored by CWDF, supported by the postal green channel opened by China Post, we mobilized all circles of society to donate daily necessities of life to the poor mothers through the“one-for-one”model, and delivered the“Postal Parcels for Mothers”full of necessities of life to the poor mothers, aiming to help solve some of their practical difficulties in living. As of the end of 2014, a total of 536800 parcels were delivered to the poor mothers.

In 2014, we issued various kinds of 134900 parcels to the mothers in 2604 administrative villages, especially in the disaster relief after Ludian Earthquake, the“Postal Parcels for Mothers”played a unique role in assisting the women in need of urgent rescue. 30,000“Postal Parcels for Mothers”were delivered to the disaster areas immediately after the earthquake, known as timely rain in the disaster areas.

【Earthquake relief work】To support the post-disaster relief work after the Yutian Earthquake in Xinjiang, the“Ramasun”super typhoon in Hainan and the Ludian Earthquake in Yunnan, CWDF launched the emergency relief mechanism, established a routine disaster preparedness team, started the emergency relief and reconstruction work mechanism, and developed the“disaster preliminary assessment and response measures”as well as the emergency relief, transitional resettlement and post-disaster reconstruction procedures. At the same time, we strengthened the cooperation with local authorities and relevant public agencies, and sent two volunteer service teams of seven members for psychological assistance and child safety services in the disaster areas within 48 hours after the disaster; contacted all donation partners and the provincial, autonomous regional and municipal women’s federations and women and children’s foundations within 24 hours to talk about the rescue and unified action and timely carry out efficient rescue work. By establishing women and children rescue service stations and providing water purification equipment for the resettlements points, we strengthened the rescue and services for women and children in disaster areas, timely issued the relief funds and materials, strengthened information disclosure, and donated a total of 2.4 million yuan in kind and cash to the affected areas in“Ramasun”super typhoon of Hainan. As of the end of 2014, we received a total of 46372900 yuan of social donations for the affected areas in Ludian Earthquake.

(China Women’s Development Foundation)

Poverty Alleviation by China

Foundation for Disabled Persons

【Overview】China Foundation for Disabled Persons (hereinafter referred to as the“Foundation”) was founded in 1984. Over the past three decades, the Foundation vigorously advocated helping the poor and issued a total of 5.6 billion yuan in kind and cash to improve the rehabilitation, education and employment situation of the people with disabilities; actively created the public welfare brand of“Charity Project”and organized a number of poverty-relief public projects for the disabled, including the“Charity Carnival”,“Hearing Aid Action”,“Walking Aid Action”,“Blind People Aid Action”,“Student-aid Action”,“Poverty Relief Action”and“China Information Accessibility Forum”, etc.

In 2014, the Foundation raised a total of 354 million yuan in kind and cash and implemented more than 100 aid projects for the disabled. On October 17, 2014, at the National Teleconference on Social Poverty Alleviation, the Foundation was titled“Advanced Collective for National Social Poverty Alleviation”of 2014 as its No.2 Project Department implemented the“Charity Project——

(Love Wing) Action to Aid the Disabled”“Charity Project—Hearing Aid Action”“Leading to Tomorrow—Aid Program for Teenagers with Disabilities of the Bank of Communications”“Charity Project—(Warm) Clothing Donation Project”“Charity Carnival-Rural Poverty Alleviation Base Construction for the Disabled”, etc.

In 2014, with financial aid from the central government the Foundation implemented the“Hearing Aid Action”to help ten thousand hearing impaired persons, the“Disabled Teenagers Grant Program”to subsidize ten thousand disabled students and super teachers, the“warm”clothing donation project for ten thousand people with disabilities, the rural poverty relief base construction projects for people with disabilities to help 100,000 disabled people and their families to conduct planting and breeding for self-improvement and development, the health care product donation project of“improving your health status”to improve the nutrition of 30,000 people with disabilities, the“VitaMeal”Project to provide nutritious meals for 30,000 disabled children in poor areas, and the children’s wheelchair project to support 8,000 children with disabilities.

【Charity Project—Hearing Aid Action】The“Charity Project—Hearing Aid Action”got support of all circles of society and many enterprises at home and abroad, including the national grid, Formosa Plastics Group, Advanced Bionics LLC, Siemens, ReSound and Phonak. As of the end of 2014, the Foundation had provided assistance for 18,000 hearing-impaired children.

In 2014, the Foundation undertook the Hearing Aid Demonstration Project funded by the central government and got strong support from society, encouraging the implementation of hearing aid projects nationwide, benefiting 2305 hearing-impaired people.

【Charity Project—(Love Wing) Walking Aid Action】On May 16, 2014, General Secretary of CPC Central Committee Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang met with Yan Yuhong—a“National Model for Self-improvement”, the“Inverted Boy”and the donee of Love Wing Program, encouraging the implementation of this program. Since 2012, the project has got donations of a total of 2034 electrically powered wheelchairs. In 2014, the Love Wing Action Fund provided electrically powered wheelchairs for 760 people with disabilities, encouraging the implementation of relevant projects in Tianjin, Gansu, Qingdao, Henan and Jilin.

【Charity Carnival—Rural Poverty Relief Base Construction for People with Disabilities】The“Charity Carnival”is an activity to aid the disabled which was launched in 2003. Over the past 11 years, the program has raised a total of 293 million yuan and implemented a number of projects to help the disabled, including financial aid for special education schools, care and support for blind children, autistic and deaf children, children of migrant workers, Paralympians, children with disabilities in disaster-hit areas, etc., benefiting more than 300,000 people with disabilities. Through“teaching a man to fish”, this program helped the disabled“make blood”and is an effective means to protect the dignity of persons with disabilities and help them achieve self-reliance.

From 2011 to the end of 2014, the“Charity Carnival”raised a total of 18 million yuan of funds, provided financial aid for the construction of 55 rural poverty relief bases for the disabled in eight provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), provided production, management and technical trainings through supporting planting and breeding, and achieved an increase of 30% in the employment and poverty reduction of people with disabilities and the income growth of 30% of the poor disabled in each base, benefiting more than 100,000 poor people with disabilities.

【Leading to Tomorrow—Aid Program for Teenagers with Disabilities】In 2007, the 100th Anniversary of the Bank of Communications, we donated 100 million yuan for the implementation of the“Leading to Tomorrow—Aid Program for Teenagers with Disabilities”.

In 2014, the“Leading to Tomorrow—Aid Program for Teenagers with Disabilities”launched by the Bank of Communications donated 8.6 million yuan to subsidize more than 3,000 high school students and college freshmen from needy families of 25 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) for living and learning; provided financial aid for the training of 870 super teachers in five provinces organized by Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University, etc.; organized the“2014 Super Teacher Award Activities”and praised 200 super teachers.

In May 2014, at the fifth National Self-improvement Model-cum-assistive Awards Ceremony, the Project Team of the“Leading to Tomorrow—Aid Program for Teenagers with Disabilities”of Bank of Communications was titled“Advanced Collective for National Assistance for People with Disabilities”. In September, China Disabled Persons’Federation, Ministry of Education and the Bank of Communications jointly held the 2014“Special Education Teacher Award Ceremony of the Bank of Communications”.

【Charity Project—(Warm) Clothing Donation Project】Since 2009, China Foundation for Disabled Persons mobilized Shanghai La Chapelle Fashion Co., Ltd. and other apparel enterprises to implement the“Charity Project—(Warm) Clothing Donation Project”. In 2014, the garment enterprises in Shanghai, Hebei and Wuhan donated 380,000 new apparels worth 21 million yuan for 150,000 people with disabilities in 28 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities).

We made constant innovations to the implementation mode of the (Warm) Clothing Donation Project, improved the work approaches and continued to subsidize people with disabilities through the disabled persons’federations at all levels and the relevant foundations. Gansu, Wuhan and Changchun strived for support of local governments at all levels, sub-districts and communities, broadening the channels of subsidies. Henan and Jiangxi actively coordinated local special education teachers and university volunteer organizations to participate in the project implementation to develop the philosophy of aiding the disabled and enhance the social awareness of aiding the disabled. In recent years, this project has been launched in many communities, sub-districts and schools, benefiting an increasing number of people and making more healthy people’s social values reflected in the project implementation.

【Charity Project—health care product donation project of“improving your health status”of  Neptune Group】The Charity Project-health care product donation project of“improving your health status”of Neptune Group is an important part of the Foundation’s Action of Helping the Poor. In 2014, Neptune Group donated high-quality protein powder and health products worth 23.4 million yuan to the Foundation and helped 100,000 disabled persons and their families in more than 60 regions of 28 provinces improve the health status. In June 2014, China Foundation for Disabled Persons and Neptune Group jointly organized the Guang’an Children Rehabilitation Center Donation Project to celebrate the 110 Anniversary of Comrade Deng Xiaoping with practical action.

 (Zhu Xiaofeng, Sun Guoxin, Hao Jianguo, China Foundation for Disabled Persons)

Poverty Alleviation by China Children and Teenagers Fund

【Overview】Founded in July 1981, China Children and Teenagers’Foundation (CCTF) is the first non-profit charity organization in China dedicated to resolving youth welfare issues with the mission to care for, foster, and educate children and teenagers in China, especially in the minority and impoverished regions. Over the past 34 years, always adhering to its tenet, CCTF carefully created the child charity brands of“Spring Bud Project”,“Safe & Healthy Growth Project”and“Action to Eliminate Infants’Anemia”, launched the child charity projects of“Children’s Happy Home”and“Happiness for Ten Thousand Families·1,000-Day Health Action for Mothers and Children”, benefiting more than ten million poor children nationwide, playing a unique role as a social organization in boosting children’s comprehensive development and promoting China’s poverty alleviation and development work.

In 2014, based on the overall situation of the poverty alleviation work and the main task of ACWF, focusing on education-based poverty alleviation and medical services, to meet the needs of children’s growth and development, CCTF made innovations to the charity projects, actively designed charity activities, comprehensively built charity platforms, extensively mobilized all circles of society to participate in the poverty alleviation and development, and achieved new results in the anti-poverty work. In 2014, its public expenditure amounted to 368.2 million yuan and CCTF made a positive contribution to the development of children, social undertakings and poverty alleviation and development. The Project Management Department of CCTF was titled“Advanced Collective for Fixed-point Poverty Alleviation”by the LGOP.

【Spring Bud Project】2014 is the 25th anniversary of the“Spring Bud Project”. Over the past 25 years, the“Spring Bud Project”has raised a total of 1.458 billion yuan of social donations, supported the construction of 1154 Spring Bud Schools, subsidized a total of 2.517 million Spring Bud Girls, held practical skills trainings for adolescent girls for 523,000 person-times, and formulated one million sets of“Children Manuals”and“Patriarch Manuals”on how to raise children, especially girls’security awareness and ability. Targeting at minority areas in Xinjiang and Tibet, this project has achieved the full coverage of 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China.

In 2014, we set up four Spring Bud Schools, continued the construction of 71 Spring Bud Schools, subsidized 19200 Spring Bud students, held teaching trainings for 50 excellent Blue Sky Spring Bud teachers and held 34 trainings on girl’s safety. We entrusted the third party to make evaluation on the social benefits of the“Spring Bud Project”in the past 25 years. The evaluation report points out:“the implementation of the“Spring Bud Project”has boosted the development of girl education in impoverished areas, achieved remarkable results in helping girls return to campus and safeguarding girls’right to receive education, fueled the movement away from traditional son-preference views, and enhanced the quality and social status of women as well.

【Safe & Healthy Growth Project】To address the prominent problems in child growth, the“Safe and Healthy Growth Project”continued to promote the healthy growth of children and juveniles through propaganda, education, training and rescue. In 2014, we donated for the construction of 48 child safety experience classrooms and 33 health libraries, donated 230,000 children critical illness insurance for the orphans and poor children of 16 provinces and autonomous regions and completed 67 insurance claims; provided free medical services and disease screening services for 1,000 children with amblyopia, subsidized 302 children to receive free medical treatment, established one amblyopia training center and one amblyopia treatment center in Guizhou; subsidized 21 children to receive free cochlear surgery, and issued a total of 947,000 yuan of subsidies for the families of 102 children planted with artificial cochlea; provided free clinic services for 204 children with cerebral palsy, and subsidized 17 of them to receive free rehabilitation treatment in Beijing; donated 5430 ADVATEs worth 6 million yuan for 157 impoverished children with hemophilia; continued to provided learning and living supplies for 392 orphans and poor children suffered from Wenchuan Earthquake in Shuangliu Rehabilitation Community; held the child safety party themed on“safeguarding childhood-hope under the blue sky”, gave 20 public welfare lectures nationwide themed on“Growing with Our Children”, held four public trainings of positive psychology jointly with the Institute of Social Sciences at Tsinghua University, playing a positive role in creating a good social environment for caring for n child safety and children’s health care.

【Action to Eliminate Infants’Anemia】In 2014, CCTF earnestly implemented the project of Action to Eliminate Infants’Anemia supported by the central lottery funds to ensure the maximization of the social benefits of government funds. According to the relevant provisions on public tendering of government procurement, we successfully completed the nutrition package production enterprise tendering work. Under the premise of fully meeting the needs of 22 project counties in six provinces, we expanded the project coverage and increased 28 project counties; organized Project Expert Groups to give instructions on the project execution, nutrition package distribution, effect and social advocacy and carry out research and evaluation on the quality of production of relevant production enterprises. The research results show that the nutrition packages were timely delivered in the project areas, had good effects and its safety production meets relevant requirements of the state. Throughout the year, we issued a total of 1.1651 million nutrition packages, benefiting

139600 infants.

【Children’s Happy Home】In 2014, to further improve the care services system for children left behind, according to the actual needs of children left behind, we set up the Children’s Happy Home in rural communities jointly with ACWF to provide family love, family education guidance, security, psychological counseling, sports and entertainment services. In cooperation with electricity providers, we arranged unified facilities for the project to achieve a wide range of verities, good quality, low price and fast logistics. In addition to tables, chairs and bookshelves, each home is equipped with more than 3,000 books, 15 sets of audio and video products, one TV set, one DVD player, one digital piano, 2 computers and video calls equipment and 20 kinds of more than 100 sets of sports goods for children of different ages, and the supplies have been constantly increased for five consecutive years. In 2014, 33.1 million yuan was donated for the construction of 331 Children’s Happy Homes in 23 provinces and autonomous regions nationwide.

【Happiness for Ten Thousand Families·1000-Day Health Action for Mothers and Children】In 2014, to make the majority of newlyweds understand and master the scientific knowledge on marriage, pregnancy and incubation period so as to promote maternal and child health and family happiness, jointly with the ACWF, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, we launched the public project of“Happiness for Ten Thousand Families·1,000-Day Health Action for Mothers and Children”, organized relevant experts to spend six months on preparing three brochures—“Marriage”“Pregnancy”and“Incubation Period”, printed one million sets for the first batch and issued to the newlyweds through the marriage registration offices.

【Support for Xinjiang】To implement the spirit of the second central conference on the work in Xinjiang, we actively coordinated the Air Force, the Armed Police and Hengda Group to donate a total of 30 million yuan, 10 million yuan each for the implementation of the“Spring Bud Program”and“Children’s Happy Home”to improve the well-being of children in Xinjiang; organized the public welfare activity of“Constant Love Action—Domestic Affection of One Million Family”, through the women’s organizations of 31 provinces and autonomous regions nationwide, organized the sweater knitting activity of caring families and donated the sweaters to the minority families in Xinjiang, creating a platform for the mutual aid and friendship building between various ethnic families. As of the end of 2014, we issued a total of 41400 jin of woolen yarn and the first batch of 32,000 sweaters to the minority families in Xinjiang. We’ll continue this activity for three to five years, covering one million families in Xinjiang.

【China Children’s Charity Day】In 2014, to take advantage of important dates to enhance the influence of children’s charities, CCTF made July 28, when it was founded, the China Children’s Charity Day, and organizes various forms of public activities on this day every year to create a platform for all circles of society to show their love for children. In 2014, CCTF designed and carried out the public activity of“Safeguarding Children with Love—A Warmth-delivery Trip in Beautiful China in 2014”. The event last for four months and we launched a series of charity activities for children in Chongqing, Tibet, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guizhou and Anhui, including donations for children’s charity projects, visiting the families of poor children and research on child charity, delivering love and warmth to the poor children of local areas.

【Poverty-relief fund raising】In 2014, CCTF adopted various measures to raise poverty-relief funds to meet the needs of the new situation of social development and implemented the donation projects in strict accordance with the requirements of the donating units; took the initiative to maintain the existing donation teams, organized regular return visits and announced the donation information; carried out timely study and analysis of the characteristics of social donations, through naming funds and projects and special fund establishment, established a long-term cooperative relationship for charity; advocated the philosophy of“change charity”, made full use of crowd funding on the Internet, combined with the traditional media, new media and its own media, extensively carried out publicity on fund-raising to constantly expand the channels for charitable donation; on the basis of Tencent monthly donation, Alipay, TenPay and online banking, opened up the e-banking of China Merchants Bank, Baidu wallet and WeChat payment to raise money for charity.

In the process of fund raising, we strictly obeyed the relevant laws and regulations, the“Foundation Management Regulations”and the“China Children and Teenagers’Fund Statutes”, and in particular, did not participate in the donation activities organized by some overseas agencies with impure purposes to ensure the legal compliance of the fund-raising work.

(China Children and Teenagers Fund)

Poverty Alleviation by Western China Human

Resources Development Foundation

【Overview】Western China Human Resources Development Foundation is a national public foundation registered in the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved by the State Council. Founded on September 18, 2006, the Foundation is under the administration of China National School of Administration and aims at serving the western development, supporting the personnel trainings for and in western regions, supporting scientific research and policy advice study and providing personnel and intellectual support for the western development. Since inception, the Foundation has always adhered to the ideology of“root”,“growth”and“catalysis”and the mission of enabling talents become the engine and accelerator of the western development.

【Public Welfare Project of Accompanying Plan】The Accompanying Plan to care for“left-behind”teachers and children, sponsored by Foundation, China Development Bank and China National Tobacco Corporation with donations, is designed to help the“left-behind”teachers of primary schools in remote regions independently design and organize featured caring activities for“left-behind”children of the schools through financial aid, training, exchange and goods supply, aiming to enrich the extracurricular life of children left behind and help them grow up happily. From its implementation in September 2014 to the end of 2014, we raised a total of more than three million yuan, successively implemented the project in 120 schools in Gulin County of Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, Zhushan County and Zhuxi County in Shiyan City, Hubei Province, Ningdu County and Xingguo County of Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, supported more than 200“left-behind”teachers to carry out colorful caring activities for 40,000“left-behind”children.

【Yili Ark Project】Sponsored by the Foundation, funded by Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd. and organized by Shanghai Prospect Development Institute, the“Yili Ark Project”is a large-scale public project on campus safety and child safety and the first domestic large public project themed on campus safety. Since its inception, the program has raised 10.76 million yuan of funds, of which 3 million yuan was raised in 2014 for a special training course on campus safety, which was attended by 50 grassroots managers responsible for campus safety in ten counties of ten western provinces. After the“Training Week”, the education departments of the participating counties and districts immediately launched a series of activities such as the“Activity Month”and“Safety Year”according to the training contents to help 30 schools improve the campus security plan of“My Ark”, and strived to look for security solutions for local campus jointly with the western grassroots managers. At the same time, the project also designed many public welfare products including safety manuals, disaster prevention scarves, small yellow hats for safety, safe chess and safety notepad, etc., enriching the safety education resources of the western regions. The“Yili Ark Project”carried out the safety education activities based on local situations, effectively increased local students’knowledge and skills in disaster prevention, striving to create a happy environment and a“safe ark”for the children in western regions. The implementation of the“Yili Ark Project”was welcomed by the western education departments and the teachers and students of local area, reported by CCTV, China Education Television, Xinhua News Agency, China News Agency, Phoenix Net, China National Radio, Netease news and many other authoritative media.

【Public Project of Xingang Rainbow Library】To solve the extracurricular reading problem of the pupils in western poor mountainous regions, develop pupils’reading habit, expand their knowledge and improve their quality, with support of Hebei Xingang Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd, the Foundation initiated the public project of Xingang Rainbow Library, set up one library equipped with 1,000 books for each of the 50 primary schools in Yunnan and Ningxia. In 2014, to give full play to the role of the library and stimulate the children’s enthusiasm for reading, we organized the reading essay competitions in the schools equipped with libraries, which was attended by a total of 16500 students, finally selected 397 good articles and issued them the first, second, third prizes and the Award of Excellence. On this basis, the Foundation selected 110 representative articles from the award-winning works to form a book, which was equipped with not only the author’s photo and hand-drawn illustrations to the article, but also the inscription of the donation unit’s leader and the masterpieces of leaders of local education bureaus, school headmasters and teachers. The books were distributed to the students and displayed in the libraries. Through reading, writing experience and the essay contests, especially the collection of award-winning articles, the project significantly improved the self-confidence of the children in impoverished regions. Their names, articles, photos and paintings were printed in the book for the first time. It will have an immeasurable impact on their whole life. The project received high praise and recognition in local area and created a public project pattern that can be replicated-students’reading, writing reading experience, essay competitions, appraisal, collection of good articles to form a book, stimulating students’interest in learning and helping them form the reading habit.

【Public Welfare Program for Rural Teachers】The Foundation is committed to supporting the development of rural teachers in the western regions, launched the Public Welfare Program for Rural Teachers (hereinafter referred to as the Public Welfare Program) jointly with Guoxin Tendering Group Co., Ltd., through providing subsistence support, encouraged outstanding teachers in impoverished western regions to better devote into education and improve the teaching quality to cultivate talents for mountain areas and the state so as to boost the development of education industry in western regions. In 2014, the Foundation issued 1,000 yuan of subsidy to each of the 533 rural poor outstanding teachers of Yunnan Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Gansu Province. In September, the Foundation’s executive vice president Dai Guiying, Deputy Secretary-General Chen Zhichao and the President of Guoxin Tendering Group Co., Ltd. Yuan Bingyu headed a delegation to carry out field research on the implementation of the Public Welfare Program for Rural Teachers in Luquan Miao Autonomous County of Kunming City, Yunnan Province, delivered consolation money to the recipient teachers of the program, and donated for school supplies and warm clothing worth 50,000 yuan to the Electricity Hope Primary School.

(Yang Jingzhi, Project Department of

Western China Human Resources Development Foundation)

 

Poverty Alleviation by Chongqing Association

of Poverty Alleviation and Development

【Drinking water projects】Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development, China Association of Poverty Alleviation & Development and Singapore Lien Aid jointly launched the drinking water projects for human being and livestock in poor villages with an investment of 3.67 million yuan, covering 18 villages, namely Guihua Village in Baiqiao Town of Kai County, Shi’an Village in Lingjiao Town of Wuxi County, Yanling Village, Songtao Village and Nongqing Village of Wenfeng Town, Songhua Village of Chaoyang Town, Hongxian Village of Shengli Town, Shangqian Village of Xiapu Town, Zhongliang Village of Zhongliang Town, Boban Village and Wanyin Village in Xiangkou Town of Wulong County, Jiudong Village of Jiagao Town in Fengjie County, Beihu Village of Lixianghu Town in Nanchuan District, Zhongba Village and Qiaotouju of Taipingchang Town, Lianhua Village of Futian Town in Wushan County, Miaoping Village of Guandu Town and Jiguan Village of Baolong Town. 4.57 million yuan was issued on average for each village, and a total of 8.24 million yuan was put in the project implementation. Newly built three 800-cubic meter impounding reservoirs, six 500-cubic meter impounding reservoirs, seven 300-cubic meter impounding reservoirs, ten 200-cubic meter impounding reservoirs and four 100-cubic meter impounding reservoirs, newly built 152.07-cubic meter filter tanks, 162.00-cubic meter grit chambers and seven 10-square meter water pump houses, paved water diversion pipelines of 21.52 km, and installed five 7.5-kilowatt electrical machines, 10 sets of multi-stage centrifugal pumps and installed water meters for more than 8,000 households, addressing the drinking water problem of 19,000 people.

【“Sansongyijin”Activity】According to the Chongqing municipal government arrangements, President Zhang Jiawan of Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development headed Chongqing People’s Armed Police Corps Art Troupe members and medical teams to carry out this activity in Yuyanpu Village and Yundusi Village of Muliang Town, Nanchuan District: Delivering warmth, culture and health to the rural households, delivering condolence to 14 empty nesters, conducting a medical examination on 358 women, organizing cultural performances for 1200 villagers, and advocated the party’s guideline, principles and policies to the farmers, deeply encouraging the empty nesters and the villagers.

【Love activity for the disabled】Since 2012, we mobilized entrepreneur Tang Long to donate 600,000 yuan for 102 people with disabilities from rural needy families in Chongqing to receive limb correction surgery. In 2014, Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development was titled“Advanced Unit for Lover Activity for the Disabled by Chongqing Municipal Federation of the Disabled”.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】Carried out the activity of“Poverty Reduction in Mountainous Areas to Show Love for the Poor”. In commemoration of the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty, the volunteer service team of Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development organized the donation activities for Longtian Primary School of Chengkou County, Tangjia Village Primary School, Xiaba Primary School in Anping Town of Fengjie, Peiguan Primary School in Xumingsi Town of Fengdu, Fulin School of Dongxi Town in Qijiang, Tangjia Village Primary School, Dianjiang Peixing School and Tongliang Weixin Primary School, and donated money, books, bags and other school supplies worth 700 yuan for each poverty-stricken left behind child, donated 80 million yuan of medical assistance fund for needy families, delivered condolence to empty nesters, organized free health check for the empty nesters, and issued relief funds o more than 300,000 yuan.

【Entrepreneurship training】In cooperation with Chongqing Wanzhou Telecom School and Chongqing Lishi School, we held free trainings on edible mushroom cultivation, aquaculture, livestock breeding, rural tourism, greenhouse vegetable planting, vehicle inspection and maintenance for 1933 farmers aged 30-50 in 18 key poor areas, creating conditions for the farmers of poor villages to master a skill and shake off poverty.

【Charitable activity of caring for left-behind children】In March and May 2014, in cooperation with Chongqing Working Committee for the Care of the Next Generation and Chongqing Public Utilities Development Research Society, we mobilized 121 entrepreneurs to raise 2.19 million yuan and make 5,000 love packages for 5,000 left-behind children of 17 primary schools in ten districts (counties), including Banan District, Hechuan District, Tongnan District, Wanzhou Distirct, Fuling District, Qianjiang District, Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County and Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, delivering warmth to the children.

【Volunteer service in rural areas】Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development organized more than 70 members of the legal services branch of the Charitable Service Volunteers Team to carry out legal advocacy service activities in 16 poor villages of four districts (counties) for eight times, namely Wulong County, Nanchuan District, Tongnan District and Dianjiang County, benefiting more than 40,000 villagers; organized the medical service branch to carry out medical checkup for more than 4,000 villagers of eight districts including Yunyang, Fengjie, Wushan and Chengkou for five times, and made propagandas on health care and disease prevention, welcomed by the majority of village cadres.

【TV Competition of Village Cadres】Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development held the TV Competition of College Student Village Cadres themed on“Winning in the Countryside·Realizing China Dream”in Chongqing TV for 20 time and gave instructions and technical support for the entrepreneurship programs of 100 college student village cadres. 58 entrepreneurs analyzed the projects, issued the special treasure boxes to 28 candidates and 220,000 yuan in cash. As a result, 16 entrepreneurship programs of college student village cadres got the support of the Municipal Poverty Alleviation Office. On October 15, at the Studio Hall of Chongqing Television, we organized the Evening Party the commemoration of the 21st International Day for the Eradication of Poverty and approved the construction of the college student village cadre business incubators, arousing wide concern of society.

【Poverty Alleviation Day Activities】On October 17, 2014, the first Poverty Alleviation Day of China, Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development launched the activity of selecting the Top Ten Responsible Entrepreneurs, Top Ten Star Enterprises for Poverty Alleviation and Top Ten Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Projects of Chongqing, making advocacy of the poverty alleviation deeds of relevant enterprises, typical characters and poverty alleviation projects, promoting the public participation in poverty alleviation.

【Venture Projects of Village Cadres】To advance the implementation of 33 village cadre venture projects (including five breeding projects, 27 planting projects and one rural tourism project) in Chongqing supported by Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development and help the projects achieve practical effects, in the project supervision and monitoring, Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development adopted five approaches (village cadres’leveraging, rural promotion, corporate demonstration, policy support and association’s leadership) to support 32,000 people from 8,000 households to develop industry, and lifted 3500 poor household out of poverty.

【Rain Plan】Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development implemented the Rain Plan, rescued 4338 rural needy college students of 32 districts (counties) with a total of 13.238 million yuan, 3,000 yuan per person, including 3779 registered poor students and 559 non-registered poor students.

【Advanced characters in poverty alleviation】Based on the functions of the Association, President Zhang Jiawan of Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development actively explored ways and means for social groups to participate in poverty alleviation under the new situation and achieved remarkable results in raising social funds, boosting poverty-relief student-aid activities, providing subsidies for patents with serious illness, addressing difficulties and problems of needy families, mobilizing private enterprises to get involved in industry poverty alleviation project development and supporting college student village cadres’business launching. From 2010 to 2014, the Association successively raised nearly 60 million yuan of funds to rescue more than 2,000 needy students and more than 300 families with ill or disabled members; launched a series of charitable activities themed on“Winning in the Countryside·Reaching China Dream”with supporting the entrepreneurship and growth of college student village cadres of impoverished regions as the main content; organized the“Charity in Chongqing·Love Tour—Poverty Alleviation Activity of Caring for Left-behind Children”; introduced 350 million yuan of business investment to create two demonstration villages for rural tourism-based poverty alleviation; founded the Poverty Alleviation and Development Equity Investment Fund of“Winning in the Countryside”, and made an important contribution to the economic and social development of poor areas and the income growth of poor people in Chongqing, affectionately known as“Poverty Alleviation General”in local area.

(Chongqing Association of Poverty Alleviation and Development)

Poverty Alleviation by Heren Charity Foundation

【Overview】Initiated by Cao Dewang, Board Chairman of Fuyao Group and Chief Charitarian in China, under the management of Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council, registered in the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Heren Philanthropic Foundation (HPF) is a private charitable foundation founded in Beijing on May 5, 2011. Mr. Cao Dewang and his wife Miss Chen Fengying donated 300 million shares of stock of Fuyao Glass to Heren Philanthropic Foundation. The founding of HPF——the first domestic private charitable foundation set up with financial assets was a kind of exploration of the transformation of China’s traditional charity model to a modern model of philanthropy. It is named Heren Philanthropic Foundation because Mr. Cao Dewang’s father is Cao Heren, indicating that the highest level of ethics is like water and great virtue can carry all the things in the world. Heren Philanthropic Foundation is the first and the only non-public charitable foundation initiated with financial assets (stock) with approval of the State Council in China and the first and the only non-public charitable foundation in China with department and bureau leaders of the Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Civil Affairs, the State Administration of Taxation, the State Council Overseas Chinese Affairs Office as its directors and supervisors.

【Investment of poverty-relief funds】Heren Philanthropic Foundation has undertaken a total of 58 charity projects with a total public welfare spending of nearly 450 million yuan, including 38 poverty alleviation projects with investment of 313.87 million yuan, accounting for 70% of the total public welfare spending. The donations were delivered to 29 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) at home including Beijing, Fujian, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet as well as a foreign country—Nepal.

【Education-based poverty alleviation】To improve the educational environment in poor areas and help students from poor families to complete their schooling, Heren Philanthropic Foundation successively provided financial aid for 16 projects including the“Nesting Action”, the“Heren·Spring Bud Dream Action”“Cao Dewang Grants”, etc., donated 175.8 million yuan for the improvement of the accommodation conditions of boarding pupils, teaching building construction and needy student aid in poor areas, increasing opportunities for some disadvantaged groups to receive education. In Chongqing, the“Heren·Spring Bud Dream Action”of Chongqing Women and Children Foundation funded by Heren Philanthropic Foundation has subsidized a total of 2375 needy students, including 675 college students (400 yuan per person) and 1700 high school students (3,000 yuan per person).

【Infrastructure construction】In order to improve the living conditions of the masses in underdeveloped areas, Heren Philanthropic Foundation provided financial aid for 14 projects, including the“Love Project of Overseas Chinese”, the“Housing Reconstruction for Poor Returned Overseas Chinese”and the“Charity for Farmers”and donated 108.97 million yuan to support the construction of homes for the elderly and orphans, the assistance for the elderly and orphans, the renovation of dilapidated houses for people with disabilities and the improvement of living conditions of the masses in Tibetan areas. In Yanbian Prefecture of Jilin Province, Heren Philanthropic Foundation donated 4.18 million yuan to reconstruct or newly build houses for 110 returned overseas Chinese, covering 56% of the poor returned overseas Chinese in Yanbian Prefecture. In addition, Heren Philanthropic Foundation made constant explorations of innovations and reform to the public funding models, attempted to strive for government and corporate investment through the inputs of the public funds so as to amplify the effect of charitable resources and boost the sustainable development of the local area.

【Poverty alleviation in the field of health care】To improve the medical conditions of poor areas and make more disadvantaged groups suffering from illness get effective medical treatment, Heren Philanthropic Foundation implemented 8 various medical aid projects in various sizes and donated 29.095 million yuan for the projects. Meanwhile, it provided medical funds for certain poor patients with major illness to help them get timely treatment.

【Construction of old revolutionary base areas】In Jiangxi, Heren Philanthropic Foundation donated 9 million yuan to the Jiangxi Old Revolutionary Base Area Love Foundation, mainly supporting the free surgery for 18-60-year-old patients with congenital and rheumatic heart disease from urban and rural households receiving subsistence allowance, expenditure-poverty low-income families and some entitled groups’families. The project has been highly valued and supported by the Jiangxi Provincial Government, Provincial Department of Finance and Provincial Department of Civil Affairs, covering 200 patients with congenital and rheumatic heart disease. The hospital costs of relevant patients were composed of three parts: the basic medical insurance, government medical assistance and the grants of Heren Philanthropic Foundation (4∶3∶3).

【Culture development-based poverty alleviation】In Sichuan, Heren Philanthropic Foundation donated 10 million yuan to the“Love Project of Overseas Chinese-the Program to Light the New Life of Tibetan Herders”, aiming at improving the material and cultural life of the Tibetan people in Tibetan areas of Sichuan and distributing solar portable satellite TV sets to the herdsmen of the Tibetan areas in Aba and Ganzi of Sichuan Province.

 (Heren Philanthropic Foundation)

Ⅶ. International Cooperation

Overview

International exchange and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction is an important part of the poverty alleviation and development path with Chinese characteristics and an important component of the overall situation of China’s opening up. The Chinese government attaches great importance to international exchange and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction. In 2014, in particular, it issued a number of result-oriented poverty reduction initiatives with rich contents and extensive influence, such as the“Program for China and the African Union to Strengthen China-Africa Cooperation in Poverty Reduction”and the“East Asia Cooperation Initiative on Poverty Reduction”, and incorporated poverty reduction cooperation into the overall planning on the construction of“One Belt, One Road”. The international exchanges and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction entered into a new stage.

In 2014, the international exchanges and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction mainly targeted at three aspects: First, continue to learn from advanced international poverty reduction theory and practice and constantly enrich and improve domestic poverty alleviation and development concepts and mechanisms to promote key-problem tackling for poverty reduction and speed up the construction of a comprehensive well-off society. Second, further publicize China’s achievements and experience in poverty alleviation and spread our poverty alleviation ideas and culture to enhance the international influence of China’s poverty alleviation and development and enhance China’s soft power; Third, promote the exchanges and interactions between China and the international community in the field of poverty reduction, strengthen the experience-sharing in the field of poverty reduction, and constantly promote the knowledge and experience sharing between developing countries in the field of poverty reduction.

International Exchanges in the Field of Poverty Reduction

【Visits】From August 3 to 10, 2014, Mr. Liu Yongfu, Director General of State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) headed a delegation to attend the Eighth“China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction”in Myanmar and paid a working visit to Laos and Myanmar. Prime Minister of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Thongsing Thammavong met with the delegation. Thongsing welcomed and highly valued Liu Yongfu’s visit. He said that this visit will make a significant contribution to the construction of a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Laos and especially to the cooperation in resolving the problem of poverty mentioned in the Laos-China Economic Cooperation Agreement. Liu Yongfu expressed gratitude to Prime Minister Thongsing and briefly introduced China’s poverty situation and the good results of the visit. During the visit, Liu Yongfu and Bounheuang Douangphachanh, Chairman of the Lao National Committee for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication held a working meeting. The two sides introduced the current situation of poverty reduction in their respective countries and reached a consensus on the cooperation in the field of poverty reduction. International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC) and the Lao National Committee for Rural Development and Poverty Eradication signed a memorandum of understanding on cooperation in poverty reduction. The delegation also visited the pilot villages of the“Sanjian”project (making province a strategic unit, making county a comprehensive competition unit and making village a development unit according to the Rural Development and Poverty Eradication Program (2011-2015) of Laos) in Santong County of Vientiane City and the advanced demonstration village-Phanom Luang Village of Luang Prabang to understand the poverty reduction situation of local area.

On August 7, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu attended and addressed the opening ceremony of the Eighth“China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction”in Naypyidaw, the capital of Myanmar, held talks with U Ohn Myint, Minister of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development of Myanmar(MLFRD) on further strengthening the cooperation between the two countries in the field of poverty reduction and reached a consensus on further cooperation. Liu Yongfu also went to Mandalay and carried out field research on how China National Petroleum Corporation Southeast Asia Pipeline Co., Ltd fulfilled its social responsibility, visited a primary school funded by the company in local area and donated bags to the students.

From July 17 to 23, 2014, a delegation headed by Deputy Director General of LGOP Liu Yongfu visited Poland and Romania to promote the exchange and cooperation between LGOP and the Central and Eastern European countries in the field of poverty reduction. During the visit to Romania, the delegation held talks with the Ministry of Development and Public Administration and the Ministry of Labor Family and Social Security of Romania, and the two sides reached a consensus on strengthening personnel exchanges, policy advice, experience sharing and seminar holding. In addition, the delegation visited the overseas public welfare projects of Huawei Technology Co., Ltd. in Romania. During the visit to Poland, the delegation held talks with Mr. IrEnEusz MaklEs, vice chairman of the board of directors of Poland Home and discussed about the participation of enterprises and non-government organizations in poverty reduction.

The relevant government departments and agencies of the two countries expressed appreciation for China’s achievements in poverty reduction, hoping to share the experience in poverty reduction and development through exchanges. This visit is a kind of positive exploration of the exchange and cooperation in poverty reduction under the framework of“One Belt, One Road”, further improving the work pattern of LGOP in international exchange in the field of poverty reduction.

【Reception activities】On January 8, 2014, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu met with the ADB delegation headed by President Nakao Takehiko. Liu Yongfu briefly described China’s achievements in poverty alleviation and development and the current main tasks, focusing on introducing the relevant policies developed by the Chinese government to steadily advance China’s rural poverty alleviation and development through mechanism innovation. Liu Yongfu said that China has accumulated rich experience in poverty reduction and would like to share the experience with the vast developing countries. At the same time, Liu expressed his appreciation for ADB’s efforts in the field of poverty reduction and development and hoped that ADB would continue to care, support and help China’s poverty alleviation and development. Nakao Takehiko fully affirmed China’s achievements in poverty reduction and said ADB would continue to strengthen the exchanges and cooperation with China in the area of poverty reduction to jointly promote the development of China’s poverty reduction and the spread of China’s experience in poverty reduction.

On February 24, 2014, LGOP Deputy Director General Mr. Zheng Wenkai met with Danish Minister for Trade and Development Cooperation, Mr. Mogens Jensen. The two sides paid tribute to the Children-Oriented Poverty Alleviation Programme funded by Bestseller Fund, and vowed to work together to involve more domestic and international enterprises in China’s poverty alleviation and development cause. Mr. Mogens Jensen hoped the two sides to further strengthen the exchange, play their respective advantages and carry out poverty reduction exchanges and cooperation in Africa. Mr. Zheng Wenkai said we’ll give full play to the role of IPRCC to actively promote the cooperation.

On April 24, 2014, witnessed by Chinese President Xi Jinping and Danish Queen Margrethe Ⅱ, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu signed the“Memorandum of Understanding on Exchanges and Cooperation between the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development of PRC and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Denmark in Poverty Reduction”with Danish Foreign Minister Martin Lidegaard. The two sides decided to conduct cooperation in experience sharing, capacity building and co-research in the field of poverty reduction.

On July 7, 2014, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu met with the new United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative Alan Claude Doss. Liu Yongfu briefly reviewed the history of cooperation between the two sides, affirmed the effectiveness of cooperation, pointed out that poverty alleviation and development in China has entered a critical period of key problem-tackling for poverty reduction, and hoped the UNDP will continue to play its strengths and characteristics to further support China’s cause of poverty alleviation and development. Meanwhile, China is also willing to, with support of the UNDP, continue to share experience in poverty reduction with other developing countries to accelerate the process of global poverty reduction. Alan Claude Doss said that China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction and has a wealth of experience in poverty reduction, and UNDP is willing to strengthen cooperation with LGOP and support China’s cause of poverty alleviation and development and the international exchanges and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction.

On October 29, 2014, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu met with the South African delegation headed by Gugile Ernest Nkwinti, Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform. Liu Yongfu expressed his gratitude to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform of South Africa for its contributions to and support for the bilateral cooperation in the field of poverty reduction, and made a brief introduction to China’s achievements and main practices in the field of rural poverty alleviation and development as well as the tasks in the new stage. Liu Yongfu said that China and South Africa are both developing countries, facing the common historical task of economic development and people’s livelihood improvement. China wished to keep exchanges with South Africa in the high-level dialogue, capacity building and experience sharing to gradually promote and deepen the bilateral cooperation in rural development and poverty reduction.

Deputy Director General of LGOP Zheng Wenkai held a work meeting with the South African delegation, introduced China’s mechanism innovation and key work for poverty alleviation and development, stressed incorporating anti-poverty work into the strategy for building a comprehensive well-off society and making overall deployments on anti-poverty work in the process of accelerating urbanization, industrialization, informationization and agricultural modernization, and hoped the two sides’exchanges and cooperation in poverty reduction and development will help the people of the two countries create a more beautiful life.

Gugile Ernest Nkwinti said that poverty is a common problem faced by China and South Africa and the South African government is making unremitting efforts to further promote poverty reduction and development, youth employment and social equity. China has a lot of good experience in the field of poverty reduction and rural development and South Africa hopes to make cooperation with China in the field of poverty reduction to jointly contribute to global poverty reduction.

On November 24, 2014, Deputy Director General of LGOP Zheng Wenkai met with a Tanzanian delegation headed by Tanzanian Prime Minister’s Office Secretary-General Florence Toluca. Zheng Wenkai welcomed the delegation, reviewed the two sides’successful cooperation over the years, and introduced China’s poverty situation, poverty alleviation and development situation and main tasks for poverty reduction to the delegation. Zheng pointed out that the China-Tanzania Learning Center for Village Poverty Reduction implemented by IPRCC in Moro Montenegro Region of Tanzania played a demonstration role in promoting China-Africa cooperation in poverty reduction. China and Tanzania are both facing the important tasks of economic development and livelihood improvement with similar situations of poverty and may further strengthen the exchange and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction and development and learn from each other to lift the masses of their respective countries out of poverty and help them create a more beautiful life.

Florence Toluca said that philosophy and approach innovation for poverty alleviation work is the main problem facing Tanzania; China has made remarkable achievements in poverty reduction over the past few decades and China’s experience in poverty alleviation has important reference significance to Tanzania. He hopes that through this visit, they’ll have a better understanding of China’s reform and opening up and poverty alleviation and carry out a more in-depth and extensive study of China’s experience in poverty reduction. Also, Florence Toluca expressed his gratitude to the Chinese government for its decision to make cooperation with Tanzania in the field of poverty reduction. The China-Tanzania Learning Center for Village Poverty Reduction is under smooth construction. Florence Toluca hopes that IPRCC and the Planning Commission of Tanzanian President Office will conduct further cooperation and make joint efforts to make the Center a demonstration project in Africa.

On December 3, 2014, LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu met with a delegation headed by Hector Rodriguez, Vice Chairman of Social Affairs Department of Venezuelan Council of Ministers and Minister of Education.

Liu Yongfu described the main course, achievements, basic experience and practices of China’s rural poverty alleviation and development to the delegation, mainly introducing the new philosophies, new ideas and new initiatives of the new Chinese government for poverty alleviation and development work, especially three key tasks-precise poverty alleviation, village-stationed work team and social poverty alleviation. Liu Yongfu hoped that taking this meeting as a new starting point, the two sides will further strengthen exchanges and cooperation in poverty reduction and learn from each other the experience in the field of poverty reduction.

Hector Rodriguez expressed his gratitude to the Chinese government for its warm reception and said that Venezuela should learn from China’s successful experience in poverty reduction and hoped that the two sides will develop a specific cooperation plan and the Chinese government will introduce China’s practices in poverty reduction and social development. Hector Rodriguez said he hoped the Chinese delegation will visit Venezuelaat the appropriate time to further promote the exchange and cooperation between the two sides in poverty reduction and introduce China’s achievements in poverty reduction.

International Conferences and Major Events

【First 10·17 Forum of China】On October 16th, the 1st“10·17 Forum”with theme on“Shared Prosperity Through Poverty Alleviation”was held in Beijing, which is an important part of Poverty Reduction Day series events in China jointly initiated by Peking University, Tsinghua University, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Sociology of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Research Department of the Rural Economy of the Development Research Center of the State Council, China Poverty Alleviation and Development Center (CPADC) and International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC). Nearly 300 participants from government departments, academic institutions, community organizations, enterprises, media, international organizations and relevant representative from foreign agencies in China attended the forum. The event consists of four parts, i.e. the opening ceremony, the main forum, four parallel forums and results announcement. At the opening ceremony, Vice President and Standing Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University Professor Zhang Yan addressed the ceremony on behalf of Party Secretary of Peking University Zhu Shanlu, and the United Nations Resident Coordinator Mr. Alan Claude Doss read a congratulatory letter from UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu, Deputy Secretary-General of the National Development and Reform Commission Fan Hengshan, Vice Minister of Education Lu Xin, Party Committee Member and Assistant to the Minister of Finance Yu Weiping, Vice Minister of Transport Weng Mengyong, Vice Minister of Water Resources Jiao Yong, Vice Director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission Wang Pei’an, Assistant Governor of People’s Bank of China Guo Qingping, Deputy Director General of State Council Development Research Center Ren Hanjun, Party Committee Member and Secretary of the Secretariat of the All-China Women’s Federation Tan Lin, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Lu Dadao and Professor Hu Angang of Tsinghua University respectively delivered a speech at the forum.

 【The Eighth China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction】The 8th ASEAN-China Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction was successfully held in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from August 7 to August 9, 2014. Themed“Deepening ASEAN-China Regional Cooperation on Poverty Reduction”, the forum analyzed the new challenges faced by China and ASEAN countries in poverty reduction and inclusive development, shared the successful experience of the relevant countries in poverty alleviation, explored new ways, new approaches and new modes for deepening regional cooperation in poverty reduction, promoting the establishment of a closer partnership for poverty reduction between poverty alleviation government departments, social groups and private enterprises and lift more people out of poverty as soon as possible. A total of more than 130 people attended the event, including government officials and scholars from China and ten ASEAN countries as well as the representatives of the United Nations Development Programme and Asian Development Bank. LGOP Director-general Liu Yongfu, Minister Ohn Myint of MLFRD, and Deputy Secretary-General of the ASEAN Secretariat AliciadEla Rosa Bala attended the opening ceremony and delivered welcoming remarks. Ms. Helen Clark, Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), sent a video speech to the Forum.

In his speech, Liu Yongfu pointed out: It is the common concern of China and ASEAN countries to eliminate poverty and achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals. Liu Yongfu stressed that the new government of China attaches great importance to poverty reduction and China’s poverty reduction and development is currently entering a two wheel-driven new stage integrating regional development and accurate poverty alleviation, focusing on village and household poverty reduction characterized by mutually reinforcing. In the near future, we’ll further deepen the reform, make innovations in four aspects, promote the implementation of ten key tasks and properly handle four basic relations in poverty reduction, including the relationship between endogenous growth and external assistance. Liu Yongfu highly praised the ASEAN countries on their efforts in and contribution to poverty eradication, and noted that the Forum is an ideal platform for both China and ASEAN countries to share and learn from each other their experiences in poverty reduction.

As an important part of the Action Plan to Implement the Joint Declaration on the ASEAN-China Strategic Partnership for Peace and Prosperity (2011-2015), this forum was sponsored by LGOP and the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development of China (LGOP) and the Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural Development of Myanmar (MLFRD), organized by the International Poverty Reduction Center of China (IPRCC) and the Rural Development Division of MLFRD, and supported by the UNDP, ASEAN Secretariat, Poverty Alleviation Office of Guangxi Province, China Center for International Economic and Technical Exchanges, ASEAN-China Center and the Eco Dev and Myanmar Consortium of Rural Development.

【The Fifth China-Africa Poverty Reduction and Development Annual Conference】From November 18 to 19,　2014, the Fifth China-Africa Poverty Reduction and Development Annual Conference was held in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia jointly by the African Union Commission, the Ministry of Industry of Ethiopia, the International Poverty Reduction Centre in China and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). H.E. Dr. Mulatu Teshome, the President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, and Si Shujie, a party member of LGOP attended and addressed the event.

Mulatu Teshome pointed out in his speech that China and Africa have a long history of friendship and carried out long-term cooperation. China-Africa cooperation is a model of cooperation among developing countries. China’s rapid industrialization is a miracle, admired by the world. Mulatu proposed to learn from China, especially China’s experience in industrialization, and strive to realize dream of Africa with China’s support and assistance. Africa must achieve Vision 2063 and create a peaceful and prosperous Africa. We have confidence in China-Africa cooperation, as we have common interests, the result will satisfy all parties concerned.

Si Shujie pointed out that industrialization and regional economic development is an important engine for economic growth, social development and poverty eradication, and the only way for developing countries to achieve economic take-off. China’s remarkable achievements made in the field of poverty reduction are resulted from China’s rapid industrialization and regional economic growth to a large extent. The new government has been attaching great importance to poverty reduction since inception, clearly proposed to“continue to declare war to poverty and prevent intergenerational transmission of poverty”, and made October 17 the Poverty Alleviation Day. While advancing the regional economic development, we must implement the accurate poverty alleviation strategy. The Chinese side will further strengthen its exchange and cooperation with Africa in the field of poverty reduction and share experience and lessons with Africa to achieve the MDGs and accelerate the post-2015 development process.

The participants mainly talked about“Africa’s industrial development experience, challenges and opportunities”“reflections of China’s industrial development lessons”“Opportunities and Challenges for regional, sub-regional and national-level cooperation between China and Africa, follow-up actions of this meeting”, etc. Professor Justin Yifu Lin, Vice-Chairman of the  All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce attended the meeting and delivered a keynote speech. More than 150 representatives from African countries, international organizations and academic institutions attended the event. After the meeting, the participants paid a visit to the Eastern Industrial Park.

【Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization】On July 11, 2014, the“Sub-forum on Ecological Civilization and Anti-poverty”of Guiyang International Forum on Ecological Civilization (2014) was held jointly by IPRCC, Institute of Sociology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Academy of Social Sciences, Guizhou University for Nationalities, Guizhou Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Development Office and Guizhou University of Finance and Economics. LGOP Director General Liu Yongfu attended and addressed the event. United Nations Resident Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative Alan Claude Doss and Chief Representative of ADB in China Hamid L. Sharif respectively addressed the sub-forum. The sub-forum adopted the“Ecological Civilization and Guiyang Consensus on Anti-poverty Work”. More than 100 representatives from the government departments, international organizations, research institutes and social organizations at home and abroad were present at the event.

【The Second ASEAN+3 Village Leaders Exchange Program】On May 12, 2014, under the guidance of LGOP, the Second“ASEAN+3 Village Leaders Exchange Program”, organized by IPRCC and Sichuan Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau and supported by the ASEAN Secretariat, was kicked off in Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

Over 60 people attended the opening ceremony, including government officials, grassroots village leaders, scholars and experts as well as representatives from ASEAN Secretariat and China’s ASEAN Center. This program is one of the activities to implement Prime Minister Li Keqiang’s proposal at last year’s meeting, and will become an annual mechanism. The one-week exchange activity is intended to acquaint representatives from ASEAN countries with China’s rural socioeconomic development status, particularly the useful practical experience of our village leaders in actual work, and to enhance the capacity building of their ASEAN counterparts through discussions, exchanges, and in-depth investigations into rural areas and communities. During the program, all the participants carried out a field trip to Yilong County of Sichuan Province to inspect the project sites, such as Longshenya Seniors’Home in Xinzheng Town, Yilong County TCM Hospital, and lived and held talks with the farmers in Leijiaba Village of Saijin Town.

【Overseas training】Overseas training is an important part of LGOP’s international exchange and cooperation in the field of poverty reduction and an important initiative to implement the strategy of poverty relief personnel training. In 2014, LGOP sent two overseas training groups of 30 members to hold the trainings on“social and economic transformation and poverty alleviation system construction”and“international project management”respectively in South Africa and Israel.

Research on International Poverty Reduction

【The 6th South-South Workshop on Rural Development and Poverty Reduction sponsored by China and IFAD】On August 4, 2014, the 6th China-Mozambique-IFAD South-South Cooperation Workshop, co-hosted by China’s Ministry of Finance and IFAD, organized by IPRCC, and co-organized by the Ministry of Planning and Development of Mozambique, had its opening in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. Chinese Vice Minister of Finance Wang Baoan, IFAD Associate Vice President John McIntire and Mozambique’s Minister of Planning and Development Aiuba Cuereneia addressed the opening ceremony.

The workshop aimed at promoting the cooperation between China and other developing countries in agricultural development and poverty reduction through the platform of IFAD. More than 70 people, including delegates from 13 African countries (Mozambique, Burundi, Ethiopia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia), IFAD and other international institutions were invited to attend the event.

The 5-day workshop consists of two parts: thematic discussion and field trip. Highlighting“sharing experience and deepening cooperation”, the thematic discussion will focus on topics such as“the evolution and performance of China’s agriculture policy”“rural management system reform and agricultural modernization”, and“the role of agricultural infrastructure construction and agricultural technology popularization in promoting agricultural modernization”to comprehensively explore all kinds ways and innovative modes of agricultural development and poverty reduction. The participants went on a field trip to China—Mozambique Agricultural Technology Demonstration Center and the farm of China Wanbao Grains & Oils Co., Ltd.

【International Policy Workshop on the“Linkage between Urban and Rural Poverty”】On September 2, 2014, the International Policy Workshop on the“Linkage between Urban and Rural Poverty”jointly organized by IPRCC and ADB was held in Hangzhou of Zhejiang. Nearly 100 government officials, experts and scholars from ten Asian countries and relevant international development agencies attended the event and talked about the linkage between urban and rural poverty and how to develop people-centered livable towns. LGOP Deputy Director General Hong Tianyun, Senior Advisor of EARD of ADB Edgar Cua and Deputy Director of Zhejiang Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office Ren Shaofeng attended and addressed the opening ceremony.

Hong Tianyun pointed out that with the rapid development of urbanization, China faces new challenges for poverty alleviation and needs to develop new ideas and address the problems in four aspects: First, industrial development and employment; second, urban space layout optimization and the improvement of basic public service system; third, properly deal with the relationship between urban economic development, resource utilization and environmental carrying capacity; fourth, promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. The fundamental purpose of urbanization is to create a better life for people.

Edgar Cua said that the current development of many Asian countries focuses on the expansion of big cities and population flow between urban and rural areas, paying little attention to other options. For example, people can live in the countryside but work in small towns, or some industrial projects can be transferred to the rural areas. It is the key to the urbanization development in the near future for the government to guide and encourage small town construction to boost the development of urban-rural fringe areas and address possible urban poverty problem through policy design.

This workshop last for three days and was jointly held by Zhejiang Provincial Poverty Alleviation Office, China Rural Development Research Institute of Zhejiang University and Zhejiang Agricultural Economics Society. The participants discussed the inherent relationship between rural and urban poverty, explored new ways to alleviate rural and urban poverty, better benefit the low-income groups and the establish inclusive cities, and shared effective experience in addressing poverty problem in urban-rural fringe areas and urban villages. Zhejiang made many useful exploratory attempts in urbanization, especially in blocking urban poverty, embarked on the unique path for inclusive industrialization and urbanization, took the lead to promote the equalization of basic public services, and continued to implement participatory poverty alleviation and development. During the workshop, the participants carried out field research on the construction of central towns, transformation of urban villages and new rural construction in Shaoxing City of Zhejiang Province, and learned from the practices of Shaoxing in promoting urban-rural integration based on local situations and the development experience of other Asian countries.

【Roundtable on Promoting the Corporate Ethics and Public-private Partnerships in the Development Field】On November 14, 2014, the Roundtable on Promoting the Corporate Ethics and Public-private Partnerships in the Development Field co-hosted by IPRCC and the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) was successfully convened in Beijing. More than 80 people participated in the meeting, including senior officials from China and member countries of the DAC of OECD, relevant experts and scholars in the field of development as well as representatives of private sector. Karen JOR.GENSEN, Director of the Review and Evaluation Department of OECD presided over the opening ceremony. Ambassador of Switzerland in China Salome MEYER, IPRCC Director General Zuo Changsheng and Chairman of OECD DAC Erik SOLHEIM respectively delivered a speech at the event. Subsequently, the participants discussed how to promote public-private partnerships, boost inclusive development and promote business ethics, and shared their successful experiences and innovative means as well.

This is the second roundtable of China-DAC Study Group in 2014. The China-DAC Study Group was jointly initiated by IPRCC and OECD DAC. Since its inception in 2009, the China-DAC Study Group has played an important role in boosting economic growth, sharing poverty reduction experience and strengthening mutual learning between countries.

Sharing Experience in International Poverty Reduction

【Overview】In 2014, with support of the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments of the Chinese government, the UNDP, IFAD and other international organizations, International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC) held a total of 11 international training programs on poverty reduction. 334 senior government officials and representatives of international organizations from 48 developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America participated in the training. During the implementation of the project, representatives of the parties exchanged poverty reduction strategies, models and experiences, analyzed the problems and challenges for poverty reduction, explored ways to strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in poverty reduction, and shared China’s development and poverty reduction policies and experience with developing countries.

【Seminar on Rural Development and Poverty Reduction for Youth from the SA Government’s DRDLR Rural Development Programs】On March 31, 2014, the“Seminar on Rural Development and Poverty Reduction for Youth from the SA Government’s DRDLR Rural Development Programs”hosted by IPRCC and the World Bank was convened in Beijing. Themed on“Rural Development and Poverty Reduction”, the workshop last for 15 days, including lectures on China’s rural development policies and SMEs’development practices and field trips in Jiangsu and Sichuan. 48 representatives from the SA Government’s DRDLR attended the event.

【Seminar on MDGs and Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the English-speaking African Countries】On April 14, 2014, the“Seminar on MDGs and Sustainable Poverty Reduction for the English-speaking African Countries”sponsored by China’s Ministry of Commerce and organized by IPRCC was convened in Beijing. Themed on“MDGs and Sustainable Poverty Reduction”, the seminar last for 15 days, including special workshop on China’s progress in achieving the Millennium Development Goals and China’s policies and practices for urban and rural poverty reduction, and field research on the effects and practices of rural poverty alleviation and development, rural education, health and ecological environment protection in Jiangxi Province. A total of 20 representatives from the relevant government departments on poverty reduction and development of 14 countries and regions, including Cameroon, Eritrea, Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Namibia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Zanzibar, attended the event.

【Seminar on Integrated Rural and Urban Development and Poverty Reduction for Asian Countries】On May 12, 2014, the“Seminar on Integrated Rural and Urban Development and Poverty Reduction for Asian Countries”sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of the P.R.C and organized by the IPRCC was convened in Beijing. Themed on“Integrated Rural and Urban Development and Poverty Reduction”, the 15-day seminar was mainly about the formation and development of China’s urban-rural dual economic structure, China’s strategy for integrated rural and urban development and sustainable rural poverty reduction, the human resource development and rural poverty reduction in China, etc. The field research was carried out on the integrated development of urban and rural areas in Shanxi Province. A total of 22 people working in the area of rural development and poverty reduction from 8 countries including Cambodia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Maldives, East Timor, Kyrgyzstan, Palestine and Yemen attended the event.

【Seminar on Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation Policy and Practice for Officials from Francophone Africa】On June 12, 2014, the Seminar on Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation Policy and Practice for Officials from Francophone Africa sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce and organized by IPRCC was held in Beijing. Themed on“Development-oriented Poverty Alleviation Policy and Practice”, the 15-day seminar was mainly about China’s strategy for and experience in rural poverty alleviation and development, poverty-relief fund raising and management, etc. The participants carried out field research on the effectiveness and practices of Guangxi’s policies on rural poverty alleviation and development. A total of 26 people from the African Union and the poverty reduction and development departments of 12 countries, namely Benin, Burundi, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (DRC), Cote d’Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Niger and Senegal, attended the workshop.

【Seminar on the Formulation and Implementation of Development and Poverty Reduction Policies for Officials from Francophone Africa】On May 30, 2014, the“Seminar on the Formulation and Implementation of Development and Poverty Reduction Policies for Officials from Francophone Africa”sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of the P.R.C and organized by the IPRCC took place in Beijing. The 15-day seminar was themed on the“Formulation and Implementation of Development and Poverty Reduction Policies”. A total of 26 representatives working in the area of poverty reduction and development from 11 countries including Benin, Burundi, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Madagascar, Mali, Niger and Senegal attended the event.

【Seminar on Regional Development and Poverty Reduction for Officials of Nepal】On July 24, 2014, the Seminar on Regional Development and Poverty Reduction for Officials of Nepal (2014) sponsored by Ministry of Commerce of PRC and organized by IPRCC was held in Beijing. Themed on“Regional Development and Poverty Reduction”, the 15-day workshop was mainly about China’s rural education, rural social security policy and practice, rural residents’production and operation mode, etc. The participants were organized to carry out field research on the regional development and poverty reduction projects in Gansu Province. A total of 19 representatives from the government developments of poverty alleviation and development of Nepal attended the event.

【Poverty Reduction Workshop for Zanzibari Officials】On August 12, 2014, the Poverty Reduction Workshop for Zanzibari Officials (2014) sponsored by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce and organized by IPRCC was held in Beijing. The ceremony was chaired by IPRCC’s chief of training Zhang Huidong. Mr. Wang Shu, Assistant Director General of IPRCC, attended and addressed the ceremony. Mr. SALUM MAULID SALUM, Secretary General of the Zanzibari President’s Office, delivered a speech on behalf of the trainees. The 20-day workshop was mainly about poverty reduction policies and practice trainings for twenty delegates from the poverty reduction and development-related government departments of Zanzibar. The field research was carried out on the implementation and effectiveness of the special poverty alleviation and development policies in rural areas of Guizhou Province.

【Seminar on the Development of Rural Enterprises in South Africa】On August 25, 2014, the Seminar on the Development of Rural Enterprises in South Africa sponsored by IPRCC and the World Bank was held in Beijing. Themed on“the Development of Rural Enterprises”, the 15-day event was mainly about the development of China’s township enterprises and employment promotion, youth employment and entrepreneurship policies and practices, etc. The participants were organized to carry out field research on the township enterprises in Jiangsu and Shandong. A total of 42 representatives from the Department of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development of South Africa attended the event.

【Seminar on Public Services and Poverty Reduction for Officials from Latin America, Caribbean and South Pacific Regions】On September 12, 2014, the Seminar on Public Services and Poverty Reduction for Officials from Latin America, Caribbean and South Pacific Regions, which was sponsored by Ministry of Commerce of PRC and organized by IPRCC, was successfully convened in Beijing. Themed on“Public Services and Poverty Reduction”, the 15-day workshop was attended by 18 representatives from the poverty alleviation departments of 8 countries, namely Tonga, Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Suriname, the Bahamas, Samoa, Micronesia, Antigua and Barbuda.

【From Policy to Practice: Seminar on Promoting Rural Enterprises Development for More Inclusive Economic Growth】On October 20, 2014, the“From Policy to Practice: Seminar on Promoting Rural Enterprises Development for More Inclusive Economic Growth”, sponsored by IPRCC and the World Bank, was held in Beijing. Themed on“Rural Development and Poverty Reduction”, the 15-day seminar organized the participants to carry out field research on the projects in Chongqing and Shandong. 42 representatives from the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform of South Africa (DRDLR) attended the event.

【Seminar on Rural Development and Poverty Reduction for Officials of Laos】From December 2 to 9, 2014, the Seminar on Rural Development and Poverty Reduction for Officials of Laos (2014) was held in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It was sponsored by IPRCC, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Office of Poverty Alleviation and the Laos National Commission of Rural Development and Poverty Eradication and organized by Foreign Capital Poverty Alleviation Project Management Center of Guangxi. The participants discussed about capacity building of rural officials, the circulation of agricultural products and market supervision, microfinance, NGOs’poverty alleviation projects, etc., and carried out field research on financial poverty alleviation and the poverty reduction mode of“company + farmers”in Tiandong County and Fangchenggang City. A total of 16 people attended the event, including the division and department officials of Laos National Commission of Rural Development and Poverty Eradication, Laos Ministry of National Defence and the provincial commissions of rural development and poverty eradication of Laos, etc.

International Cooperation in the Field of Poverty Reduction

【Rural Poverty Reduction Promotion Plan】On November 13, 2014, in his remarks at the ASEAN Plus China, Japan and ROK Summit, Premier Li Keqiang pointed out that it is the primary task of Asian countries to narrow the gap, reduce poverty and improve people’s livelihood. China proposed to implement the“East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative”and provided 100 million yuan for the implementation of the Rural Poverty Reduction Promotion Plan and the establishment of demonstration zones for East Asia’s cooperation in poverty reduction. To implement the“East Asia Poverty Reduction Cooperation Initiative”, on December 31, LGOP, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Finance of PRC jointly held the inter-sectoral coordination meeting, initially formulated the rural poverty reduction promotion plan, and planned to organize work teams to visit Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia to advance the work.

【Pilot Project of Comprehensive Development and Poverty Reduction of

Chinese Children】This project was officially launched in 2014, covering four aspects, namely the improvement of production and living conditions, promoting the development of poor children, community service system construction, project management and capacity building. Project objectives: To explore specific ways of incorporating child poverty into China’s Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development Program and addressing multidimensional poverty of children through multisectoral collaboration so as to provide a reference for the child poverty reduction in contiguous destitute areas nationwide. The project covered 8 counties and 80 impoverished villages in Wuling Mountain Area, Qinba Mountain Area, Dabie Mountain Area and Mufu Mountain Area of Hubei Province. As of the end of 2014, the project had achieved initial results in improving the living conditions of poor children, increasing the income of poor families, improving the comprehensive service system for children and promoting child protection and child nutrition and health improvement.

(Department of International Cooperation and Social Mobilization, LGOP)

Ⅷ. Study of Urban Poverty

Ⅰ. Basic situation of urban poverty

（Ⅰ）Urban.poverty-stricken.population.size

Urban poverty refers to urban residents’difficult living situation due to the lack of means to meet their basic needsa. Urban poverty became an increasingly prominent problem in the mid-1990s. Without a unified official measurement standard, no unified conclusion on the urban poverty-stricken population size has been drawn from the relevant studies so far.

Due to China’s long—established household registration system characterized by urban-rural segmentation, there has been arguments on the objects of urban poverty measurement. In theory, urban residents refer to all the people living in urban areas, including not only non-agricultural residents, but also agricultural population (also known as floating population), covering both local farmers and those flowing into the city from other places (mainly from the countryside).b At present, however, according to the national statistics, the urban poor mainly refer to the objects of the urban minimum living security system. As of the end of 2014, China had a total of 18.77 million objects of the urban minimum living security system, including only the urban poor with non-agricultural registered residence as only those with urban registered residence is covered by the urban minimum living security system. The data of the sixth demographic census in 2010 show that China has an urban non-agricultural population of 380 million and a total of 670 million urban residents, and there is a big gap between the two figures. Its impact on the measurement of urban poverty cannot be ignored. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2014, China had a mobile population of 253 millionc, accounting for 18.5% of the total, of which more than 70% were from rural areas. Thus, the poverty measurement based on the urban minimum living security system significantly underestimates the actual scale of urban poverty.

①　Wang Xiaolin, Zhang Deliang:“Study of China’s Urban Poverty (1989-2009)”, the“Journal of Guangxi University”(Philosophy and Social Sciences), No.2, 2013.

②　Wang Youjuan:“Judgment Analysis of China’s Current Urban Poverty Situation”,“Market and Demographic Analysis”, No.6, 2002.

③　National Bureau of Statistics:“2014 Statistics Bulletin on National Economic and Social Development”, January 20, 2015.

The“Annual Report on Urban Development of China No.4”issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2011pointed out that China has an urban poverty-stricken population of 50 million or so. The estimate is based on the proportion of 8% of the urban poor with the urban population of 621.86 million at the end of 2009 announced by“China Statistical Yearbook”of the National Bureau of Statistics in 2010 as the cardinal number, as the field research conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and some local governments drew the conclusion that“the urban poor account for 7.5%-8.7% of the total”.

Limited by data availability, in the analysis of the situation of the urban poor, we mainlydescribe the situation of those covered by the urban minimum living securitysystem. In the discussion of concrete issues, however, we still believe that the urban poor should include floating population moving from rural areas to the city.

（Ⅱ）Urban.poverty-stricken.population.composition

From the perspective of urban poverty-stricken population composition, the urban poor mainly include the unemployed, low-income people, low-wage retirees, people with special difficulties, long-term migrant workers, the elderly without pension, non-local resident population and floating population, etc.a

Among the objects of the urban minimum living security system, the unemployed (including registered and unregistered people), students, the elderly, the disabled, the“three no”people(no ability to work, no source of income and no statutory obligors) and other“vulnerable groups”account for a high proportion. The unemployed is one of the most important sources of the objects of the urban minimum living security system. In 2014, 7.113 million of the objects of the urban minimum living security system were unemployed, accounting for 37.8%, and the elderly, students, the disabled and the“three no”people respectively accounted for 16.7%, 14.1%, 8.4% and 2.6% of the total (Table 1). According to the overall trends during the period from 2007 to 2014, the proportions of the unemployed and students declined slowly, while this proportion of the elderly and the disabled was on the rise year by year.

（Ⅲ）Distribution.of.urban.poverty-stricken.people

As for the regional distribution of urban poverty-stricken people, the urban poor of China mainly live in the central and western regions.According to the Urban Investigation Corps of National Bureau of Statistics, in 2,000, there were a total of 2.72 million poor people in East China, 5.82 million in the central areas and 1.96 million in West China, and the poor in the central and western regions, where 53% of the urban residents live, accounted for nearly 3/4 of the total poor in the country. Thus, the urban poor of China mainly live in the central and western regions.

According to a survey conducted by All-China Federation of Trade Unionsin August 2002,

①　Xu Liping:“Integrated Poverty Reduction for Urban and Rural  Areas, Incorporating Urban Poverty into the National Poverty Alleviation and Development Strategy”,“Poverty Reduction Research References”, No.1, 2015.among the 17.959 million urban poor residents in 26 provinces of China, 3.935 million lived in nine eastern provinces, accounting for only 21.9% of the total urban poor and 3.1% of the local residents; 4.527 million lived in the western regions, accounting for 25.2% of the total urban poor and 7.3% of the local residents; and 9.497 million lived in 8 central provinces, accounting for 52.9% of the total urban poor, exceeding the total of the former two, where the poverty rate was up to 8.4%. It shows that the central and western regions are not only concentrated with urban residents, but also have a prominent problem of urban poverty.a

According to the fourth-quarter provincial data of the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 2014, 3.235 million people were covered by the urban minimum living security system in the eastern regions of China, accounting for 17.2%, and this figure in the central and western regions was respectively 8.072 million and 7.494 million, accounting for 42.9% and 39.9% respectively. The poverty situation in the central and western regions is relatively prominent.

（Ⅳ）Situation.of.the.urban.relative.poverty

There is still a big gap between the rich and the poor in the city, but the gap has been narrowed somewhat.According to the latest data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2012, theper capita disposable income of the lowest-income urban households was 82.151 yuan, accounting for only 33.4% of the average and 12.9% of the per capita household income of the highest-income urban households, indicating a big income gap between urban residents. Seen from the growth rate (Figure 1), however, from 2003 to 2005, the growth rate of theper capita disposable income of the highest-income urban households was always higher than that of the lowest-income urban households, but the growth rate of the lowest-income urban households began to exceed that of the highest-income households in 2006 and this trend remains stable on the whole despite an exception in 2008. In 2012, the growth rate of theper capita disposable income of the highest-income urban households was 8.47%, but this rate of the lowest-income urban households was up to 19.47%, 11 percentage points above the former. It shows that the income gap between urban residents has been narrowed somewhat and the narrowing speed is accelerating.

 

 

Figure 1　Growth rate of per capital disposable income of urban residents

①　QianLin:“Study of China’s Current Urban Poverty”,“Economic and Social Development”, No.1, 2007.

China’s urban poverty is manifested not only by income poverty, but also by multi-dimensional poverty.Through multidimensional poverty measurement, based on China Health and Nutrition Survey data in 2006, Wang Xiaolin and Alkire (2009) measured the multidimensional poverty of urban and rural families in China and discovered that multidimensional poverty is a common phenomenon in both urban and rural areas and nearly 1/5 of the families in both urban and rural areas live in poverty of three dimensions in addition to income poverty. Dimension decomposition results show that health facilities, health insurance and educationcontribute most to the Multidimensional Poverty Index. Urban and rural dimension decomposition of the samples shows that Heilongjiang and Guangxi have a relatively prominent problem of urban multidimensional poverty.

Ⅱ. Main problems of urban poverty

For individuals, urban poverty refers to the poverty under the same roof, which is different from rural poverty characterized by regional poverty; urban residents are concentrated in the city with more interpersonal communication, so the social conflicts and social impact arising from poverty are more significant than that of rural poverty.aInternational experience shows that urban poverty will increase urban crimes, and even spawn terrorist activities (Mousseau, 2011). Compared with rural poverty, urban poverty is more likely to lead to social crisis.

（Ⅰ）Unemployment

Unemployment is one of the major causes of urban poverty. The unemployment situation is still grim in China. According to the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as of the end of 2014, the number of registered jobless urbanites was 9.52 million and the registered urban unemployment rate was 4.09%.bThe actual number of unemployed urban residents, however, ismuch bigger than this figure. In accordance with the announcement of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2014, the urban employment increased by 10.7 million and the unemployment rate was around 5.1% based on the survey.cAs estimated by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) based on its research report jointly written with IMF and ILO, China’s actual unemployment rate in 2014 reached 6.3%, higher than that of the United Kingdom and the United States.dUrban unemployment problem will not

①　Wang Youjuan:“Judgment Analysis of China’s Current Urban Poverty Situation”,“Market and Demographic Analysis”, No.6, 2002.

②　Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security:“2014 Annual Statistics Bulletin on the Development of Human Resources and Social Security”, May 28, 2015.

③　State Council Information Office held a press conference on national economic operation in 2014, Chinese network, http://www.china.com.cn/zhibo/2015-01/20/content_34593748.htm?show=t, June 15, 2015.

④　British media: China’s unemployment rate was 5.1% last year, significantly higher than that of previous years, Reference News Network , http://china.cankaoxiaoxi.com/2015/0121/636334.shtml, June 15, 2015.only worsen the poverty situation of the urban poor, but also bring about social instability.

The proportion of the working-age population declined and the differentiation trend of the supply of labors at different ages has been exacerbated. As for the total number of the working-age people, according to the“National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin 2014”, as of the end of 2014, the population aged 16-59 accounted for 67%, down 0.6 percentage points compared with the end of 2013, with a decline of 3.71 million, and China’s working-age population decreased for three consecutive years. In 2014,there were a total of 168.21 million migrant workers in China, with a growth rate of 1.3%, down 0.4 percentage points compared with 2013. The total number of migrant workers, especially the growth rate of trans-provincial migrant workers is declining. Seen from the structure of the working-age population, the total number of young labors is declining while the number of middle-aged and elderly labors is on the rise, college student labors account for about 50% of the emerging labors and this has become a new normal. Such a situation will lead to the structural problems in labor supply, reducing the matching degree of market supply and demand and making the problem of structural unemployment more outstanding.

In recent years, the employment of young people, especially college graduates has become a prominent problem.The unemployment of college graduates is mainly manifested by structural unemployment of differentregions, industries and genders. From 2005 to 2014, the number of college graduates nationwide increased from 3.38 million to 7.27 million. In 2014, the urban employment increased by 13.22 million, of which 55% was for college students. According to the latest Labor Statistics Yearbook of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2013, among the 25-29-year-old unemployed men, those with a bachelor degree accounted for 25.1% and those with a master’s or doctor’s degree accounted for 66.4%; among the 25-29-year-old unemployed girls (women), these two proportions were respectively 28.3 % and 55%. Most of the postgraduates at this age have just graduated from university but their unemployment rate even doubled that of undergraduates. Among those aged 30-34, the unemployment rate of postgraduates was also slightly higher than that of undergraduates (12.3%), up to 13%. Unemployment of highly educated people is a waste of human resources, and will even inhibit the willingness of families to invest in education in future. The revenue deletion caused by the unemployment of college graduates will increase their (or their families’) risk of falling into poverty, and the psychological problem caused by long-term unemployment will affect thepersonal growth, family harmony and social harmony.

（Ⅱ）Population.aging

Since China entered the stage of aging society at the beginning of the 21st Century, China’s elderly population witnessed a rapid growth. As of the end of 2014, China had a total of 210 million elderly people over 60 years old, accounting for 15.5% of the total, among whom, 140 million were above 65, accounting for 10.1%. With declining health status, working ability and income levels, the elderly are vulnerable groups that will easily fall into poverty. At present, Chinese family size is shrinking and the function of aging care of traditional family is gradually weakening, making the elderly depend more heavily on public services.

According to the“Chinese Family Development Report (2015)”issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, China’s families are mainly small families with two or three members, and a large number of single-member families, empty nest families and dink families are

emerging.“Empty nesters”—the elderly whose children have left the home, account for 50% of

the elderly, and such families have strong demands for old-age supporting. Manly elderly people mainly depend on their family members and have the strongest demand for medical services, especially for social services. According to the study on the living situation of the disabled elderly in urban and rural areas nationwide, in 2013, there were a total of 37.5 million disabled elderly in China, and this figure is estimated to exceed 40 million in 2015, accounting for nearly 20% of the elderly in our country. The families of disabled elderly people spent a lot on medical treatment. With the accelerated pace of aging, diseases and the burden of caring for the elderly and their families will make the elderly and their families face a more severe risk of poverty, increasing their needs for social public services.

（Ⅲ）Urbanization

China witnessed rapid development of urbanization.During the decade from 2002 to 2011, China’s urbanization rate witnessed an annual average growthof 1.35% and the urban population witnessed anannual average growth of 20.96 million. In 2011, China’s urban population exceeded rural population for the first time, accounting for 51.27% of the total. The“China Human Development Report 2013”issued by the UNDP pointed out that in 2011,China’s urban population exceeded rural population for the first time and China raised the urbanization rate from 10% to 50% in the past six decades. For the same change, however, Europe spent 150 years and Latin American spent 210 years. In 2014, China’s urbanization rate reached 54.77% (National Bureau of Statistics, 2015), up 1.9% over the previous year.

Behind the rapid urbanization, the quality of urbanization has been questioned.In China’s official statistics,“cities”include not only urban areas, but also the rural areas with public services provided by the city, and the urban population refers to the urban permanent residents, including the migrant workers from rural areas who lived in the city for more than six months, but rural floating population cannot really enjoy the same public services and social security as the urban residents, indicating that China’s urbanization rate is overvalued.

Urbanization is a double edged sword, which will probably help alleviate urban poverty but will also probably be the cause of urban poverty.Urbanization helps boost economic development and sustained economic development can bring more employment opportunities for the poor, thus increasing their income and gradually lift them out of poverty. At the same time, however, in the process of rapid urbanization, the influx of a large number of people to the city will probably lead to inadequate supply of public services, rising prices and rising unemployment and thus increase urban poverty-stricken population.“Urbanization does not mean that every person living in the city can enjoy the opportunities and outcomes brought about by urbanization. The underprivileged population at the bottom of society usually has low knowledge and skill levels, so urban life could mean a harsher living environment, the forfeiture of deprivation of rights and social exclusion for them (Liu Qianqian, 2014).”

In recent years, poverty has become an increasingly prominent problem in mega-cities.The“Urban Development Report 2014”of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, which is about the poverty problem in mega-cities, points out that“China absolute poverty rate has been declining, food and clothing problem has been basically resolved nationwide, but a new type of poverty phenomenon has occurred in many big cities, including the transformed poverty arising from the transformation of social systems and the income-declining and expenditure-risk poverty due to the non-synchronization of economic growth and residents’income growth, leading to a higher incidence of relative poverty and subjective poverty.”a

（Ⅳ）Household.registration.system

For a long time, China implemented the dual household registration system and the social security system characterized by rural-urban segmentation. As for urban poverty, due to the household registration restrictions, the poverty of migrant workers with rural registered residence is measured with the rural poverty standard and these migrant workers are regarded as the rural poor. Although they live in the city, they cannot settle down or enjoy the urban social security and social assistance. At the same time, they are far away from home village and can hardly benefit directly from rural pro-poor policies. Some scholars have pointed out:“The establishment of the urban and rural poverty alleviation system has a strong‘territorial’nature, making the majority of migrant workers excluded from the existing poverty alleviation system and become the poor not covered by any system”.b

On July 30, 2014, the“Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Household Registration System”of the State Council was officially issued. According to the Opinions, we must further adjust the residence migration policy, establish a unified urban and rural household registration system, fully implement the residence permit system, accelerate the construction and sharing of a national basic population database and steadily push forward the urban basic public services to cover all permanent residents; by 2020, basically establish a new people-oriented, efficient and standardized household registration system in line with the requirement of building a comprehensive well-off society to effectively support social management and public services andsafeguard civil rights according to law, striving to make 100 million migrant workers and other residents settle down in the city.

The reform of the household registration system is a good opportunity for urban poverty reduction. In the future, after registered residence is not linked with the urban welfare system, after we achieve the integrated development of urban and rural areas, the urban social security system will cover a larger number of people, which is an important opportunity to address the poverty problem of floating population and establish a sound urban poverty reduction mechanism. Meanwhile, the reform of the household registration system is also a new challenge for poverty reduction. The poverty-stricken people will mainly be identified from the residents, changes will take place to the poverty incidence

①　Jiang Guifeng:“Focus on Poverty in Mega-cities of China”,“China Urban Development Report”, Social Science Academic Press, Beijing, September 2014, Page 181-193.

②　Lin Wanlong:“Challenges for China’s Anti-poverty Policy System in the Process of Urban-rural Integration”, Background Report of the 7th China-ASEAN Forum on Social Development and Poverty Reduction, August, 2013.and poverty-stricken population of urban and rural areas and profound changes will happen to the urban and rural poverty reduction pattern as well. To achieve the integrated poverty reduction in urban and rural areas, we must carry out reform and make innovations to the working mechanism and management system through system convergence, technical support, department collaboration and resources mobilization.

Ⅲ. Urban anti-poverty policies and measures

（Ⅰ）Preventive.policies-social.insurance

According to the“2014 Annual Human Resources and Social Security Development Statistics Bulletin”of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2014, the total income of five social insurance (including urban and rural basic pension insurance) funds amounted to 3.9828 trillion yuan, with an increase of 457.5 billion yuan, up 13.0% over 2013, and the fund expenditures amounted to 3.3003 trillion yuan, with an increase of 508.6 billion yuan, up18.2%. The coverage of social insurance was further expanded.

1. Endowment insurance

In February 2014, the State Council issued the“Opinions on the Establishment of A Unified Basic Old-age Insurance System for Urban and Rural Residents”and a unified basic old-age insurance system was established nationwide for urban and rural residents, addressing the system convergence problem for labors, especially for migrant workers to participate in the basic old-age insurance for workers and urban and rural residents.

In 2014, the number of the people covered by the endowment insurance system for urban workers continued to increase and reached 341.24 million at the end of 2014, with an increase of 19.06 million compared to 2013, including 54.72 million migrant workers, with an increase of 5.77 million. In 2014, the total revenue of the basic endowment insurance for urban workers was 2.531 trillion yuan, up 11.6% over 2013, of which 2.0434 trillion yuan was personal contributions, up 9.7%, and 354.8 billion yuan was government subsidies. In 2014, the total fund expenditure was 2.1755 trillion yuan, up 17.8%.

By the end of 2014, a total of 501.07 million people were covered by the basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, with an increase of 3.57 million over 2013. In 2014, the basic old-age insurance fund revenue was 231 billion yuan, up 12.6%, of which 66.6 billion yuan was personal contributions, up 4.7%. The fund expenditures amounted to 157.1 billion yuan, up 16.5%, and the balance of the fund was 384.5 billion yuan.

2. Medical insurance

By the end of 2014, a total of 597.47 million people were covered by the urban basic medical insurance, with an increase of 26.74 million over 2013, of which 282.96 million people participated in the basic medical insurance for urban workers, with an increase of 8.53 million, 314.51 million people participated in the basic medical insurance for urban residents, with an increase of 18.21 million. Among those covered by the basic medical insurance for urban workers, 210.41 million were workers and 72.55 million were retirees, with an increase of 5.4 million and 3.13 million respectively. By the end of 2014, a total of 52.29 million migrant workers were covered by the urban basic medical insurance system, with an increase of 2.11 million over 2013.

In 2014, the total revenue of the urban basic medical insurance funds was 968.7 billion yuan and the total expenditure was 813.4 billion yuan, up 17.4% and 19.6% respectively; the balance of the urban basic medical insurance funds was 673.2 billion yuan (including 119.5 billion yuan of basic medical insurance funds of urban residents) and the balance of personal contributions was 391.3 billion yuan.

3. Unemployment insurance

In 2014, a total of 170.43 million people were covered by the unemployment insurance system, with an increase of 6.26 million, of which 40.71 million were migrant workers, with an increase of 3.31 million. By the end of 2014, 2.07 million people received unemployment insurance benefits, with an increase of 100,000. In 2014, one-time living allowance was issued to 780,000 contract system migrant workers whose labor contract was terminated or not renewed after expiring.

In 2014, the unemployment insurance fund income was 138 billion yuan, up 7.1%, and the expenditure was 61.5 billion yuan, up15.6%. By the end of 2014, the balance of the unemployment insurance fund was 445.1 billion yuan.

4. Work-related injury insurance

By the end of 2014, a total of 206.39 million people were covered by the work-related injury insurance, with an increase of 7.22 million over 2013, of which 73.62 million was migrant workers, with an increase of 980,000. In 2014, 1.147 million people were identified (regarded) as victims of work-related injury, with a decline of 37,000; 558,000 people were identified with disabilities, with an increase of 46,000; and 1.98 million people benefited from the work-related injury insurance, with an increase of 30,000. In 2014, the work-related injury insurance income was 69.5 billion yuan and expenditure was 56 billion yuan, up 13.0% and 16.3%% respectively. By the end of 2014, the balance of the work-related injury insurance fund was 112.9 billion yuan (including 19 billion yuan

of reserves).

5. Maternity Insurance

By the end of 2014, a total of 170.39 million people were covered by the maternity insurance, with an increase of 6.47 million over 2013, and a total of 6.13 million people benefited from the maternity insurance, with an increase of 910,000. In 2014, the income of the maternity insurance fund was 44.6 billion yuan and the expenditure was 36.8 billion yuan, up 21.1% and 30.2% respectively. As of the end of 2014, the balance of the maternity insurance fund was 59.3 billion yuan.

（Ⅱ）Protection.policies-social.assistance

2014, a dozen of social assistance-related policies and regulations were issued, including the“Interim Measures on Social Assistance”, the“Minimum Living Security Work Performance Evaluation Approach”, the“Measures for the Administration of Relief Vagrants and Beggars without Assured Living Sources”, etc. The social assistance system and mechanism were further improved.

On May 1, 2014, the“Interim Measures forSocial Assistance”, the first comprehensive administrative regulation on social assistance in China,was officially implemented. The“Interim Measures for Social Assistance”has enhanced social assistance to the level of fundamental, stable stability legal system, incorporated the system to address the basic living problems of the poor into a unified administrative regulation and established a complete, tight security network, laying a solid foundation for enhancing the legalization level of social assistance. The“Interim Measures for Social Assistance”strengthened overall coordination on social assistance work, adhering to the integrated development of social assistance for both urban and rural areas and strengthened the mechanism for economic status check of the families covered by social assistance.

Ten.new.provisions.of.the“Interim.Measures.for.Social.Assistance”a

.        Build the social assistance system: Clearly propose to build asocial assistance system with the minimum living security, support for the extremely poor, relief of people affected in disasters, medical assistance, education assistance, housing assistance, employment assistance and temporary relief as the core, supplemented by social participation.

.        Coordinate the development of urban and rural social assistance

.        Clearly propose to establish a comprehensive temporary assistance system

.        Provide a statutory basis for the verification of economic status

.        Put forward guiding new requirements for emergency response

.        Standardize the application procedures

.        Put forward the support conditions for the participation of social forces

.        Explore new ways of social assistance

.        Provide guarantee conditions for the grassroots capacity building

.        Improve the accountability mechanisms for violations

In April 2014, the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the“Notice on Increasing Statistic Indicators for the Dynamic Management of Urban and Rural Minimum Living Security System”. Under the indicator of“the number of people / households covered by the urban minimum living security system”in the monthly and quarterly social service statistics, the government increased the“number of increased / cancelled households / people covered by the urban minimum living security system”, further strengthening the dynamic management of the data related to minimum living security.

In June 2014, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the“Work Plan for Improving Social Assistance to Enhance the Level of Social Services for People”, organized the re-verification of the economic status of the people receiving subsistence allowance, focused on addressing the insurance problems due to human relations to promote the fairness of the minimum living security; established a sound mechanism of“integrated handling in one office”to improve the service function of social

①　Source: Capital Window-Beijing government portal:  Interpretation of the“Interim Measures for Social Assistance”, http://zhengwu.beijing.gov.cn/zwzt/shjzjd/default.htm, June 9, 2015.assistance departments and enhance the level of grassroots public services for the masses.

In October 2014, the State Council issued the“Circular on the Establishment of A Comprehensive Temporary Assistance System”to fill the blank of social assistance system, give further play to the role of social assistance in addressing urgent problems and solve the sudden, urgent and temporary living difficulties of urban and rural poor residents, targeting at families and individuals. People can apply for the assistance, or the civil affairs department and assistance management department can proactively identify the objects and properly handle the issues. Rescue methods include the issuance of temporary assistance payments, payment in kind and referral services.

1. Urban minimum living security system

（1）Development status

According to the“Social Services Development Statistics Bulletin 2014”of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, as of the end of 2014, a total of 10.261 million households and 18.77 million people had been covered by the urban minimum living security system in China. In 2014, governments at all levels spent a total of 72.17 billion yuan of urban subsistence allowance, of which 51.888 billion yuan was from the central government, accounting for 71.9%. In 2014, the average urban subsistence allowance standard was 411 yuan per person per month, up 10.1% over 2013, and the average monthly subsidy for the poor was 286 yuan per person per month, up 8.3% (Table 3).

（2）Objects

During the period from 1998 to 2002, the objects of the urban minimum living security system soared from 1.814 million to 20.647 million, with an increase of 10.38 times within five years. After the continuous growth, the number of people receiving subsistence allowance is gradually stable, maintaining at 20 million or so. In 2010, this figure began to decline. At the end of 2014, the objects of the urban minimum living security system was 18.77 million, with a decrease of 1.872 million compared to 2013 (Figure 2: Objects of the urban minimum living security system and the subsistence allowance per capita (1998-2014)).

Table.3　The.basic.situation.of.China’s.urban.subsistence.allowances

Year

 Number of objects (10,000)

 Annual growth

(%)

 Average subsistence allowance standard (yuan /month /person)

 Average expenditure(yuan /month /person)

 

1998

 184.1

 109.4

 -

 -

 

1999

 265.9

 44.4

 149.0

 -

 

2,000

 402.6

 51.4

 157.0

 -

 

2001

 1170.7

 190.8

 147.0

 -

 

2002

 2064.7

 76.4

 148.0

 -

 

2003

 2246.8

 8.8

 149.0

 58.0

 

2004

 2205.0

 -1.9

 152.0

 65.0

 

2005

 2234.2

 1.3

 156.0

 72.3

 

2006

 2240.1

 0.3

 169.6

 83.6

 

2007

 2272.1

 1.4

 182.4

 102.7

 

2008

 2334.8

 2.8

 205.3

 143.7

 

2009

 2345.6

 0.5

 227.8

 172.0

 

2010

 2310.5

 -1.5

 251.2

 189.0

 

2011

 2276.8

 -1.5

 287.6

 240.3

 

2012

 2143.5

 -5.9

 330.1

 239.1

 

2013

 2064.2

 -3.7

 373.3

 264.2

 

2014

 1877.0

 -9.1

 411.0

 286.0

 

 

 

Source:“China Civil Affairs Statistical Yearbook”over the years, the“Social Services Development Statistics Bulletin 2014”of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the“National Economic and Social Development Statistics Bulletin 2014”of the National Bureau of Statistics.

（3）Subsistence allowance standards

As for the urban subsistence allowance standards nationwide in the fourth quarter of 2014, this standard in the eastern regions isgeneral fairly high and above the national average due to the higher income and consumption levels and stronger financial strength of local governments. The subsistence allowance standards in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, for example, are all more than 500 yuan, and this figure in Shanghai is the biggest, up to 710 yuan. In the western regions, however, except Tibet Autonomous Region, which has a subsistence allowance standard of 500 yuan, this figure of other regions is general low, especially in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the subsistence allowance standard was the lowest—304.77 yuan. The subsistence allowance standard of Shanghai is 2.33 times that of NingxiaHui Autonomous Region.

Table.4　Subsistence.allowance.standards.of.

different.provinces.in.the.fourth.quarter.of.2014

Region

 Average subsistence allowance (yuan / month)

 Number of districts (counties)

 Region

 Average subsistence allowance (yuan / month)

 Number of districts (counties)

 

Shanghai

 710.00

 17

 Guizhou

 395.00

 90

 

Beijing

 650.00

 16

 Shaanxi

 388.50

 109

 

Tianjin

 640.00

 16

 Shanxi

 383.67

 123

 

Zhejiang

 573.30

 92

 Hainan

 379.58

 24

 

Jiangsu

 536.05

 119

 Jilin

 371.07

 74

 

Tibet Autonomous Region

 533.92

 74

 Chongqing

 369.00

 40

 

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

 481.44

 104

 Yunnan

 359.63

 134

 

Guangdong

 454.46

 130

 Hunan

 352.76

 138

 

Liaoning

 452.77

 111

 Qinghai

 350.98

 46

 

Shandong

 451.89

 170

 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

 340.08

 116

 

Heilongjiang

 446.84

 142

 Sichuan

 336.17

 188

 

Hebei

 431.90

 194

 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

 329.17

 133

 

Anhui

 421.54

 115

 Henan

 328.80

 181

 

Jiangxi

 418.30

 109

 Gansu

 328.25

 89

 

Hubei

 410.97

 111

 Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

 304.77

 22

 

Fujian

 404.37

 87

 

 

 

Source: Website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

2. Medical assistance

China launched rural medical assistancein 2003 and established the urban medical aid system in 2005. The two systems each have independent funds and operations. In 2013, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the“Measures on the Management of Urban and Rural Medical Assistance Funds”, required the combination of urban and rural medical assistance funds for unified use. In 2014, 91.19 million people received medical assistance, including 23.95 million receiving direct assistance, 67.24 million people were covered by the basic medical insurance and 25.26 billion yuan was spent on medical assistance.aGenerally speaking, 60% of the objects of

①　Source: Ministry of Civil Affairs:“Social Services Development Statistics Bulletin 2014”, June 10, 2015.the minimum living security system and special support system received medical assistance. In 2014, among the financial inputs for medical aid, central government investment accounted for 58.5% and local governments’investment 36.9%, and the remaining were social donations. In 2014, 10%～15% of the charitable donations was used for medical assistance, and we still have a long way to go to mobilize charitable funds for medical aid.a

3. Educational assistance

In 2014, a total of 85.4378 million students of pre-school education (early childhood), compulsory education, vocational schools, high school, universities and colleges received subsidies (not including the free textbooks for compulsory education and the subsidies for nutrition improvement), with an increase of approximately 6.86% compared with 2013, and the subsidies amounted to 142.128 billion yuan, with an increase of 23.613 billion yuan, up 19.92%. Among the subsidies provided in 2014, 98.943 billion yuan was financial funds, accounting for 69.62% the total, with an increase of 18.4 billion yuan, up 22.84%.b

In July 2014, the state student loan and relevant subsidy criteria were adjusted. Specifically: First, the state student loan funding criteria was raised from no more than 6,000 yuan per person per year to no more than 8,000 yuan per person per year for undergraduates and no more than 12,000 yuan per person per year forfull-time postgraduate students; second, the tuition reimbursement, state student loan compensation and tuition fee waiverfor enlisted compulsory military service was raised from no more than 6,000 yuan per person per year for undergraduates, no more than 8,000 yuan per person per year for masters and no more than 10,000 yuan per person per year for doctors to no more than 8,000 yuan per person per year for undergraduates and no more than 12,000 yuan per person per year for postgraduate students; third, the tuition reimbursement, state student loan and tuition funding criteria for retired soldiers was raised from no more than 6,000 yuan per person per year to no more than 8,000 yuan per person per year for undergraduates and no more than 12,000 yuan per person per year for postgraduate students; fourth, the proportion of the state student loan subsidies for full-time college and university students was linked up with the proportion of state stipend, and provisions were formulated that the national average state student loan subsidy for full-time college and university students should be almost the same as the proportion of state stipend that year, and the local university subsidy proportion should be almost the same as the proportion of local state stipend that year.

4. Housing assistance

In December 2013, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the“Notice on Merger Operation of Public Rental Housing and Low-rent Housing”. From 2014 onwards, the low-rent housing construction plans and fund management of local governments were incorporated into the public rental housing system for unified management. According to the requirement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the implementation approach must be formulated by

①　Two Departments’Discussion on Medical Assistance for Severely Ill Patients, June 17, 2015, Interviewof the Chinese Government Network, http://www.gov.cn/wenzheng/talking04/20150617ft117/, June 18, 2015.

②　National Student Aid Management Center,“China’s Student Aid Development Report 2014”http://www.chsi.com.cn/jyzx/201508/20150819/1503293920-1.html, Sept. 7, 2015.the end of June to guide the introduction of the implementation plans of cities and counties before the end of August. By the end of 2014, local governments must incorporate all low-rent houses into the public rental housing system for unified planning for construction, unified use of funds, unified application and approval and unified operation and management. In June 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the“Opinions on the Operation and Management of Public Rental Housing after the Merger”and required local governments to clarify the security object, develop scientific annual construction plan, improve the application and review mechanism, improve the queuing system, strengthen the housing lease, use and exit management and promote

information disclosure.

Before the merger of low-rent housing and public rental housing, there were many problems. First, the two targeted at completely different groups, requiring separate applicationand queuing. It could easily lead to confusion and inconvenience for applicants; second, housing security demand and supply is a dynamic process. The households that need to use public rental housing rather than low-rent housing due to changes in income level must quit the low-rent housing before applying for new public rental housing, causing unnecessary trouble to people; third, due to the different barriers to entry, the two kinds of security housing could not be flexibly used, resulting in a waste of resources. After the merger of low-rent housing and public rental housing, unified application channels and approval procedures have been created. Taking the security objects’housing difficulties, income level, application order and security needs into comprehensive consideration, we can determine reasonable rules for rank ordering and provide timely housing security for the groups in urgent need of houses to show the fairness and justice of housing security and improve the efficiency of housing security.

In November 2014, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the“Notice on the Relevant Housing Assistance Work”, made clear that the objects of housing assistance are the families with housing difficulties covered by the minimum living security system that meet the relevant requirements of the local governments above county and the extremely poor for scattered support, standardized the housing assistance mode: for urban objects of housing security, providing public rental housing and issuing house leasing subsidies to the low-income households, supplemented withrent relief for public rental housing; for rural objects of housing security, incorporating them into the rural dilapidated housing renovation program and giving priority to them in the project implementation. 

In 2014, local governments continued to implement the“Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating Shantytowns Transformation”, and gave priority to shantytowns transformation and the infrastructure construction for affordable housing projects in the allocation of central budget investment. In 2014, the central budget investment for shantytownstransformation and the infrastructure construction for affordable housing projects amounted to 78.7 billion yuan. The central government issued 23 billion yuan of subsidy funds to support the renovation of rural dilapidated houses, covering 2.66 million rural households. Governments at all levels took the affordable housing project a“hard commitments”to the people and a“hard task”. In 2014, the government launched the construction of 7.4 million sets of urban affordable houses and basically completed the construction of 5.11 million sets of affordable houses, overfulfilling the annual tasks: launching the construction of 7 million sets of urban affordable houses and basically complete the construction of 4.8 million sets of urban affordable houses. From 2008 to 2014, the central government invested more than 800 billion yuan in the construction of urban affordable housing projects, and more than 45 million sets of urban affordable houses were under construction nationwide, including 20.8 million projects of shantytown transformation. As of the end of 2014, the government had addressed the housing difficulties of more than 40 million urban families.a

5. Assistance for the elderly

By the end of 2014, China had a total of 2558institutions and 21,000 legal aid centers for the elderly, 80,000 organizations for safeguarding legal rights of the elderly, 54,000 schools for the aged with 7.331 million students, 349,000 activity rooms for the aged, and 94110 old-age service agencies and facilities, including 33043 old-age service agencies, 18,927 community old-age service agencies and facilities, mutual-aid old-age service facilities and 1783 nursing homes for retired army officers; and a total of 5.778 million old-age support beds, up 17.0% over 2013 (27.2 beds for per thousand elderly people, up 11.5%), of which 1.875 million were for community accommodation and daily care, receiving 3.184 million elderly people, up 4.2%.

By the end of 2014, China had set up 2137 legal aid stations for elderly people, mainly providing timely legal assistance for the aged. Judicial and administrative departments at all levels handleda total of 113,000 legal aid cases for the elderly and provided legal consulting services for more than 340,000 elderly people.

On September 10, 2014, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Working Commission on Aging jointly issued the“Notice on the Establishment of A Sound Subsidy System for Elderly Disabled People in Economic Difficulties”and called for further efforts to increase public financial support to effectively solve problems of elderly disabled people in economic difficulties so as to achieve the equalization of basic pension services. According to the“Notice”, the subsidies shall be provided by local governments. Local financial departments should accurately estimate the amount of funds needed for subsidizing the elderly and incorporate it into the annual financial budget; jointly with local departments of civil affairs and aging work, based on local conditions, the provincial financial departments shall timely formulate the fund management methods for the subsidy system for elderly disabled people in economic difficulties and the implementation plans, make clear the specific subsidyitems, range, standards, fund-raising channels, application conditions, review publicity, subsidy issuing procedures and supervision approaches.

（Ⅲ）Development.policy-employment.promotion-oriented.anti-poverty.strategy

The employment promotion-oriented anti-poverty strategy is designed to enhance the earning power and development ability of the poor. It is the most direct andimportant means to fundamentally solve the poverty problem of people without the ability to work.

In 2012, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,

①　State Council Information Office of P.R.C.: White Paper of“Progress in China’s Human Rights Cause in 2014”, June 2015.the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Commerce formulated the“Employment Promotion Planning (2011-2015)”, the first special employment promotion program approved by the State Council in China. The“Planning”clearly proposed to“take employment as a priority target of social and economic development and establish a sound long-term mechanism for economic development, industrial structure adjustment and positive interaction expansion”.

According to the data announced by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2014, 13.22 million urban residents found jobs, 5.51 unemployed people were re-employed, and 1.77 million people with employment difficulties got jobs. Throughout the whole year, the government helped 58,000 zero-employment families find jobs for at least one family member, and organized 27,000 college / university graduates to get involved in the“Three Supports and One Assistance”activity in rural areas.

In 2014,according to the chapter of“Employment Assistance”of the“Interim Measures for Social Assistance”, the government should provide employment assistance for the unemployed members with the ability to work from the families receiving subsistence allowance through interest payments on loans, social insurance subsidies, job subsidies, training subsidies, fee waivers and public service job placement, provide a wide range of employment services and implement subsidy and preferential tax policies for the employers that accept the objects of employment assistance. At the same time, according to the Interim Measures, for those who refuse the jobs suitable for their health status and working ability for three consecutive times without justifiable reasons, the county government should decide to reduce or stop issuing the subsistence allowance, aiming to further encourage employment and alleviate welfare dependency.

In 2014, the State Council issued the“Circular on Further Improving the Services for Migrant Workers”. While continuing to safeguard the labor rights, strengthening labor skills training and improving the employment service system for migrant workers, according to the“Circular”, we should expand the coverage of entrepreneurship support policies to include migrant workers, and promote migrant workers’entrepreneurship through financial aid, venture capital guidance and entrepreneurship training, policy-based financial services, small-sum guaranteed loans and interest subsidies, production and operation venues and business incubators; while promoting the realization of migrant workers’equal access to urban basic public services, we should strive to accelerate the social integration of migrant workers and promote the citizenization of migrant workers in an

orderly way.

In 2014, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the“Circular on Further Improving the Employment and Unemployment Registration and Management Approach”. According to the Notice, unemployment registration should cover all permanent residents and mustn’t exclude those whose registered residence is not in local area or whose files have not been created to ensure that all urban residents enjoy the same labor employment rights, basic public employment service and employment subsidy policies as those with local registered residence. On this basis, in accordance with the State Council’s deployment on promoting the reform of household registration system, based on local carrying capacity and development potential, local government should make sure that the migrant workers who meet certain conditions-living in the local area with social insurance for a certain number of years as required, can enjoy the same employment support policy as the local residents.

In 2014, thepolicies that encourage the employment and entrepreneurship of college graduatesmainly include: (1) Policies to encourage college graduates to work in urban and rural grassroots units. Continue to coordinate the implementation of various grassroots service projects such as the College Student Village Cadre Program and the”Three Supports and One Assistance”, and guide college graduates to work in the fields of grassroots public service, modern agriculture and professional technical service; (2) Policies to encourage small and micro enterprises to employcollege graduates and implement preferential policies for the small and micro enterprises that employed college graduates, including social insurance subsidies, loans, interest subsidies and training subsidies; (3) Incentives for college graduates to launch their own businesses. Implement the college student entrepreneurship guiding program, provide entrepreneurship guidance and training to enhance their entrepreneurial ability, implement the policies to encourage entrepreneurship, covering registration, financing and tax policies, and encourage entrepreneurship through e-commerce platform; (4) Policies to promote employment of unemployed college graduates; (5) Policies to strengthen employment guidance and services; (6) Policies to create a fair employment environment, restrict recruitment conditions of employers and supervise the recruitment procedures to promote employment equity.a

Ⅳ. Policy recommendations

With the continuous implementation of urbanization in China, urban poverty will become a social problem that cannot be ignored. The government should attach great importance to urban poverty and timely establish a strategic framework to cope with urban poverty.

（Ⅰ）Developing.the.national.standards.of.urban.poverty

In the urban anti-poverty strategic framework, urban poverty standard takes the most basic core position and is the premise for the formulation of anti-poverty policies and the implementation of anti-poverty work. At present, the urban poverty measurement is mainly based on relevant studies and there isn’t a scientific official urban poverty standard yet. Currently, the official subsistence allowance standards are the standards for cash transfer to the poor with local registered residence formulated by the city governments based on local social and economic development levels, income and consumption situation as well as local financial strengths,bwhich cannot accurately reflect the situation of urban poverty. We should make clear the connotation of urban poverty as soon as possible, develop the national standards for urban poverty and find out the actual situation of the urban poor.

①　Website of the Ministry of Education, http://www.moe.edu.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s5987/201406/170150.html，June 16, 2015.

②　Wang Xiaolin, Zhang Deliang:“Study of China’s Urban Poverty (1989-2009)”, the“Journal of Guangxi University”(Philosophy and Social Sciences), No.2, 2013.

China’s urban poverty includes not only the income poverty of the extremely poor, but also the multidimensional poverty of low-income groups, covering education, health, medical care, etc.Urban poverty cannot be measured only by income poverty standard. Official survey and research should be carried out to make clear the monetary and non-monetary poverty situation of the urban poor by using multidimensional poverty indicators to provide a basis for urban poverty reduction.

（Ⅱ）Establishing.the.mechanism.for.accurate.identification.and.targeting.of.urban.poverty

In early 2014, LGOP issued the“Archiving Work Program for Poverty Alleviation”. The government organized accurate identification of poor households and poor villages, analyzed the poverty situation of each impoverished household as well as the cause of poverty, made clear the poverty relief demands and objects, implemented the relief measures, carried out assessment and implemented dynamic management. After that, the poverty statistics are not only abstract data, but the figures to reflect the real situation of specific poor households and poor people, enhancing the relevance of poverty reduction and achieving measure adjustment based on actual situations. In the past, however, we could not know the actual situation of the specific poor from the rural poverty monitoring results. In our cities, currently, the food and clothing problem has been basically resolved, and the non-point poverty statistics cannot meet the actual needs of urban poverty reduction. We should establish the mechanism for accurate identification and targeting of the poor as soon as possible, introduce the multi-dimensional poverty identification means and target at specific poor households and poor persons in the anti-poverty work to meet the actual needs of the poor.

（Ⅲ）Establishing.a.unified.urban.poverty.monitoring.and.evaluation.mechanism

Monitoring the progress of poverty reduction strategies and evaluating the impact of poverty reduction strategies on poverty help make clear whether the pro-poor strategies are effective and how the policy measures contributed to poverty reduction to improve the pro-poor policies or project design and implementation, thereby achieving more effective poverty reduction. For China’s current urban poverty monitoring, the monitoring goals, targets and activities are under the responsibilities of different departments. The income indicator, for example, is under the responsibility of the National Bureau of Statistics, employment indicator is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, education indicator is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education and health indicator is under the responsibility of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Thus, there are many problems in the monitoring system, including data dispersion, independent information, lack of coordination and unclear responsibility and demand. A unified urban poverty monitoring and evaluation mechanism should be established to make the statistical monitoring of urban poverty an important part of social statistics in our country, regularly announce the urban poverty monitoring data, andmake assessment of urban anti-poverty policies to enhance the effectiveness and sustainabilityof urban anti-poverty policies.

（Ⅳ）Establishing.a.strategic.framework.for.integrated.poverty.reduction.in.urban.and.rural.areas

Strengthening the convergence of various systems and establishing the inter-sectoral coordination mechanism for urban poverty reduction. China’s current urban anti-poverty system has many problems such as overlapping and lack of relevant functions, showing a multi-sectoral management situation in practical work. We should integrate the department functions from system design, implement the effective convergence between various policies and establish an information management system shared by many departments. Meanwhile, we should make innovations to the forms of urban anti-poverty organizations, clarify the competent department of urban poverty reduction, establish a multi-sectoral coordination mechanism for urban poverty reduction and formulate the medium-and long-term urban anti-poverty strategic planning to improve the efficiency of anti-poverty work.

Integrating urban and rural resources to jointly advance the poverty reduction work.The accelerated pace of urbanization and the reform of household registration system bring new challenges to urban and rural poverty reduction, the urban and rural incidence of poverty and poverty-stricken population size will be measured based on the permanent residents, and it becomes very difficult to strictly distinguish the urban poor and rural poor. In the long run, the two will maintain a relationship of a dynamic two-way flow. Thus, before designing the urban pro-poor strategy, we should conduct effective institutional, technical and indicator convergence to the urban and rural poverty monitoring and targeting mechanism. Second, integrate the poverty relief resources and concentrate the financial, human and material resources of various departments of urban and rural social security system to address the urban and rural poverty. Third, we must encourage and mobilize a wide range of social forces, including businesses, communities and NGOs to participate in urban and rural poverty reduction, through government procurement of public services, give full play to the strengths and advantages of society.

Integrating urban and rural development and strengthening the construction of small towns.International experience shows that in orderto solve the problem of urban poverty fundamentally, it is necessary to solve the problem of excessive concentration of cities. To relieve urban pressure, we must coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, strengthen the governance of urbanfringe areas and develop small and medium-sized cities to provide better education, housing and other public services for the poor, and promote the employment of the poor.

（Ⅴ）Adhering.to.the.combination.of.development-oriented.poverty.reduction.and.relief-oriented.poverty.alleviation

China’s experience in rural poverty alleviation shows that it can effectively increase the income of the poor, lift the masses out of poverty, reduce social exclusion, enhance the anti-risk ability of the population out of poverty and achieve sustainable poverty reduction to adhere to the development-oriented poverty alleviation, help poor people improve development capacityand create opportunities for development. It is valuable experience for China’s urban poverty reduction. For the elderly, disabled, orphans, critically ill patients and other urban poor residents without the ability to work, the government should focus on relief-oriented poverty reduction to solve their basic living problem. For the urban poor with the ability to work, however, on the basis of basic relief and the equalization of public services, the government should create opportunities for their education, training and employment, enhance the human capital capacity, expandemployments, encourage entrepreneurship and fundamentally alleviate urban povertythrough various multi-level employment

promotion means.

 

Table.1　The.disabled,.three-no.people.and.unemployed.people.among.the.objects.of.the.urban.minimum.living.security.system

Year

 Total objects covered (10,000)

 The unemployed (10,000)

 Proportion of the unemployed (%)

 Students (10,000)

 Proportion of students (%)

 The elderly

(10,000)

 Proportion of the elderly

（%）

 The disabled (10,000)

 Proportion of the disabled (%)

 three-no people (10,000)

 Proportion of three-no people（%）

 

2007

 2272.1

 991.5

 43.6

 321.6

 14.2

 298.4

 13.1

 161.0

 7.1

 125.8

 5.5

 

2008

 2334.8

 966.5

 41.4

 358.1

 15.3

 316.7

 13.6

 169.1

 7.2

 106.9

 4.6

 

2009

 2345.6

 921.1

 39.3

 369.1

 15.7

 333.5

 14.2

 181.0

 7.7

 94.1

 4.0

 

2010

 2310.5

 912.7

 39.5

 357.3

 15.5

 338.6

 14.7

 180.7

 7.8

 89.3

 3.9

 

2011

 2276.8

 895.4

 39.3

 348.5

 15.3

 346.9

 15.2

 184.1

 8.1

 80.3

 3.5

 

2012

 2143.5

 822.5

 38.4

 318.3

 14.8

 339.3

 15.8

 174.5

 8.1

 64.9

 3.0

 

2013

 2064.2

 782.2

 37.9

 303.2

 14.7

 330.3

 16.0

 169.2

 8.2

 58.0

 2.8

 

2014

 1880.2

 711.3

 37.8

 265.3

 14.1

 313.6

 16.7

 157.9

 8.4

 49.4

 2.6

 

 

 

Note: Data of 2014 here refer to the figures of the fourth quarter.

Source: Website of the Ministry of Civil Affairs.

 

Table.2　Per.capital.disposable.income.of.urban.residents.(2002-2012).(unit:.Yuan)

Year

 Average income

 Lowest-income households (10%)

 Low-income households (10%)

 lower-middle-income households(20%)

 Middle-income households (20%)

 Upper-middle-income households (20%)

 High-income households (10%)

 Highest-income households 10%)

 Highest / lowest income ratio

 

2012

 24564.7

 8215.1

 6520.0

 12488.6

 16761.4

 22419.1

 29813.7

 39605.2

 7.8

 

2011

 21809.8

 6876.1

 5398.2

 10672.0

 14498.3

 19544.9

 26420.0

 35579.2

 8.6

 

2010

 19109.4

 5948.1

 4739.2

 9285.3

 12702.1

 17224.0

 23188.9

 31044.0

 8.6

 

2009

 17174.7

 5253.2

 4197.6

 8162.1

 11243.6

 15399.9

 21018.0

 28386.5

 8.9

 

2008

 15780.8

 4753.6

 3734.4

 7363.3

 10195.6

 13984.2

 19254.1

 26250.1

 9.2

 

2007

 13785.8

 4210.1

 3357.9

 6504.6

 8900.5

 12042.3

 16385.8

 22233.6

 8.7

 

2006

 11759.5

 3568.7

 2838.9

 5540.7

 7554.2

 10269.7

 14049.2

 19069.0

 9.0

 

2005

 10493.0

 3134.9

 2495.8

 4885.3

 6710.6

 9190.1

 12603.4

 17202.9

 9.2

 

2004

 9421.6

 2862.4

 2312.5

 4429.1

 6024.1

 8166.5

 11050.9

 14970.9

 8.9

 

2003

 8472.2

 2590.2

 2098.9

 3970.0

 5377.3

 7278.8

 9763.4

 13123.1

 8.4

 

2002

 7702.8

 2408.6

 1957.5

 3649.2

 4932.0

 6656.8

 8869.5

 11772.8

 7.9

 

 

 

Source: Website of National Bureau of Statistics.

 

 

Figure 2　Objects of the urban minimum living security system and the subsistence allowance per capita (1998-2014).